Page 1 of 5

1. One kg of saturated steam at a pressure of 20 bar is cooled in a rigid container until the
pressure is 5 bar. What is the resulting dryness fraction and the heat transfer?

During the process the volume remains constant, so v
1
= v
2

v
1
= v
g
@ 20 bar

= 0.09957 m
3
/kg and u
1
= 2600 kJ/kg
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
f
2 f g 2
g f
v v 0.09957 0.00109
At 2, v 1 x v xv so x 0.2635
0.3748 0.00109
v v

= + = = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2 f g 2
kJ
At 2, u 1 x u xu so u 1 0.2635 639 0.2635 2562 1145.7
kg
= + = + =
Note that the process is non-flow with no external work
Hence apply NFEE ( ) ( )
12 2 1
kJ
q u u 1145.7 2600 1454.3
kg
= = =


















Page 2 of 5

2. A gas is compressed reversibly following pV
1.3
is a constant from a pressure of 100 kPa,
a temperature of 300 K and a volume of 1 m
3
,

until the volume is 0.1 m
3
. Calculate the
final pressure and the work done.
1.3
1.3
1.3 1.3 1
1 1 2 2 2 1
2
V 1
Pr ocess follows p V p V hence p p 100 1995.3kPa
V 0.1
| |
| |
= = = =
|
|
\
\

( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
12
1995.3 0.1 100 1
p V p V
W 331.77kJ
n 1 0.3

= = =

Page 3 of 5

3. A vertical flat rectangular plate, 10 m high by 5 m wide, lies in the sea with one edge (the
top 5 m side) horizontal and 4 m below the free surface. Calculate the force on the plate
and the point at which it acts. The density of sea water is 1024 kg/m
3


Force gAh 1024 9.81 50 9 4520.45kN = = =
Vertical depth of the COP, on the centre line
3
2 2
GG
bd
Ah second moment about free surface d 100
12
z h h 9 9.926m
first moment about the free surface Ah bdh 12h 12 9
+
= = = + = + = + =

FREE SURFACE
G
G
h = 4 + 5 m
4 m
5m = b
10m = d
Page 4 of 5


4. A rigid tank of volume 0.9 m
3
contains air at a pressure of 500 kPa and at a temperature
of 25
0
C. Calculate the mass of air in the tank, and the heat transfer necessary to raise
the temperature to 100
0
C.


pV 500 0.9
Apply pV mRT so m 5.26 kg
RT 0.287 298.15

= = = =

A rigid tank so W = 0, and note that the process is non flow


12 v 2 1
Now apply the NFEE Q mc (T T ) 5.26 0.718 (100 25) 283.2 kJ = = =




















Page 5 of 5




5. Air enters a horizontal adiabatic nozzle with a velocity of 25 m/s, at a pressure of 250
kPa and a temperature of 200
0
C, and expands to a pressure of 100 kPa. The process
follows pV
1.4
= constant. Calculate the exit temperature and velocity.

1.4 1 1
1.4 3.5
2
2 1
p 100
First find the exit temperature : T T 473.15 364.17K
p1 250

| | | |
= = =
| |
\ \

Now apply the SFEE noting that there are no external work or heat transfers and no
changes in potential energy
( )
2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1
2 1 p 2 1
0 (h h ) c T T
2 2
| | | |

= + = + | |
| |
\ \


2 2
2 p 1 2 1
m
so 2c (T T ) 2 1005(473.15 364.17) 25 468.7
s
(
= + = + =