3

Stylistic devices
Repetition and Variation
stylistic device alliteration accumulation anaphora leitmotif definition recurrence of initial sound translation Alliteration example The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew. &e came, saw, fou!ht and won )n every town, in every house in every man, in every woman and in every child ..... effect to convey auditory ima!es to ma'e the lan!ua!e livelier to stress the main point often used in speeches

series of expressions "ad#ectives, Anh%ufun! cliches, examples, ima!es$ that contribute increasin!ly to meanin! repetition of first word"s$ of line(clause Anapher a dominant recurrent theme "word, *eitmotiv phrase, emotion, idea$ associated with a certain idea, person or situation and accompanyin! its(his(her reappearance throu!hout the text the point of hi!hest dramatic tension &+hepun't or a ma#or turnin! point in the action of the text or the point of !reatest dramatic interest in a play

!ives the text a structure and stresses the theme by repeatin! it

climax

climatic text structurin! means arran!in! material in order of importance, with the most important ar!uments comin! last

,ontrast
stylistic device euphemism definition fi!ure of speech intended to hide the real nature of s.th. unpleasant or taboo by usin! a mild or indirect expression combination of two terms which are contradictory in meanin! translation -uphemismus ".esch+ni!un!$ 0xymoron "Scheinwider1 spruch$ example &e passed away for he died ... the underprivile!ed for ... the poor elo2uent silence effect it may be necessary to spare a person/s feelin!s but it often ori!inates in prudery or a false sense of refinement to express complex thin!s or to unite contrastin! thin!s

oxymoron

A
paradox seemin!ly self1contradictory or absurd 4aradoxon ) see it feelin!ly statement which in fact establishes a So fair and foul a day ) have not more complex level of meanin! by seen "Sha'espeare, 5acbeth$ way of association a rhetorical fi!ure which denotes the Antithese God made the country and man opposin! of ideas by means of made the towns !rammatical parallel arran!ements of words, clauses or sentences a sudden transition from the idea of The love of 6od, #ustice and sports si!nificance or di!nity to an idea trivial cars ...... or ludicrous by comparison an assertion in the form of a 2uestion Rhetorische 7ra!e 8ho does nor love this country9 ": which stron!ly su!!ests a particular of course everybody loves his response country$ it may be found to contain some truth on closer examination produce an effective contrast

antithesis

anti1climax rhetorical 2uestion

produce a humorous effect !ive the listener the false impression of ta'in! part in a debate used to brin! liveliness into a speech

)ma!ery and Analo!y

stylistic device onomatopoeia metaphor definition sound"s$ imitative of thin!"s$ they refer to a reduced or implied comparison between phenomena not normally associated with each other ;ot a simile "with like$ denotes a concrete thin! that stands for s.th. immaterial, invisible or abstract implies additional meanin!"s$ of a word or phrase alon! with or apart from what it explicitly names or describes the ob#ect meant is not explicitly named but rather substituted by a closely associated feature, a characteristic part or a proper name translation 8ortmalerei 5etapher example en!ines roar ... the sand of time... All the world/s a sta!e And all the men and woman merely players... "Sha'espeare$ rose as a symbol of love white as a symbol of innocence the word hearth which literally means the floor of a fireplace su!!ests in addition the fireside, warmth, safety$ &e could feel the steel !oin! ri!ht throu!h him steel instead of dagger or knife aristocracy instead of the aristocrats effect ima!ination enriches the lan!ua!e "!ood style$

symbol connotation implication

Symbol <onnotation Andeutun!

!ives the reader an association

metonymy =1>1 1 1?

5etonymie ";amensvertausc hun!, @mbenennun!$

F
personification fi!ure of speech in which inanimate 4ersonifi'ation ob#ect, abstract concepts or livin! thin!s "plants, animals$ are referred to as if they were human bein!s a humorous play of words which are either identical or similar in sound but are very different in meanin! an explicit comparison "usin! as or like$ between two distinctly different thin!s which have at least one feature in common serves to illustrate an abstract rule or acts as an exercise in the application of this rule 8ortspiel Ver!leich Bustice is blind ;ecessity is the mother of invention The sun stepped out of the clouds and smiled momentarily )s life worth livin!9 )t depends on the liverC "3$ liver as the or!an "A$ liver as one who lives ... as dead as a mutton ... ... as fit as a fiddle ... ... li'e a bull in a china shop ... ) wandered lonely as a cloud... "8ordsworth$ !ives thin!s life or some similarity with human bein!s

pun simile

humorous to ma'e the reader lau!h

the reader/s ima!ination must be stirred by a simile

example

.eispiel

often used in speeches a special case is !iven to serve for a !eneral statement

0ther stylistic devices

stylistic device hyperbole definition translation a fi!ure of speech usin! exaggeration &yperbel Dbertreibun! example >) loved 0pheliaE forty thousand brothers could not, with all their 2uantity of love ma'e up my sum./ "Sha'espeare$ effect not to persuade or to deceive, but to emphasize a feelin! or to produce a humorous effect. )t is not to be ta'en literally. to !ive special emphasis to a situation or idea humorous

understatement litotes

irony

understatement is the reverse of exa!!eration. )t is a statement below the truth *itotes is a type of understatement which expresses an affirmative idea by ne!ation of its opposites fi!ure of speech by which the writer says the opposite of what he means

@ntertreibun! *itotes

That/s rather nice :!reat )t is pourin! with rain and the streets are floodedE .it wet today, isn/t it9 )t was not a bad party at all : it was a excellent party

)ronie

is often used to blame will draw attention to its actual meanin!

J
tone Genotes the accent or inflection of the voice as adapted to the emotion or passion expressed, also used for the style or manner of approach in spea'in! or writin! in !eneral )n deceptive rhetoric it is the deliberate wordin! of a phrase or passa!e in such a way that it can be ta'en in two ways a literary or theatrical techni2ue that involves the interruption of the chronolo!ical se2uence of events. At this point earlier scenes or events are inter#ected. the reverse of the flashbac'. The author interrupts the chronolo!ical se2uence of events to present or allude to events which will happen in the relative future. shortenin! of a sentence by the omission of one or more words that may be easily understood from the context. allusion is an implied indication. )t denotes an indirect reference to people or thin!s outside the text without mentionin! them in a strai!htforward way. Satire is a piece or form of writin! based on the use of humour, irony or sarcasm Ton The tone can beE collo2uial, ironical, serious, earnest, humorous etc. it reflects the mood of the author and his attitude towards his sub#ect

ambi!uity

Goppeldeuti!'eit, Hweideuti!'eit RIc'blende

to hide the truth or to leave the reader uncertain about the author/s real attitude to !ive a vivid picture of the "hero/s$ past

flashbac'

anticipation

Vorwe!nahme

The author/s aim is to ma'e developments transparent, 2uite often with emotional overtones. used to avoid repetition but also used for artistic effect the reader is expected to thin' about the situation himself and to have a certain 'nowled!e. used to expose and discoura!e vice and to ridicule foolish ideas or habits. Satirical writin! is always didactic.

ellipsis

-llipse "Auslassun!$ Anspielun!

allusion

satire

Satire