Training and Development in CFL

Training and development in CFL
A STUDY ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT With reference to
COROMANDEL FERTILAIZERS LTD, KAKINADA

A project report S !"itte# in P$rti$% & %fi%%"ent of The Re' ire"ent for the A($r# of the De)ree of
MASTER O& *USINESS ADMINISTRATION S !"itte# !+

SWWET,A NARALASETTY- M*A .&INAL/ .,0T0No012345622276/
Un#er the E8tee"e# G i#$nce of S"t0A0VI9AYA *,ARGAVI- M0*0A0&$c %t+ in M$n$)e"ent St #ie8
DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF !SINESS ADMINISTRATION ADIT"A INSTIT!TE OF P#$ ST!DIES %Approved &' AICTE, A((iliated to A!, ) A**redited &' N A+ Adit'a Nagar, AD Road, S!RAMPALEM,-../.0 1223,42
ADITYA INSTITUTE O& P0G0STUDIES DEPARTMENT O& *USINESS MANAGEMENT (Affiliated To Andhra University) Adit'a Nagar, AD Road, S!RAMPALEM,-../.0, E#$#D5t# P6one57 %233-1+1-11/.,1-11-2, *ell78399-09991
:ERTI&I:ATE
T6i5 i5 to *erti(' t6at t6e pro:e*t entitled ; TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT <it6 re(eren*e to :OROMANDEL &ERTILAI;ERSLTD0- <A<INADAi5 t6e &ona(ide <or= done &' SWET,A NARALASETTY <it6 Regd#no7123-/422.4d>ring t6e period 1223,42 in partial (>l(illment o( t6e re?>irement (or t6e a<ard o( t6e Degree o( MASTER O& *USINESS ADMINISTRATION in Adit'a in5tit>te o( P#$ 5t>die5 a((iliated to And6ra !niver5it' i5 a re*ord o( &ene(ited <or= *arried o>t &' >nder m' g>idan*e and 5>pervi5ion0
Project G i#e S"t0A0VI9AYA *,ARGAVI
,e$# of the #ept0 Mr0 90N$)en#r$ < "$r
DE:LARATION
I, S@ETAA NARALASETT" 6ere &' de*lare t6at t6e Pro:e*t <or= entitled ;A STUDY ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT (ith reference to :OROMANDEL &ERTILAI;ERS LTD- <A<INADA 5>&mitted &' me to t6e department o( Management St>die5, A#it+$ in8tit te of P0G8t #ie8- SUREMPALEM i5 o( m' o<n and 6a5 not &een 5>&mitted to an' !niver5it' or p>&li56ed an' time &e(ore#
PLA:E= DATE=
.N0SWET,A/ Re) No= 12345622276
A:<NOWLEDGEMENT
I am 5olel' inde&ted to Aead o( t6e Department SRI090NAGEN,RA <UMAR, M*A (or 6i5 val>a&le and pre*io>5 advi5e5 and *omment5 on t6i5 <or=# I al5o eBtend m' 6eart (elt and pre*io>5 advi5e5 and *omment5 on t6i5 <or=# I al5o eBtend m' 6eart (elt and o&liged t6an=5 to 6onora&le (a*>lt' mem&er5 o( t6e department o( management 5t>die5, ADITYA INSTITUTE O& PG STUDIES- 8 r$"p$%e", (or eBtending me, t6eir val>a&le 5>gge5tion5 (or t6e *ompletion o( t6e pro:e*t <or=# I eBpre55 m' deep 5en5e o( gratit>de to Mr80 A0VI9AYA *,ARGAVI >nder <6o5e g>idan*e I *o>ld ma=e a t6oro>g6 and *omplete *op' o( m' Pro:e*t <or=# I t6an= Sri0 S0 MANI PRASAD- Regional 6ead %AR+, Sri0A<S,AYA <AS,YAP, Area D' Manager %AR+ o( :OROMANDEL &ERTLILAI;ERS LTD0- (or providing val>a&le in(ormation and g>idan*e (or m' pro:e*t <or=# I t6an= all t6e tea*6ing and non,tea*6ing 5ta(( mem&er5 <6o eBtended t6eir *ordial and val>a&le 6elp#
%N#S@ETAA+
R#NO7123-/4222.4
:ONTENTS
P0No08 :,APTER>I INTRODU:TION NEED FOR TAE ST!D" O CECTIDES OF TAE ST!D" METAODOLO$" LIMITATIONS OF TAE ST!D" :,APTER>II INDUSTRY PRO&ILE
:,APTER>III
:OMPANY PRO&ILE
:,APTER>IV
T,EORETI:AL &RAMEWOR<
:,APTER>V
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
:,APTER>VI
&INDINGS ? SUGGESTIONS CONCL!SION @UESTIONNAIRE *I*LIOGRAP,Y *RO:,URES
INTRODU:TION NEED &OR T,E STUDY O*9E:TIVES O& T,E STUDY MET,ODOLOGY LIMITATIONS O& T,E STUDY
INTRODU:TION
Training and Development program5 are *on5idered to &e one o( t6e important a5pe*t5 o( organiEation development# It i5 an a*t o( in*rea5ing t6e =no<ledge and 5=ill o( an emplo'ee (or doing a parti*>lar :o&# For learning to &e e((e*tive individ>al5 and organiEation m>5t a*?>ire relevant training *apa&ilitie5 and 5>**e55(>ll' appl' t6em to t6e a*t>al <or= 5it>ation# In modern ind>5trialiEed e*onomi* t6e training 6a5 &e*ome a ma:or a*tivit' in an' <or=ing organiEation# Toda' t6e organiEation 5ee=5 t6e late5t mean5 and met6od5 &' <6i*6 t6e' *o>ld develop t6ro>g6 t6eir training# Training program5 i5 ne*e55ar' in an' organiEation (or improving t6e ?>alit' o( <or= o( emplo'ee5 at all level5 parti*>larl' in a <orld o( (a5t *6anging te*6nolog', *6anging val>e5 and environment# T6ere 6a5 &een gro<ing need to (ind <a'5 to determine t6e e((i*ien*' and e((e*tivene55 o( 5>*6 training program5 &ot6 in term5 or organiEation and training in5tit>tion# Training i5 a pra*ti*al and vital ne*e55it', (orF it ena&le5 emplo'ee5 to develop and ri5e <it6 in t6e organiEation and in*rea5e t6eir ;Mar=et Dal>e, Earning Po<er and Co& Se*>rit'G# In training t6e (o*>5 i5 on learning &' an individ>al t6e ne< <a'5 o( doing t6ing5# Aen*e training i5 organiEed on t6e need5 o( t6e people, t6e pro:e*t5 and t6e program5 and t6ere(ore i5 per(orman*e oriented# Training motivate5 emplo'ee5 to >nder5tand and develop t6eir *reative potential (or t6e ?>alit' <6i*6 6a5 &e*ome imperative need o( ever' model, progre55ive and (or<ard loo=ing ind>5tr'# T6e p>rpo5e o( training i5 to 6elp to meet *ompan' o&:e*tive5 &' providing opport>nitie5 (or emplo'ee5 at all organiEation level5 to a*?>ire t6e re?>i5ite
=no<ledge, 5=ill and attit>de5, (>rt6er training 56o>ld &e *ond>*ted in t6e a*t>al :o& environment to t6e maBim>m po55i&le eBtent# T6e 5>&:e*t o( t6e pre5ent 5t>d', ;Training and DevelopmentG i5 an integral part o( A>man Re5o>r*e Development %ARD+# T6e <ord ;Re5o>r*eG re(er5 to t6e prod>*tive po<er o( nat>ral good5# A>man Re5o>r*e i5, t6ere(ore t6e prod>*tive po<er in 6>man &eing5# !nli=e t6e material re5o>r*e5, 6>man re5o>r*e5 are t6e parti*>lar5 a5 al5o t6e &ene(i*iarie5 o( e*onomi* development pro*e55# A>man Re5o>r*e Development 6a5 gained in*rea5ing attention in la5t de*ade (rom A>man Re5o>r*e Spe*iali5t, Training and Development Pro(e55ional5, C6ie( EBe*>tive5 and Line Manager5# Man' dimen5ion5 o( 6>man re5o>r*e development 6ave &een integrated into Re5ear*6, Training OrganiEational de5ign and C6ange# A>man Re5o>r*e Development in organiEational *onteBt i5 a pro*e55 &' <6i*6 t6e emplo'ee5 o( an organiEation are 6elped in a *ontin>o>5 and planned <a' to7 A*?>ire or 56arpen *apa&ilitie5 re?>ire or 56arpen *apa&ilitie5 re?>ired to per(orm vario>5 (>n*tion5 a55o*iated <it6 t6eir pre5ent or eBpe*ted (>t>re role5# Development an organiEational *>lt>re in <6i*6 5>pervi5or, 5>&ordinate5 relation56ip, team <or= and *olla&oration among 5>&>nit5 are 5trong and *ontri&>te to t6e pro(e55ional <ell, &eing, motivation and pride o( emplo'ee5# Develop t6eir general *apa&ilitie5 a5 individ>al5 and di5*over and eBploit t6eir inner potential (or t6eir o<n and H or organiEational development p>rpo5e5#
NEED &OR T,E STUDY

T6e pre5ent pro:e*t <a5 initiated <it6 a motive to 5t>d' training and development to =no< and >nder5tand 6o< a 6>man re5o>r*e department i5 managed in parti*>lar# '
t6i5 intention t6e pre5ent 5t>d' 6a5 >nderta=en to =no< t6e training and development program o( t6e *ompan'# To improve t6e e((e*tivene55 o( training given to t6e emplo'ee5# To mat*6 t6e emplo'eeI5 :o& 5ati5(a*tion5 <it6 t6e :o& re?>irement5 and organiEational need5# To in*rea5e t6e prod>*tivit' o( t6e organiEation# To prepare t6e emplo'ee5 (or 6ig6er level :o&5# Emplo'ee5 <ill e((e*tivel' 6andle t6e (>t>re *6ange5 in t6e organiEation# T6ro>g6 training and development program it i5 po55i&le to improve t6e 6ealt6 and 5a(et' o( t6e emplo'ee5#
42
S:OPE O& T,E STUDY

T6e 5*ope o( ARM i5 ver' <ide# T6e managing =no<ledge <or=er5 and advan*ed in t6e (ield o( training 6ave eBplained t6e 5*ope o( ARM in re*ent 'ear5#
PERSONNEL ASPE:TS=
Manpo<erplanning, re*r>itment, 5ele*tion, pla*ement, tran5(er, promotion, rem>neration and in*entive5#
WEL&ARE ASPE:TS=
Canteen5, re5t and l>n*6 room5, 6o>5ing and medi*al a55i5tan*e#
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS=
T6i5 *over5 >nion management relation, :oint *on5>ltation, *olle*tive &argaining, grievan*e and di5*iplinar' pro*ed>re5, 5ettlement o( di5p>te5 et*#
44
O*9E:TIVES O& T,E STUDY

To anal'Ee t6e e((e*tivene55 o( ;training and developmentG program5 in t6e organiEation# To en5>re 5moot6 and e((i*ient <or=ing o( t6e department# To 5t>d' t6e *riteria (or t6e training program# To 5>gge5t mea5>re5 to improve t6e prod>*tivit'# To 5t>d' AR poli*ie5 and pra*ti*e5 in t6e organiEation# To eval>ate t6e training program5# To prepare emplo'ee5 (or 6ig6er level ta5=5# To 5t>d' t6e eBi5ting training and development 5*6eme5 in t6e organiEation#
41
MET,ODOLOGY
NATURE O& DATA
Met6odolog' i5 t6e 5'5temati* pro*ed>re o( *olle*ting in(ormation in order to anal'5e and veri(' a p6enomenon# T6e *olle*tion o( in(ormation i5 done t6ro>g6 t<o prin*ipal 5o>r*e5 namel'7, Primar' data 5o>r*e Se*ondar' data 5o>r*e
PRIMARY DATA SOURCE:

T6e in(ormation i5 *olle*ted t6ro>g6 per5onal intervie<5 and dire*t intera*tion <it6 t6e emplo'ee5 o( t6e COROMANDEL FERTILIZERS LIMITED#
SECONDARY DATA SOURCE:

T6e 5t>d' i5 &a5ed on 5e*ondar' data, <6i*6 i5 *olle*ted (rom alread' p>&li56ed 5o>r*e5 5>*6 a5 Ann>al report5 and internal re*ord5 o( ;COROMANDEL FERTILIZERS LIMITEDG# Re(eren*e (rom teBt &oo=5, :o>rnal5 o( CFL and internet#
SOUR:E O& DATA

Primar' data i5 t6o5e data *olle*ted e5pe*iall' &' or (or t6e data >5er5# T6e ?>e5tionnaire 6a5 &een (ramed in 5tr>*t>red and >nder 5igned (orm# A part (rom (orm t6i5 t6e data are *olle*ted t6ro>g6 dire*t *omm>ni*ation <it6 re5pondent5#
4.
Se*ondar' data are o&tained (rom t6e pa5t and pre5ent re*ord5 o( t6e *ompanie5 &ot6 p>&li56ed and >np>&li56ed# Report5 in addition to t6e5e vario>5 teBt &oo=5 are al5o ta=en (or re(eren*e5# T6i5 data *ompri5e5 in(ormation (rom internet re*ord5 o( t6e organiEation, teBt&oo=5, :o>rnal5, literat>re availa&le# Coromandel FertiliEer5, Ka=inada 6a5 a total 5trengt6 o( 42./ <or=er5 in vario>5 department5 at di((erent level5, in*l>ding *ontra*t la&or# T6e data <a5 *olle*ted on t6e &a5i5 o( random 5ampling# T6i5 te*6ni?>e minimiEe5 t6e 5ampling 5trengt6# T6e primar' 5o>r*e date i5 t6o5e <6i*6 are *olle*ted a(re56 ) (or t6e (ir5t time, ) t6>5 6appen to &e original in *6ara*ter#
PREPARATION O& T,E @UESTIONNAIRE=

Keeping in vie< o( t6e a&ove o&:e*tive5, ?>e5tionnaire <a5 prepared (or di5tri&>ting among t6e emplo'ee5 to =no< t6eir vie<5 a&o>t ;training and developmentG in COROMENDAL FERTILAIZERS LIMITED, =a=inada 4- o&:e*tive t'pe ?>e5tion5 <ere tired o>t in t6e pre,te5ting and a(ter ma=ing 5>ita&le modi(i*ation5 t6e' are (inaliEed and developed into a (>ll (ledged ?>e5tionnaire <it6 5>ita&le 5*ale#
SELE:TION O& SAMPLE=

-2 emplo'ee5 <ere ele*ted on random 5ampling &a5i5 (rom t6e <or= (or*e to get a <ider data and oral intervie<5 <it6 t6e ot6er emplo'ee5#
4/
LIMITATIONS O& T,E STUDY

T6ere <ere *ertain o&5ta*le5 d>e to <6i*6 t6e (ollo<ing limitation5 appear in 5t>d'7 T6e 5t>d' <ill &e *on(ined to onl' COROMANDEL FERTILAIZERS LIMITED# Time 6a5 &een a limitation (a*tor in t6e 5>rve' (or 5t>d' and a5 m>*6 in5pite o(
t6e *on5*io>5, e((ort5, t6ere <ill &e po55i&ilit' o( 5ome area5 to &e eBplored# Detailed 5t>d' i5 not po55i&le d>e to t6e lap5e o( time# T6e pop>lation o( t6e 5t>d' i5 limited to t6e 5ele*ted emplo'ee5 o( COROMANDEL FERTILAIZERS LIMITED
4-
INDUSTRY PRO&ILE
49
INDUSTRY PRO&ILE
FertiliEer5 are o( immen5e val>e to man=ind# T6e' 6elp in t6e gro<t6 o( t6e *rop5# India i5 primaril' an agri*>lt>ral or an agro &a5ed *o>ntr'# T6e >5e o( (ertiliEer5 en6an*e5 t6e prod>*tive *apa*it' o( 5oil &' improving t6e nitrogen, p6o5p6or>5 and pota56 *ontent5 in t6e 5oil# So it i5 e55ential to >5e t6e (ertiliEer5 (or in*rea5ing t6e 'ield o( t6e *rop &' a&5or&ing greater amo>nt o( n>trient5 pre5ent in t6e 5oil# Aen*e t6e demand (or t6e (ertiliEer5 6a5 &een in*rea5ed to a large eBtent and 6i5 laid a <a' to t6e prod>*tion o( di((erent =ind5 o( (ertiliEer5 all over t6e <orld# A large n>m&er o( private and p>&li* 5e*tor ind>5trie5 are engaged in t6e prod>*tion o( 5everal 5imple and *ompleB (ertiliEer5 5>*6 a5 >rea, Di,ammoni>m p6o5p6ate and ot6er *ompleB nitrogen and p6o5p6ori* (ertiliEer5, <6i*6 pla' a 5trategi* role in *ataloging to t6e need5 o( vario>5 5e*tor5 o( t6e 5o*iet'#
SOME
O&
T,E
MA9OR
:OMPANIES
PRODU:ING
T,E
&ERTILI;ERS ARE AS &OLLOWS=

Coromandel FertiliEer5 Ltd#, Za>ri Agro C6emi*al5 Ltd#, Nagar:>na (ertiliEer5 Ltd#, et*# Agri*>lt>re a**o>nt5 (or nearl' Jt6 o( IndiaI5 $DP and more importantl', a&o>t 1H.rd o( t6e *o>ntr'I5 pop>lation i5 dependent on agri*>lt>re and allied a*tivitie5 (or t6eir liveli6ood# S>**e55ive Five "ear Plan5 6ave 5tre55ed on 5el(,5>((i*ien*' and 5el(,relian*e
40
in (ood grain5 prod>*tion and *on*erted e((ort5 in t6i5 dire*tion 6ave re5>lted in 5>&5tantial in*rea5e in agri*>lt>re prod>*tion and prod>*tivit'# T6i5 i5 *lear (rom t6e (a*t t6at (rom a ver' mode5t level o( -1 million tone5 in 48-4 K -1, (ood grain prod>*tion ro5e to a&ove 129 million tone5 in 1222# e6ind IndiaI5 5>**e55 5tor' o( not onl' meeting total
re?>irement o( (ood grain5 &>t al5o 6aving t6eir eBporta&le 5>rpl>5, t6e 5igni(i*ant role pla'ed &' *6emi*al (ertiliEer5 i5 <ell re*ogniEed and e5ta&li56ed &e'ond an' do>&t# C6emi*al (ertiliEer5 6ave pla'ed a vital role in t6e 5>**e55 o( IndiaI5 green revol>tion and *on5e?>ent 5el(,relian*e in (ood,grain prod>*tion# T6e in*rea5e in (ertiliEer *on5>mption 6a5 *ontri&>ted 5igni(i*antl' to 5>5taina&le prod>*tion o( (ood grain5 in t6e *o>ntr'# T6e $overnment o( India 6a5 &een *on5i5tentl' p>r5>ing poli*ie5 *ond>*tive to in*rea5ed availa&ilit' and *on5>mption o( (ertiliEer5 in t6e *o>ntr'# T6e prod>*tion o( Nitrogen %N+ and P6o5p6or>5 %P+ (ertiliEer toget6er 6a5 in*rea5ed (rom mere 2#. la=6 MT in 48-2 K -4 to a&o>t 4/0 la=6 MT in n>trient5 term5 in 1224 K 21# Sin*e t6ere are no *ommer*iall' via&le 5o>r*e5 o( pota56 %K+ in t6e *o>ntr', it5 entire re?>irement i5 met t6ro>g6 import5# T6e overall *on5>mption o( (ertiliEer5 in n>trient5 term5 %N, P ) K+ *>rrentl' i5 a&o>t 40- la=e5 MT per ann>m# A5 o( no<, t6e *o>ntr' 6a5 a*6ieved near 5el(,5>((i*ien*' in prod>*tion *apa*it' o( >rea and DAP, <it6 t6e re5>lt t6at India *o>ld manage it5 re?>irement o( t6e5e (ertiliEer5 (rom indigeno>5 ind>5tr' and import5 o( all (ertiliEer5 eB*ept MOP 6ave pre5entl' &een nominal# Over t6e la5t (ive de*ade5, t6e prod>*tion o( nitrogeno>5 %N+ and P6o5p6ati* %P+ (ertiliEer5 ta=en toget6er 6a5 in*rea5ed (rom a mere 2#. la=6 MT in 48-2,-4 to 4/9#13 la=6 MT in n>trient5 term5 in 1224 K 21# Sin*e t6ere are no *ommer*iall' =no<n 5o>r*e5 o( pota56 %K+ in t6e *o>ntr', it5 entire re?>irement i5 met t6ro>g6 import# T6e overall
43
*on5>mption o( (ertiliEer5 in n>trient5 term5 %NP and K+ 6a5 in*rea5ed (rom 2#0 la=6 MT to a&o>t 40.#9 la=6 MT d>ring t6e 5ame period# A**ordingl', per 6e*tare *on5>mption o( (ertiliEer5 le55 t6an 4 Kg in 48-4 K -1 6a5 gone >p to t6e level o( 82#4 Kg# in 1224 K 21# @it6 t6e level o( prod>*tion *apa*it', t6e *o>ntr' 6a5 a*6ieved near 5el( 5>((i*ien*' in >rea and DAP <6erea5 not long &a*=, India imported .3#1 la=6 MT o( >rea and DAP &ot6 in 4888 1222 to meet t6eir indigeno>5 demand# T6e government o( A#P# in it5 endeavor5 to 5erve t6e (arming *omm>nit' *on*eived t6e idea o( 5etting >p o( a Di,Ammoni>m P6o5p6ate %DAP+ Plant in t6e 5tate# A**ordingl', t6e $overnment o( A#P# entered into a :oint vent>re partner56ip <it6 t6e <orldI5 large5t prod>*er o( (ertiliEer5 in t6e *ooperative 5e*tor, viE#, Indian (armer5 agreed, &et<een t6e *6ie( promoter t6e $ovt# o( A#P# and PROMOTER IFFCO, t6at <6ile t6e (ormer <o>ld 5>&5*ri&e to 1-#33L o( t6e e?>it', t6e latter <o>ld 5>&5*ri&e to 1/#82L# T6e &alan*e /8#11L to &e o((ered (or p>&li* 5>&5*ription t6ro>g6 an open o((er# To (ormaliEe t6e propo5al5, a Compan' >nder t6e name and 5t'le Coromandel FertiliEer5 <a5 in*orporated on40#41#4834 <it6 it5 regi5tered o((i*e at Se*>ndera&ad# T6e *ompan' &e*ome p>&li* Ltd# On .4#23#483/ it <a5 (>rt6er agreed to 5et >p t6e plant at Ka=inada, in E#$#Dt <it6 an initial o>tla' o( R5# 44/ *rore5 and a prod>*tion *apa*it' o( .#22 la=6 MT Per Ann>m t6e plant 6aving &een eBpanded (rom time to time, t6e in5talled *apa*it' 6a5 &een &ro>g6t to 3#.1 la=6 MT p#a#, <it6 *apa&ilit' to prod>*e <ide range o( prod>*t5# T6e *ompan'I5 mar=eting operation5 are 5pread over 8 5tate5# T6e *ompan' al5o 6a 5 a liai5on o((i*e at Ne< Del6i, (or ne*e55ar' (ollo<5 >p <it6 t6e $ovt# o( India, o( t6e matter5 relating to t6e *ompan'#
48
T6e $ovt# o( A#P# *on*eived t6e idea o( 5etting >p o( DAP plant in t6e 5tate in 5erve t6e (arming *omm>nit'# T6e 5tate entered into a :oint K vent>re partner56ip <it6 t6e <orldI5 large5t prod>*er o( (ertiliEer5 in t6e *o,operative Se*tor, Indian Farmer5 FertiliEer Cooperative Limited %IFFCO+#
,ISTORY=
Department o( FertiliEer5 *ome5 >nder t6e am&it o( Mini5tr' o( C6emi*al5 and FertiliEer5# T6i5 department <a5 earlier >5ed to &e named a5 Department o( C6emi*al5 ) FertiliEer5# T6e genie5 o( t6e Department o( C6emi*al5 ) FertiliEer5 *an tra*ed to t6e er5t<6ile Mini5tr' o( Prod>*tion in t6e (i(tie5# D>ring t6e time, <6ile ;FertiliEerG 5>&:e*t <a5 &eing dealt6 a5 a part o( t6e Se*tion, t6e 5>&:e*t matter o( ;C6emi*al5G <a5 a55igned to Mini5tr' o( Commer*e and Ind>5tr'# T6e importan*e o( t6e (ertiliEer and *6emi*al 5e*tor5 <a5 re*ogniEed in 489. <6en t6e 5>&:e*t5 *on*erned <ere pla*ed in one Department in t6e ne<l' 5et >p Mini5tr' o( Petrole>m and C6emi*al5# In 480-, <it6 t6e appointment o( a 5eparate Ca&inet Mini5ter (or C6emi*al5 and FertiliEer5, t6e Mini5tr' o( C6emi*al5 ) FertiliEer5 *ompri5ing t6e Department o( Petrole>m and t6e Department o( C6emi*al5 ) FertiliEer5 *ame into &eing# A 5eparate Mini5tr' o( C6emi*al5 ) FertiliEer5 *ame into eBi5ten*e in Septem&er, 4831 6eaded &' a Ca&inet Mini5ter <6o i5 a55i5ted &' Min5ter o( State# It <a5 part o( t6e Mini5tr' o( Agri*>lt>re till 483/# in C>ne, 4884 it &e*ome part o( ne<l' *reated Mini5tr' o( C6emi*al5 ) FertiliEer5# Department o( FertiliEer5 *ame into eBi5ten*e a5 a 5eparate Department in Septem&er, 483- *on5e?>ent >pon t6e &i(>r*ation o( t6e t6en Mini5tr' o( C6emi*al5 )
12
FertiliEer5# T6erea(ter, t6i5 Department <a5 &ro>g6t >nder t6e am&it o( Mini5tr' o( Agri*>lt>re (or a 56ort d>ration# Ao<ever, t6e earlier po5ition <a5 re5tored in 4881#
GROWT, O& T,E INDUSTRY=

T6e Indian FertiliEer ind>5tr' 6a5 5>**eeded in meeting almo5t (>ll' t6e demand o( all *6emi*al (ertiliEer5 eB*ept (or MOP# T6e ind>5tr' 6ad a ver' 6>m&le &eginning in 4829, <6en t6e (ir5t man>(a*t>ring >nit o( Single S>per P6o5p6ate %SSP+ <a5 5et >p in t6e Fanipet near C6ennai <it6 an ann>al *apa*it' o( 9222 MT# T6e FertiliEer5 and C6emi*al5 Travan*ore o( India Ltd# %FACT+ at Co*6in in Kerala and t6e FertiliEer5 Corporation o( India %FCI+ in Sindri in i6ar <ere t6e (ir5t large 5iEed K (ertiliEer plant5 5et >p in t6e
(ortie5 and (i(tie5 <it6 a vie< to e5ta&li56 an ind>5trial &a5e to a*6ieve 5el(,5>((i*ien*' in (ood grain5# S>&5e?>entl', green revol>tion in t6e late 5iBtie5 gave an impet>5 to t6e gro<t6 o( (ertiliEer ind>5tr' in India# T6e 5eventie5 and eig6tie5 t6en <itne55ed a 5igni(i*ant addition to t6e (ertiliEer prod>*tion *apa*it'# T6e in5talled *apa*it' a5 on .2#24#122. 6a5 rea*6ed a level 414#42 la= MT o( nitrogen %in*l>5ive o( an in5talled *apa*it' o( 123#/1 la=6 MT o( >rea a(ter rea55e55ment o( *apa*it'+ and -.#92 la=6 MT o( p6o5p6ati* n>trient, ma=ing India t6e .rd Large5t (ertiliEer prod>*er in t6e <orld# T6e rapid &>ild,>p o( (ertiliEer prod>*tion *apa*it' in t6e *o>ntr' 6a5 &een a*6ieved a5 a re5>lt o( a (avo>ra&le poli*' environment (a*ilitating large inve5tment5 in t6e p>&li*, *o,operative and private 5e*tor5# Pre5entl', t6ere are -0 large 5iEed (ertiliEer plant5 in t6e *o>ntr' man>(a*t>ring a <ide range o( nitrogeno>5, p6op6ati* and *ompleB (ertiliEer5# O>t o( t6e5e, 18 >nit prod>*e area, 12 >nit5 prod>*e DAP and *ompleB (ertiliEer5 4. plant5 man>(a*t>re Ammoni>m S>lp6ate %AS+, Cal*i>m
14
Ammoni>m Nitrate %CAN+ and ot6er lo< anal'5i5 nitrogeno>5 (ertiliEer5# are a&o>t 9/ medi>m and 5mall,5*ale >nit5 in operation prod>*ing SSP#
e5ide5, t6ere
NEED- ROLE AND SIGNI&I:AN:E O& &ERTILI;ERS=

Agri*>lt>re <6i*6 i5 t6e primar' 5e*tor pla'5 a dominant role in Indian e*onom'# Ma:orit' o( Indian pop>lation depend5 on agri*>lt>re (or t6eir liveli6ood# T6e agri*>lt>re 5e*tor *ontri&>te5 .2L o( t6e National in*ome# Ao<ever :>5t 42L o( t6e eart6I5 5>r(a*e area i5 >5ed to gro< agri*>lt>ral *rop5# It i5 pertinen*e to mention 6ere t6e pop>lation in*rea5ing *ontin>o>5l' and to *ater t6em even greater ?>antit' o( (ood i5 re?>ired it i5 o&vio>5 t6at t6e *>ltivated area *annot &e eBpanded to an' *on5idera&le degree to in*rea5e t6e prod>*tion o( (ood in t6e *o>ntr'# To *om&at t6i5 5it>ation, one 6a5 to t6in= o( 5*ienti(i* met6od o( *>ltivation and t6ere &' in*rea5e t6e 'ield (rom t6e agri*>lt>ral operation5# T6e onl' <a' to in*rea5e t6e prod>*tion i5 t6ro>g6 rai5ing 5oil (ertilit' &' 5>ppl'ing t6e re?>ired n>trient5, *6emi*al (ertiliEer5# FarmerI5 ed>*ation program5, demon5tration (orm5 and t6e media 6elped to in*rea5e t6e *on5>mption o( (ertiliEer5 in t6e *o>ntr'# T6e re?>irement o( (ertiliEer5 6a5 &een in*rea5ing *ontin>o>5l' 'ear a(ter 'ear# FertiliEer5 6ave in*rea5ed (rom /#9 =gH6e* in 489- K 9 to -2 =gH6e* in 483/ K 3- in India# T6e n>m&er5 o( (arm5 <6i*6 are >5ing (ertiliEer5 in t6e *o>ntr' *on5tit>te a&o>t 9-L# T6e *riti*al role o( t6e (ertiliEer5 in development o( *>ltivation in India <a5 re*ogniEed <a' &a*= in 481/# T6e (ertiliEer ind>5tr' in India i5 6ig6l' energ' e((i*ient and *ompara&le to t6e &e5t in t6e <orld# T6e Indian (ertiliEer ind>5tr' *ontin>e5 to &e adver5el' a((e*ted &' in*on5i5tent pra*ti*e5 o( t6e retention pri*ing 5*6eme#
11
T6e govt# implemented a me*6ani5m o( giving pri*e5 to man>(a*t>re (ertiliEer5 &a5ed on *ertain norm5 to en5>re a rea5ona&le ret>rn o( 41L po5t taB on net <ort6 at 32L *apa*it' o( >tiliEation i5 onl' a mirage#
A*OUT &ERTILI;ERS=
FertiliEer i5 5impl', plant (ood# C>5t li=e t6e 6>man &od' need5 vitamin5 and mineral5, plant5 need n>trient5 in order to gro<# Plant5 need large amo>nt5 o( t6ree n>trient5 K nitrogen, p6o5p6or>5, and pota55i>m# It5 >5age i5 a5 (ollo<57 Nitro)en .N/ Pho8phoro 8 .P/ Pot$88i " .</ = = = (hich pro"ote8 )ener$% p%$nt )ro(th0 (hich pro"ote8 f%o(erin)0 (hich pro"ote8 8tron) root80
T6e a&ove ingredient5 are miBed in vario>5 *om&ination5 a**ording to t6e re*ommendation5 o( t6e di((erent t'pe5 o( plant5 and it5 need5# T6e5e are *ommonl' re(ereed to a5 ma*ro,n>trient5# FertiliEer5 prod>*er5 >5e t6o5e t6ree n>trient5 (rom nat>re and t>rn t6em into 5ol>&le (orm5 t6at plant5 *an ea5il' >5e# T6ere are a n>m&er o( ot6er n>trient5 t6at plant5 need in 5mall amo>nt5# T6e5e are re(erred to a5 t6e minor n>trient5, or mi*ro,n>trient5# T6e5e n>trient5 are t'pi*all' prod>*ed 5eparatel', &>t at t6e end t6e' are miBed toget6er in var'ing amo>nt5 to mat*6 t6e need5 o( a parti*>lar *rop# T6e anal'5i5 (o>nd on ea*6 &ag or &>l= 56ipment o( (ertiliEer tell5 t6e (armer or *on5>mer t6e amo>nt o( n>trient5 &eing 5>pplied# State5 6ave a 5'5tem o( la<5 and reg>lation5 t6at en5>re t6e (ertiliEer i5 properl' la&eled and deliver5 t6e amo>nt (or n>trient5 5tated on t6e &ag#
1.
@6ile (ertiliEer5 provide man' important &ene(it5 t6at are ne*e55ar' (or o>r <a' o( li(e, t6e improper >5e o( (ertiliEer5 *an 6arm o>r environment# @e 6ave >5ed t6e mo5t re*ent development5 in 5*ien*e to 5t>d' o>r prod>*t5 and ma=e 5>re 5a(et' *ome5 (ir5t# Commer*iall' prod>*ed (ertiliEer5 give gro<ing plant5 t6e n>trient5 t6e' *arve in t6e (orm t6e' *an mo5t readil' a&5or& and >5e 7 Nitrogen %N+, P6o5p6ate %P+, and 5ol>&le Pota56 %K+, Element5 needed in 5maller amo>nt5, or mi*ron>trient5, in*l>de iron %Fe+, Zin* %Zn+, Copper %C>+ and oron % +# S*ienti5t5 (o>nd t6at 6e eart6I5 5oil *ontain5 le55 t6an 12 per*ent o( t6e organi* plant n>trient5 needed to meet o>t *>rrent (ood prod>*tion need5# T6ere(ore, t6ro>g6 t6e 5*ienti(i* appli*ation o( man>(a*t>red (ertiliEer5, (armer5 are meting t6e *6allenge o( t6e (>t>re, toda'# T6e &>ilding &lo*=5 o( 6ealt6' *rop5 (rom @6eat, Corn, Ri*e and ean5 to Apple5, Pear5, S?>a56, Z>**6ini# Man>(a*t>red (ertiliEer5 no>ri56 plant5 <it6 t6e (ood t6e' need to gro< and &e 6ealt6'# Nitrogen, (or eBample, i5 part o( ever' plant5 protein and i5 a *omponent o( DNA and RNA, t6e geneti* ;&l>e print5G o( li(e it5el(# Ta=en >p in larger amo>nt5 t6an ot6er n>trient5, nitrogen ma=e5 plant5 green and i5 >5>all' mo5t re5pon5i&le (or in*rea5ing 'ield5# Anot6er *omponent o( plant DNA i5 p6o5p6ate, <6i*6 6elp5 plant5 to >5e <ater e((i*ientl'# It al5o 6elp5 to promote root gro<t6 and improve5 t6e ?>alit' o( grain and a**elerate5 it5 ripening# And pota55i>m, *ommonl' *alled pota56, i5 important &e*a>5e it i5 ne*e55ar' (or p6oto5'nt6e5i5, <6i*6 i5 t6e prod>*tion, tran5portation and a**>m>lation o( 5>gar5 in t6e plant# Pota56 ma=e5 plant5 6ard' and 6elp5 t6em to <it65tand t6e 5tre55 o( dro>g6t and (ig6t o(( di5ea5e#
1/
TYPES O& &ERTILI;ERS=

T6ere are di((erent t'pe5 o( (ertiliEer5 man>(a*t>red &' t6e *ompanie5 ta=ing into *on5ideration o( t6e 5oil (ertilit', *limati* *ondition5 and t6e nat>re o( t6e *rop# Com&ining air <it6 6'drogen >5ing nat>ral ga5 a5 t6e (eed 5to*= ma=e5 ammonia, t6e &>ilding &lo*= (or nitrogen (ertiliEer5# Ammoniated p6o5p6ate5, <6i*6 in*l>de mono ammoni>m p6o5p6ate %MAP+ and Di,ammoni>m p6o5p6ate %DAP+, are made &' rea*ting ammonia <it6 p6o5p6ori* a*id# M>riate o( pota56, al5o *alled pota55i>m *6loride, i5 made (rom mine ore5 t6at 6ave &een pro*e55ed to remove nat>rall' o**>rring 5alt5# Ammoni>m nitrate i5 a 5olid (ertiliEer *ontaining approBimatel' 1/L nitrogen t6at i5 <ater 5ol>&le and >5ed in vario>5 (ertiliEer 5ol>tion5# A?>a ammonia i5 anot6er nitrogen,&a5ed (ertiliEer made &' *om&ining ammonia <it6 <ater# It *ontain5 >pto 1-L nitrogen and i5 eit6er applied dire*tl' to t6e 5oil or i5 >5ed to man>(a*t>re p6o5p6ate (ertiliEer5# Nitrogen 5ol>tion5 are <ater 5ol>tion5 o( ammonia, ammoni>m nitrate and, 5ometime5, >rea, a 5olid (ertiliEer *ontaining approBimatel' /- per*ent nitrogen, and ot6er 5ol>&le *ompo>nd5 o( nitrogen# Nitrogen 5ol>tion5 are >5ed in ammoniating 5>per p6o5p6ate, t6e man>(a*t>re o( *omplete (ertiliEer and (or dire*t in:e*tion into t6e 5oil# T6e' var' in *ompo5ition and nitrogen *ontent and are 5ometime5 applied >nder pre55>re#
1-
T6ere are t<o t'pe5 o( n>trient5 5>*6 a5 ma*ro n>trient5 and mi*ro n>trient5# T6e5e are eBplained a5 (ollo<57
MA:RO NUTRIENTS=
T6e5e ma*ro n>trient5 are o( t6ree t'pe5# T6e' are7
1. NITROGEN (N):
Nitrogen i5 a part o( all plant protein5 and i5 a *omponent o( DNA and RNA K t6e ;&l>eprint5G (or geneti* *6ara*teri5ti*5# It i5 ne*e55ar' (or plant gro<t6 and *6lorop6'll prod>*tion# Nitrogen i5 t6e &>ilding &lo*= (or man' (ertiliEer5# @6ere doe5 ;NG *ome (romM Nitrogen i5 pre5ent in va5t ?>antitie5 in t6e air, ma=ing >p a&o>t 03L o( t6e atmo5p6ere# Nitrogen (rom t6e air i5 *om&ined <it6 nat>ral ga5 i5 *om&ined <it6 nat>ral ga5 in a *ompleB *6emi*al pro*e55 to ma=e ammonia#
2. PHOSPHORUS / PHOSPHATE (P):

P6o5p6or>5 a5 a n>trient i5 5ometime5 mo5t val>a&le to plant5 <6en miBed in t6e 5oil 5>pplied to t6e 5eed5 (or plant 6ealt6 and (lo<ering# T6e development o( t6e plant5 rood depend5 on an ade?>ate 5>ppl' o( ;PG# P6o5p6oro>5 i5 relativel' in5ol>&le in <ater# P6o5p6ate i5 al5o a *omponent o( DNA, 5o it i5 one o( t6e &>ilding &lo*=5 o( gene5 and *6romo5ome5# P6o5p6or>5 i5 involved in 5eed germination and 6elp5 plant5 to >5e <ater e((i*ientl'# @6ere doe5 ;PG *ome (romM P6o5p6or>5 o**>r5 in nat>ral geologi*al depo5it5# Depo5it5 *an &e (o>nd in t6e !#S# and ot6er part5 o( t6e <orld#
19
To ma=e t6e ;PG in p6o5p6ate ore 5ol>&le and availa&le (or plant5 to >5e, t6e Ore i5 *om&ined <it6 5>l(>ri* a*id and (>rt6er pro*e55ed to ma=e man' di((erent =ind5 o( p6o5p6ate (ertiliEer5#
3. POTASSIUM / POTASH (K):

Pota55i>m prote*t5 plant5 again5t 5tre55e5# Pota55i>m prote*t5 plant5 (rom *old <inter temperat>re5 and 6elp5 t6em to re5i5t inva5ion &' pe5t5 5>*6 a5 <eed5 and in5e*t5# Pota55i>m 5top5 <ilting, 6elp5 root5 5ta' in one pla*e and a55i5t5 in tran5(erring (ood# Pota55i>m i5 a reg>lator# It a*tivate5 plant enE'me5 and en5>re5 t6e plant >5e5 <ater e((i*ientl'# Pota55i>m i5 al5o re5pon5i&le (or ma=ing 5>re t6e (ood 'o> &>' i5 (re56# T6ro>g6 long,term nat>ral pro*e55e5 ;KG (ilter5 into t6e o*ean5 and 5ea5# Over time, t6e5e &odie5 o( <ater evaporate, leaving &e6ind mineral depo5it5# Alt6o>g6 5ome o( t6e5e depo5it5 are *overed <it6 5everal t6o>5and5 o( (eet o( eart6, it i5 mined a5 pota56 or pota55i>m *6loride# Pota56 ore ma' &e >5ed <it6o>t *ompleB *6emi*al *onver5ionF :>5t 5ome pro*e55ing i5 ne*e55ar' to remove imp>ritie5 5>*6 a5 *ommon 5alt#
MA:RO NUTRIENTS=
e5ide5 t6e t6ree ma*ro,n>trient5, t6ere are al5o 5everal mi*ro,n>trient5 ne*e55ar' in 5mall ?>antitie5 (or plant gro<t6# Mi*ro,n>trient5 are mainl' involved in meta&oli* rea*tion5 a5 a part o( enE'me5 <6ere t6e' are >5ed over and over <it6o>t &eing *on5>med# Nevert6ele55, t6eir (>n*tion5 are ver' 5pe*i(i* and *annot &e 5>&5tit>ted (or &' 5ome ot6er element# T6e5e in*l>de7 :$%ci "- M$n)$ne8e- Mo%+!#en " $n# ;inc#
10
&OOD &OR T,E GROWING WORLD= INDUSTRY AT A GLAN:E=

Sin*e 483. t6e ind>5tr' 6a5 <or=ed to promote t6e advan*e5 in t6e development and appli*ation o( (ertiliEer5 t6at 6ave 6elped to (eed a 6>ngr' <orld# T6e revol>tionar' *on*ept o( plant n>trition <a5 &orn (rom t6e di5*over' o( t6e &iologi*al role o( *6emi*al element5 in plant n>trition and t6e need to (eed a gro<ing pop>lation *on*entrated a<a' (rom t6e (arm in t6e ri5ing ind>5trial *enter5 o( t6e <orld# e*a>5e o( modern (ertiliEer5, <orld (ood prod>*tion 5in*e 4892 6a5 more t6an do>&led, =eeping pa*e <it6 t6e pop>lation eBplo5ion# Toda', t6e (ertiliEer ind>5tr' i5 poi5ed to prod>*ed t6e (ood t6at <ill &e needed to (eed t6e <orldI5 pro:e*ted 8 &illion people in 121-#
STATE REGULATION:
Li=e ot6er man>(a*t>red good5, (ertiliEer5 are reg>lated (or ?>alit' and 5a(et' at t6e (ederal and 5tate level5# Ever' 5tate in t6e *o>ntr' 6a5 it5 o<n (ertiliEer reg>lator' program, >5>all' admini5tered &' t6e 5tate department o( agri*>lt>re# State reg>lation i5 *on*erned <it6 *on5>mer prote*tion, la&eling, t6e prote*tion o( 6>man 6ealt6 and t6e environment, and t6e proper 6andling and appli*ation o( (ertiliEer5# FertiliEer5 are reg>lated at t6e 5tate level &e*a>5e 5oil *ondition5 var' dramati*all' (rom 5tate to 5tate a*ro55 t6e *o>ntr'#
13
A Di((erent level o( (ertiliEer n>trient5 in t6e 5oil, di((erent *rop5 %potatoe5 ver5>5 *orn, (or in5tan*e+ and di((erent <eat6er and *ropping pattern5 re?>ire 5tate,5pe*i(i* reg>lation# @6ere S*ien*e and 5a(et' *ome (ir5 t6e modern *ommer*ial (ertiliEer ind>5tr' <a5 (o>nded on t6e revol>tionar' 5*ienti(i* di5*over' in t6e la5t part o( 43 t6 *ent>r' t6at *6emi*al element5 pla' a dire*t role in plant n>trition# T6i5 initial *on*ept <a5 5>pported &' dire*t 5*ienti(i* eBperiment and opened t6e <a' (or ind>5trial,5*ale man>(a*t>ring o( (ertiliEer5 o( all t'pe5 in t6e 48 t6 *ent>r', &eginning <it6 5>per p6o5p6ate in 43/.# T6i5 <a5 (ollo<ed &' ammoni>m 5>lp6ate, 5odi>m nitrate and, (inall', in t6e (ir5t t<o de*ade5 o( t6e 12t6 *ent>r', t6e man>(a*t>ring o( 5'nt6eti* nitrogen (ertiliEer5 dire*tl' (rom atmo5p6eri* nitrogen#
ASSESSING FERTILIZER SAFETY:

FertiliEer re5ear*6 and development 6i5tori*all' 6ave &een (o*>5ed on maBimiEing e*onomi* *rop 'ield5 (rom given rate5 o( n>trient appli*ation# Sin*e t6e advent o( t6e modern environmental movement in t6e 48925, re5ear*6 6a5 al5o &een *on*erned <it6 minimiEing potentiall' adver5e 6>man 6ealt6 and environmental e((e*t5 (rom (ertiliEer man>(a*t>re and appli*ation# A5 a part o( it5 *ontin>ing *ommitment to 5a(et', in 4889# T6e FertiliEer In5tit>te initiated a *ompre6en5ive 5a(et' a55e55ment pro:e*t to determine t6e ri5=5, i( an', o( metal5 in (ertiliEer# Small amo>nt5 o( metal5 are (o>nd in p6o5p6ate and pota56 (ertiliEer5 d>e to t6eir pre5en*e in t6e minded ore &odie5#
18
In addition to p6o5p6ate and pota56 prod>*t5, 5ome mi*ron>trient (ertiliEer5# @6i*6 *ome (rom &ot6 mined ore5 and re*'*led <a5te5, al5o *ontain metal5#
FERTILIZERS PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT:

T6e e((i*ien*' >5e o( (ertiliEer al5o 6elp5 to *on5erve t6e nat>ral environment# @it6 (ertiliEer5 and modern 6ig6 'ield (arming pra*ti*e5, more (ood i5 prod>*ed per a*re ea*6, 5o land ma' &e *on5erved# FertiliEer5, >5ed properl', 6elp to prevent t6e <ide5pread lo55 o( 6a&itat t6at re5>lt5 (rom <a5te(>l ;Sla56 and &>rnG lo<,'ield (arming, <6i*6 i5 a ma:or glo&al environmental t6reat#
FERTILIZERS REDUCE GLOBAL
ARMING:
FertiliEer5 al5o 6elp to red>*e glo&al <arming &e*a>5e t6e' improve plant n>trition# T6ro>g6 en6an*ed P6oto56'nt6e5i5, 6ealt6' *rop5 give o(( more OB'gen, 6elping to &alan*e t6e Eart6I5 atmo5p6ere# It 6a5 &een e5timated t6at !#S# gro<t6 *rop5 relea5e >p to -22 million ton5 o( OB'gen into t6e atmo5p6ere ea*6 'ear#
FERTILIZERS ENHANCE CONSUMER PRODUCTS:

T6an=5 to FertiliEer5, (r>it5 and vegeta&le5 in a((orda&le a&>ndan*e, a5 ever'one =no<5# >t nitrogen %N+, p6o5p6oro>5 %P+ and pota55i>m %K+, t6e ma:or ingredient5 o( (ertiliEer5, al5o (orm5 t6e &a5i5 (or man' (amiliar ever'da' prod>*t5# For eBample, nitrogen i5 >5ed to ma=e nitri* a*id, a ma:or *omponent in &atterie5, tire5, la*?>er5 and
.2
paint# C6ange5 are 5oda 'o> drin= *ontain5 p6o5p6ori* a*id, derived (rom p6o5p6ate, and 'o>r (avorite &at6 5oap *ontain5 pota56#
FERTILIZERS AT
ORK IN INDUSTRY:
A5ide (rom t6eir &ene(it5 to agri*>lt>re, (ertiliEer *omponent5 are *entral to 5>*6 ind>5trial pro*e55 a5 5emi*ond>*tor *6ip ma=ing, re5in man>(a*t>re, *attle (eed prod>*tion, metal (ini56ing, t6e man>(a*t>re o( detergent5, (i&ergla55 in5>lation and more, even ro*=et (>el#
REVIE
OF LITERATURE
Sam5on Co5e %483-+ *ond>*ted a 5t>d' on training need a55e55ment in MRF t6e o&:e*tive o( 6i5 5t>d' <6ere and a5 *ertain training and development need5 =eeping in vie< t6eir pre5ent a55ignment and to 5>gge5t t6e &oard o>t line o( (ormal training program to meet t6eir need5# T6a'a=e56are %4889+ *ond>*ted a 5t>d' in Zonal training 56o>ld rail<a'5, Tri*6' on t6e e((e*tivene55 o( t6e training program t6e o&:e*tive o( t6e 5t>d' <a5 to (ind t6e e((e*tivene55 o( t6e training program and it <a5 reveled t6at t6e training e((e*tivene55 <a5 (o>nd to onl' at moderate level# In a 5t>d' *ond>*ted &' Ri*6ard C# or55etian 4898, it <a5 reported t6at <6en t6e train i5 t6em5elve5 indetit' t6eir training need5 and de5ign t6e *orre5ponding program5 'ield &etter re5>lt# Aggri5 4800, *ond>*ted a 5t>d' (or t6e e((e*tivene55 o( attaining organiEation o&:e*tive5 *an &e a*6ieved onl' t6o>g6 o>t identi(i*ation and met6od o( training# SaBena
.4
480- 6a5 evolved a gro>p approa*6 in identi(i*ation to training need5# Ra:a56e=aran 4889 *ond>*ted a 5t>d' on t6e identi(i*ation o( training need at AEL t6e 5t>d' evolved -2L
de5ponden*e identi(ied t6e need (or training to develop t6eir per5onalit', *omm>ni*ation 5=ill5, leader56ip ?>alitie5, Ind>5trial relation5, po5itive t6in=ing and motivation a5 t6e' (o>nd e55ential# In a 5t>d' o( $ovt# %4880+ 4/2 5tate govt# agen*ie5 in .2 5tate5 <ere 5>rve'ed# T6e 5>rgeon eBamined &a5i* ?>e5tion5 related to t6e a55e55ment o( t6e training need5 *olle*tion o( a55e55ment data, training met6od >5ed, and training evol>tion# N>inine5, Mig>el %4883+, attended to a n>m&er o( *onteBt>al (a*tor5 it m>5t &e *on5ider in t6e de5ign and implementation o( t6e training program training pro*e55 (raming o( training a55ignment and organiEation o( *limate#
.1
:OMPANY PRO&ILE
..
:OMPANY PRO&ILE
INTRODU:TION=
$odavari (ertiliEer5 and *6emi*al limited, Ka=inada %pre5entl' CFL+ <a5 (ormed in 4834 a5 a :oint vent>re &et<een $overnment on And6ra Prade56 and Indian (armer5 *ooperative limited %IFFCO+, to 5et >p a DAP man>(a*t>ring (a*ilit' at Ka=inada# Sin*e it5 in*orporation on 40t6 De*em&er 4831 a5 a private limited *ompan', $odavari FertiliEer5 and C6emi*al5 limited %$FCL+ 6a5 5een man' *6ange5 and (a*ed man' *6allenge5# It <a5 *onverted into a p>&li* limited *ompan' in t6e 'ear 483/# It *ame o>t <it6 p>&li* i55>e d>ring Ma' 4839# It 5tarted it5 mar=et,5eeding program in 483-, and (rom a 5ingle prod>*t *ompan' it 6a5 no< &e*ome a m>lti, prod>*t *ompan' o((ering DAP, NPK *ompleB (ertiliEer5, Mi*ro N>trient5, @ater 5ol>&le FertiliEer5, et*# $FCL 6ad 5et >p a (a*tor' at Ka=inada (or man>(a*t>re o( DAP, <it6 an initial *apa*it' o( . la=6 tone5 at a pro:e*t *o5t o( R5#423 *rore5# $FCL no< *ommand5 a 5igni(i*ant mar=et 56are in all it5 addre55a&le mar=et5# Over a period o( time t6e *apa*it' 6a5 in*rea5ed to 42 la* tone5 t6ro>g6 de,&ottlene*=ing d>ring 122.,29# D>ring 1229,20 t6e *ompan' 6a5 prod>*ed 44#.- la* tone5# $FCL <a5 t6e (ir5t *ompan' in AP to promote t6e e?>it' *>lt>re among t6e (armer5 and *ooperative5# Man' *ooperative5 and (armer5 &e*ame 56are 6older5 o( $FCL and man' o( t6em *ontin>ed to &e t6e 56are6older5 even toda'# T6e man>(a*t>ring (a*ilit' 5it>ated at Ka=inada in And6ra Prade56 6a5 got a total land o( nearl' 022 a*re5# It 6a5 got dedi*ated &ert6 at near&' port# T6e plant i5 <ell
./
*onne*ted &' rail<a' 5idling and t6e road# T6e plant 6andle5 li?>id *argo p6o5p6ori* a*id, ammonia and 5>lp6>ri* a*id >nloading t6ro>g6 dedi*ated pipeline5# T6e government dive5ted it5 56are6olding in $FCL to *oromendel FertiliEer5 Limited on C>l' 41t6 122. and t6>5 $FCL &e*ame part o( M>r>gappa $ro>p# CFL made an open o((er to (>rt6er a*?>ire >p to 12L o( t6e e?>it'# Po5t dive5tment, CFL and IFFCO 6eld <a5 --#20L and 1-L re5pe*tivel'# @it6 e((e*t (rom 45t Fe&r>ar' 1223, $FCL merged <it6 *oromandel FertiliEer5 Limited p>r5>ant to a 5*6eme o( amalgamation approved &' t6e 6onora&le 6ig6 *o>rt o( And6ra Prade56 &' an order dated 43t6 De*em&er 1220#*erti(eid *opie5 o( t6e 5aid *o>rt order 6ave &een (illed <it6 t6e regi5trar o( *ompanie5, mini5tr' o( *ompan' a((air5# On 4 5t Fe&r>ar' 1223 and t6e merger 6a5 &e*ome e((e*tive on 45t Fe&r>ar' 1223# Con5e?>ent to t6e 5aid merger, t6e &>5ine55 operation5 o( $FCL *arried on in t6e name o( *oromandel FertiliEer5 Limited# T6erea(ter, CFL dive5ted -L ea*6 to MH5# $ro>p *6emi?>e T>ni5ien, T>ni5ia and MH5# Fo5=o5or, So>t6 A(ri*a# D>ring Can>ar' 1220, CFL 5igned a 56are p>r*6a5e agreement <it6 IFFCO to a*?>ire it5 1-L 56are6olding in $FCL# CFL al5o made an open o((er to p>&li* 56are6older5
.-
:OROMANDEL &ERTILI;ERS VISION- MISSION AND P,ILOSOP,Y= VISSION:

To &e t6e leader in p6o5p6ati* (ertiliEer ind>5tr', prod>*ing 6ig6 ?>alit' (ertiliEer5 at lo< *o5t and giving 5ati5(a*tion to all 5ta=e 6older5#
MISSION:
To en6an*e t6e pro5perit' o( (armer t6ro>g6 5>ppl' o( ?>alit' (arm inp>t5 and related 5ervi*e to en5>re val>e (or mone'#
PHILOSOPHY:
T6e (>ndamental prin*iple o( e*onomi* a*tivit' i5 t6at no man 'o> tran5a*t <it6 <ill lo5eF t6en 'o> 56all not#G > Arth$8$8tr$
VALUES AND *ELIE& O& :OROMANDAL &ERTILISERS=
Ad6ere to et6i*al norm5 in all dealing5 <it6 56are6older5, emplo'ee5, *>5tomer 5>pplier5, (inan*ial in5tit>tion5 and government#
Provide val>e (or mone' to *>5tomer5 t6ro>g6 ?>alit' prod>*t5 and 5ervi*e5# Treat o>t people <it6 re5pe*t and provide opport>nitie5 to learn *ontri&>te and advan*e re*ogniEe and re<ard initiative, innovativene55 and *reativit'
.9
An organiEational *limate *ond>*tive to tr>5t, open *omm>ni*ation and team 5pirit a 5t'le o( operation5 &e (itting o>r 5iEe# Manage environment a((e*tivel' (or 6arne55ing opport>nitie5#
Di5*6arge re5pon5i&ilitie5 to vario>5 5ele*tion5 o( 5o*iet' and pre5erve environment#
O*9E:TIVES O& :OROMANDEL &ERTILAI;ERS TO NATION
To *ond>*t pro(ita&le prod>*t5 di5tri&>tion (or t6e <ealt6 o( nation# To provide good ret>rn on *apital to t6e inve5tor5 and diver5it' t6e ind>5tr' <it6 agri*>lt>re progre55#
To promote 5o>nd *ommer*ial poli*ie5 and *ompetitive mar=eting e((ort5 in 5erving *>5tomer5, to t6e di5tri&>tor5#
Imparting re?>ired =no<ledge and adaptation o( improved pra*ti*e to t6e (armer5 in a*6ieving &etter agri*>lt>ral prod>*tivit'#
To derive e5teemed *ooperation o( *o,promoter5 in *apital and re5o>r*e5 >tiliEation and adoption o( innovative and proven met6od5 in prod>*tion and maintenan*e#
To evolve a parti*ipate 5t'le o( management <6i*6 en5>re good <or= et6i*5, :o& 5ati5(a*tion and &etter <age5, promotion and *areer gro<t6 and pro5perit'#
!p6olding t6e ri*6 6eritage, *>lt>re and pre5tige o( t6e 5o*iet' and 5erve5 to<ard5 t6e e*onomi* gro<t6 and pro5perit' o( t6e people#
.0
STRENGT,S O& :OROMANDEL &ERTILI;ERS=
Coromandel FertiliEer5 i5 one o( t6e large5t (ertiliEer plant (ormed to *ore >p de(i*ien*' o( re?>ired n>trient5 in t6e 5oil in di((erent part5 o( A#P# and ot6er pla*e5 in India#
It 6a5 eB*ellent port (a*ilitie5 in Ka=inada, it 6a5 good terminal (a*ilitie5 to 6andle import H eBported *ommoditie5 and (>rt6er improvement5#
S>r(a*e tran5port and *omm>ni*ation net<or= ena&le 5peed movement5 o( material5 on nodal point5 in di((erent mar=eting Eone5#
Among NPK grade DI,AMMONI!M PAOPAATE 43,/9 grade5 i5 main 5o>r*e o( nitrogen and p6o5p6oro>5 <6i*6 i5 P12- *ontent5 and 6a5 ea5il' 5aila&le in <ater and t6i5 DI,AMMONI!M PAOPAATE 6a5 &e*ome pop>lar >nder reveling *ondition5#
TE:,NI:AL &EATURES O& :OROMANDEL &ERTILI;ERS=

Coromandel FertiliEer5 o( Ka=inada 6a5 Di,Ammoni>m p6o5p6ateH *ompleB (ertiliEer plant %DAPHNPK+ <it6 5l>rr' gran>lation ro>te# T6e plant 6a5 &een provided <it6 t<o train5 and <a5 de5igned &' MHS Aind>5tan Dorroliver ltd# vario>5 grade5 o( (ertiliEer5 are prod>*ed in t6i5 5e*tion# Along <it6 (ertiliEer >nit, t6e plant i5 al5o provided <it6 ne*e55ar' o((5ite (a*ilitie5, de5igned &' MHS To'o Engineering India ltd, 6aving ammonia, p6o5p6ori* a*id, and 5>lp6>ri* a*id >nloading, 5torage and tran5(er (a*ilitie5# T6i5 5e*tion 6a5 al5o &een provided all ot6er >titilitie5 li=e 5team generation >nit, <ater treatment plant, 5ervi*e Air
.3
and In5tr>ment Air 5>ppl' 5'5tem5# T6e o((5ite 5 5e*tion 5>pplie5 all t6e ne< material5 and >tilitie5 re?>ired (or t6e entire (ertiliEer *ompleB o( Ka=inada plant# T6e >nit 6a5 al5o &een provided <it6 &>l= 5torage 5ilo5 o( t<o n>m&er5 6aving a total *apa*it' o( /2,222 MT to 5tore t6e prod>*t *oming (rom DAPHNPK plant a5 re?>ired# It 6a5 al5o &een provided <it6 t<o n>m&er5 o( &agging plant5, 6aving &agging, 5tit*6ing ma*6ine5 and ot6er a55o*iated (a*ilitie5 to &ag t6e material# T6e 5e*tion 6a5 al5o &een provided <it642 &agging ma*6ine5, . plat(orm5 and lengt6' rail<a' tra*= (or 5toring t6e &agged prod>*t and t6en loading it into rail <agon5# T6e material i5 di5pat*6ed &' &ot6 rail and road# Coromendel al5o operate5 a :ett' at Ka=inada 5ea port5 ltd (or >nloading imported ra< material5# Ammonia, p6o5p6ori* a*id and 5>lp6>ri* a*id re*eived t6ro>g6 56ip5 are >nloaded at t6i5 :ett' and dire*tl' p>mped to t6e tan=5 in t6e plant area5 t6ro>g6 dedi*ated pipelined o( a&o>t 1#0 KM in lengt6# T6e plant <a5 *ommi55ioned in 4833 <it6 in5talled *apa*it' o( .#2 la=6 metri* tone5 per an>m o( Di,Ammoni>m p6o5p6ate# It <a5 later revamped to /#01 la=6 metri* tone5 per an>m in 488- &' in*ite*, A>5tralia and t6en to 3#.1 la=6 metri* tone5 in t6e 'ear 1224 &' I*ro, Spain# T6i5 (a*ilitated t6e diver5i(ied prod>*t range <it6 addition o( .-,4/, 41,.1,49, 42,19,19 grade5# A(ter t6e revamp5, *ontin>o>5 in 6o>5e improvement <ere ta=en >p <it6 introd>*tion o( pipe rea*tor5 in &ot6 train5 to in*rea5e t6e *apa*it' and ot6er de&ottlene*=ing a*tivitie5 to red>*e t6e do<ntime leading to pre5ent ann>al *apa*it' o( 41 la=6 metri* tone5 per ann>m# 4/,
.8
Fa*ilitie5 (or 5pe*ialt' n>trient5 prod>*t5 li=e <ater 5ol>&le (ertiliEer5 %@SF+ <ere al5o added (rom t6e 'ear 1229 to meet t6e diver5i(ied re?>irement5 o( vario>5 (armer5
REGIONAL MAR<ETS O&&I:E ARE SPREADED OVER TO

St$te And6ra Prade56 !ttar Prade56 Mad6'a Prade56 Ma6ara5tra Karnata=a P%$ce Ka=inada, K>rnool, Di:a'a@ada, A'dera&ad L>*=no< 6opal Nagp>r Rai*6>r
VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS AND &UN:TIONS DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING:

T6e plant maintenan*e and &>dgeting (or t6e plant and it5 planning and preventive mea5>re5 (or a**ident5 are >nderta=ing &' t6i5 department#
DEPARTMENT OF OPERATIONS:
Man>(a*t>ring o( t6e prod>*t5 li=e DAP and ot6er prod>*t5 all t6at *ome5 >nder t6i5 department and t6eir operation5 to get t6e &e5t re5>lt5#
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCT HANDLING AND BAGGING:
/2
Aandling o( t6e pro:e*t5 a(ter t6e man>(a*t>ring pro*e55 o( t6e prod>*t and t6e ta5= o( &agging properl' <it6o>t an' damage5 o( tran5portation <ill &e >nderta=en on t6i5 department#
DEPARTMENT OF OFFSITE:
T6e department loo=5 a(ter t6e &oiler5 and 56ip loading and >nloading o( t6e prod>*t5 t6at *ome5 >nder and al5o t6e ammonia i5 *ontrol room eBi5ting in t6e plant#
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS:
T6e (inan*ial loo=5 a(ter t6e p>r*6a5ing i55>e5 li=e ra< material &ag5 and ammonia et*#, <6i*6 ever i5 needed (or t6e plant in order to maintain t6e man>(a*t>ring pro*e55#
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL AUDIT:

T6i5 department loo=5 a(ter t6e li*en5ing i55>e5 and rene<al5 o( t6e (orm5 t6at are needed (or t6e organiEation government report5 and management o( in(ormation 5'5tem are &eing >nder ta=en &' t6i5 department#
DEPARTMENT OF DISTRIBUTION:
T6i5 department get5 t6e order (orm5 (rom t6e regional manager5 <6o are lo*ated at vario>5 pla*e5 in t6e *o>ntr'F t6e order5 are di5tri&>ted to 5>*6 pla*e5#
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS:
/4
T6i5 department loo=5 a(ter t6e me*6ani*al i55>e5 <6i*6 are needed (or t6e pro*e55ing a*tivitie5 in t6e plant are &eing 6andled &' t6i5 department#
DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY! HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT:

T6i5 department 6andle5 t6e 5a(et' 6ealt6 and environment *are5 (or t6e organiEation a5 t6e5e are ver' ne*e55ar' (or t6e organiEation in order to 6ave a prodigio>5 li(e in t6eir organiEation (or t6e emplo'ee5#
MAN POWER PARTI:ULARS IN :OROMANDEL &ERTILI;ERS=

DEPARTMENT Se*retarial Te*6ni*al Admini5tration Material5 Finan*e Mar=eting Tot$% EMPLOYEE NUM*ER / 1// -3 43 40 17AA
,UMAN RESOUR:E MANAGEMENT= RECRUITMENT:

Coromandel FertiliEer5 i5 re*r>iting 6i5 emplo'ee5 in 1 <a'5#
T6e management 5ta(( T6e non,management 5ta(( T6e management 5ta(( re*r>it5 at *orporate o((i*e# T6e non management 5ta((
re*r>itment <ill &e done on t6e need &a5i5#
' po5ting an ad in ne<5 paper or t6ro>g6 *on5>ltant5#
/1
S*r>tiniEing t6e re5>me5# @ritten te5t# Per5onnel intervie< or AR intervie<# Ind>*tion and on t6e :o& training#
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL:
T6e per(orman*e apprai5al o( t6e management 5ta(( i5 done t<i*e in a 'ear# T6e non,management 5ta(( done on*e in a 'ear#
AGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION:

T6e <age 5tr>*t>re and t6e <age *omponent5 are ver' m>*6 attra*tive (or t6e emplo'ee5 <it6 good in*rement5#
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS:
T6e ind>5trial relation5 are *ordial in Coromandel FertiliEer5 emplo'ee5 (ollo< good di5*ipline# T6e r>le and reg>lation5 are (ollo<ed <ell &' t6e emplo'ee5#
TRADE UNIONS:
T6ere i5 onl' one >nion <it6 Coromandel FertiliEer5 i#e#, emplo'ee a55o*iation#
MAINTENANCE:
/.
T6e <el(are a*tivitie5 li=e 5tat>tor' and non,5tat>tor' are providing <ell (or t6e 5tate o( emplo'ee5 <ell &eing#
SAFETY:
Ever' emplo'ee in Coromandel FertiliEer5 i5 =no<n a&o>t 5a(et' pre*a>tion5 to &e ta=en <it6 in t6e plant# Sa(et' program5 are given &' CFL ever' mont6 (or t6e emplo'eeI5 5a(et' a<arene55#
LEAVES:
Ca5>al Leave5 K 41 Si*= Leave5 K 41 Earned leave5 , 41
SHIFTS:
Coromandel FertiliEer5 6a5 . 56i(t5 and general 56i(t5 are a5 (ollo<57
SHIFT
A S6i(t S6i(t C S6i(t $eneral S6i(t
TIMINGS
9#22 am to 1#22 pm 1#22 pm to 42#22 pm 42#22 pm to 29#22 am 3#22 am to 2/#.2 pm
//
COMMUNICATIONS:
Comm>ni*ation5 in Coromandel FertiliEer5 are t6ro>g6 p6one5, *omp>ter5, and meeting5, noti*e &oard5, 5iren5# T6e' are (ollo<ing <a' o( *omm>ni*ation in t6e plant and in t6e organiEation#
POLI:IES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:

Coromandel FertiliEer5, Ka=inada, leading man>(a*t>re5 o( P6o5p6ori* CompleB FertiliEer5 are *ommitted to optimiEing t6e intere5t o( t6e 56are 6older5 in &>5ine55 <6ile *ontin>o>5l' improving t6e environmental per(orman*e &'7
Compl'ing <it6 all appli*a&le environmental legi5lation, reg>lation5 and ot6er re?>irement5#
OptimiEing t6e >5age o( ra< material >tilitie5 and energ'# Prevention o( poll>tion, minimiEing <a5te generation, promoting re*over', re*'*le and re>5e#
Maintaining green *over in and aro>nd t6e plant# Creating environmental a<arene55 among all emplo'ee5 ) *ontra*t <or=man t6ro>g6 *omm>ni*ation, training and parti*ipation#
PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POLICY:
/-
Coromandel FertiliEer5, given topmo5t priorit' to prote*t t6e 6ealt6 and 5a(et' o( it5 emplo'ee5 and t6e *omm>nit', and prote*t t6e environment and *ompan' a55et5# Coromandel FertiliEer5 i5 *ommitted to a pro*e55 5a(et' management 5'5tem <6i*6 *on(orm5 to t6e &e5t availa&le pra*ti*e5 in o>r ind>5tr', to *ontin>o>5l' in*rea5e t6e 5a(et' a<arene55 o( all t6e emplo'ee5# Coromandel FertiliEer5 i5 dedi*ated in maintaining a 5a(et' *>lt>re <6i*6 re?>ire5 total involvement o( all emplo'ee5 and reorganiEation t6at t6e management o( pro*e55 6aEard5 i5 a part o( ever' emplo'eeI5 :o&#
ENERGY MANAGEMENT POLICY:

Coromandel FertiliEer5 a mem&er o( M>r>gappa gro>p o( *ompanie5 are *ommitted to *on5erving 5*are and irrepla*ea&le energ' re5o>r*e5 and to ma=e t6e *ompan' one o( t6e mo5t energ' e((i*ient man>(a*t>ring (a*ilitie5 in M>r>gappa 5e*tor o( ind>5tr'# Coromandel FertiliEer5 56all ta=e all ne*e55ar' 5tep5 d>ring te*6nolog' 5ele*tion, in5tallation, operation and maintenan*e o( plant5H e?>ipment to *on5erve energ' and to *reate among emplo'ee5 o( ;energ' *on5ervationG t6ro>g6 training and parti*ipation in t6e pro*e55 o( *on5ervation#
GROUP :OMPANIES=
T6e M>r>gappa gro>p 6a5 18 *ompanie5 a*tive in t6e area5 o( engineering, (ertiliEer5, (inan*e, &io,prod>*t5 and plantation5# T6e ma:or *ompanie5 o( t6e gro>p are 7
/9
Cor&or>nd>m !niver5al Ltd# C6olamandalam Inve5tment and Finan*e Compan' Ltd# Coromandel FertiliEer5 Ltd EID Part' India Ltd# $odavari FertiliEer5 Ltd# . coro"$n#e% intern$tion$%/ Parr' Agro and N>tra*e>ti*al5 Ltd# T>&e Inve5tment5 o( India Ltd#
THE OTHER COMPANIES ARE:
Am&adi Enterpri5e5 Ltd# C6olmandalam Di5tri&>tion Servi*e5 Ltd# C6olamandalam MS $eneral In5>ran*e Compan' Ltd# C6olamandalam M>t>al and Ri5= Servi*e5 and Se*>ritie5 Ltd# C6olamandalam Engineering Ltd# Kadamane E5tate5 Compan'#
AWARDS
Ye$r 483/ A($r#8 $n# Acco%$#e8 e5t Dire*tor A<ard and 5e*ond e5t prod>*tion a<ard in Pro(# K#D# $opala5<am'
/0
Memorial All India Pla'let5 Competition5 (or ;Deed6i Nata=amG pre5ented &' $odavari Fertili5er5 and C6emi*al5 Limited# 4839 4839 Fir5t PriEe (or e5t >dget, AP# >rea> o( P>&li* Enterpri5e5# A<arded Fir5t PriEe in Agri*>lt>ral EB6i&ition 6eld at Ka=inada (or EB6i&ition 5tall p>t >p &' $odavari Fertili5er5 and C6emi*al5 Limited# 4839 A<arded ; e5t EB6i&ition StallG in Ed>pa'ala Cat6ara in Meda= Di5tri*t (or EB6i&ition 5tall p>t >p &' $odavari Fertili5er5 and C6emi*al5 Limited# 4830 4833 Tran5<orld Trade Fare Sele*tion K $old,medal in re*ognition FAPCCI a<ard , DP Agar<al Rolling Trop6' (or t6e &e5t e((ort in Internal Mar=eting development (rom t6e Federation o( And6ra Prade56 C6am&er5 o( Commer*e and Ind>5tr' %FAPCCI+# 4838 ; e5t Mar=eteerG , Ra56tri'a C6emi*al5 and Fertili5er5 Limited
4882,4884
National !nit' A<ard (rom at -t6 All India National !nit' Con(eren*e 6eld at A'dera&ad on 40#21#4882#
4881 4881,488.
e5t Plant Engineer A<ard K 4881 (rom Indian In5tit>te o( Plant Engineer5 and Mar=eting# $ood Prod>*tivit' and Mar=eting A<ard K 4881 &' t6e Co>n*il (or Ind>5trial and Trade Development %CITD+, A'dera&ad#
488.,488/
Camnalal a:a: !*6it D'ava6ar P>ra5=ar (or Fair >5ine55 Pra*ti*e5 &' Co>n*il (or Fair >5ine55 Pra*ti*e5 in re*ognition o( di5ting>i56ed *ontri&>tion to t6e promotion o( t6e *ode o( *ond>*t laid do<n &' t6e *o>n*il#
488/,488-
DP Agar<al Rolling Trop6' (or t6e &e5t e((ort in Internal Mar=et development (rom %FAPCCI+#
488-,4889
Se*ond e5t A<ard &' t6e National Sa(et' Co>n*il, AP C6apter (or Sa(et', Ao>5e Keeping
/3
and @el(are amenitie5 on t6e o**a5ion o( National Sa(et' Cele&ration5# 1222,1224 1222,1224 FAI A<ard (or t6e e5t Overall Per(orman*e in P6o5p6ati* CompleB Fertili5er !nit5# National A<ard (or EB*ellen*e in Energ' Management &' CII# Con(ederation o( Indian Ind>5tr'I5 %CII+ A<ard (or t6e ;EB*ellen*e in Energ' ManagementG (or t6e 'ear 1222,1224# T6e Compan' 6a5 &een ad:>dged a5 one o( t6e energ' e((i*ient >nit5 among t6e top 11 ind>5trie5 in India# T6e *erti(i*ation <a5 re*eived (rom AonI&le Mini5ter (or Ele*tri*it', $ovt# o( Tamil Nad> on 41t6 De*em&er, 1224 at C6ennai# 1224,1221 Corporate Environmental A<ard in re*ognition (or leader56ip e((ort5 to<ard5 environmental and 5>5taina&le initiative5 among5t *orporate5 <it6 t>rnover a&ove -22 *rore r>pee5 &' TERI# T6e Compan' 6a5 parti*ipated in Tata Environmental Re5ear*6 In5tit>te %TERI+ Corporate Environmental A<ard# TERI *omplimented t6e good <or= &eing done &' t6e Compan' in t6e (ield o( environmental prote*tion and energ' *on5ervation# T6e *a5e 5t>d' 5>&mitted &' t6e Compan' 6a5 &een appre*iated and <a5 5ele*ted (or p>&li*ation a5 one o( t6e &e5t *a5e 5t>die5# 1224,1221 122.,122/ 122/,122122/,122A<ard (or O>t5tanding *ontri&>tion to<ard5 Energ' Con5ervation &' APPC A<ard (or t6e ; e5t Overall P6o5p6ati* CompleB Fertili5er !nit5G (rom FAI A<ard (or Improvement in Overall Per(orman*e in P6o5p6ati* Fertili5er >nit5 (rom FAI Commendation PriEe (or Energ' Initiative5 at National Convention on Energ' Initiative5 (rom A#P#Prod>*tivit' Co>n*il, A'dera&ad 122/,122122-,1229 1229,1220 1229,1220 Compan' *erti(ied (or ISO,4/224 7 122/ &' MH5#DND# Compan' *erti(ied (or ISO,8224 7 1222 &' MH5#DND# e5t Prod>*tion Per(orman*e A<ard >nder *ompleB (ertiliEer5 %P1O-+ *ategor' (rom FAI Energ' E((i*ient !nit A<ard (or energ' per(orman*e (rom CII,$odre: $ C
/8
1229,1220
Ma' Da' A<ard (or
e5t Management (or t6e o>t5tanding *ontri&>tion in Ind>5trial
Relation5, La&o>r @el(are ) Prod>*tivit' (rom $ovt# o( A#P# 1229,1220 CFL,Ka=inada and DiEag Plant5 6ave &agged Certi(i*ate o( Appre*iation A<ard (or e5t Sa(et' pra*ti*e5 *overing >nder PSMS (rom A#P# $ovt# on t6e o**a5ion o( .0t6 National Sa(et' Da' on /t6 Mar*6, 1223# A<ard5 are re*eived &' Mr D#Ravi*6andran, MD o( CFL (rom Mr $# Dinod, AonI&le Mini5ter (or La&o>r and Emplo'ment# 1220,1223 Commendation Certi(i*ate in appre*iation (or e((ort5 in Energ' Con5ervation in t6e Fertili5er5 Se*tor (or %1220+ , (rom $ovt# o( India# 1220,1223 Amit' AR EB*ellen*e A<ard (rom Amit' International >5ine55 S*6ool on t6e o**a5ion o( t6e /t6 Amit' $lo&al AR S>mmit 1220# 1220,23 CFL, Ka=inada a*6ieved ;Commendation Certi(i*ate (or Strong Commitment to EB*elG (rom CII# Mr#S#$ovindara:an, Sr#DP ) Aead o( M(g# and Mr#I#R#$#Ra:>, $M,M(g# 6ave re*eived t6i5 Certi(i*ate d>ring CIII5 49t6 N>alit' S>mmit 6eld on 9#44#1223 in angalore# 1223,1228 Certi(i*ate o( Merit (or Energ' Con5ervation in Fertili5er Se*tor (rom $ovt# o( India# CFL, Ka=inada Plant, <a5 a<arded a Certi(i*ate o( Merit in t6e Fertili5er5 Se*tor (or t6e National Energ' Con5ervation A<ard5 K 1223 in appre*iation o( it5 e((ort5 in energ' *on5ervation# Mr I#R#$#Ra:>, $eneral Manager K Man>(a*t>ring, Ka=inada Plant, re*eived t6e Certi(i*ate o( Merit (rom t6e AonI&le Mini5ter o( Po<er, Sri S>56il K>mar S6inde d>ring t6e National Energ' Con5ervation Da' A<ard5 *eremon' at Ne< Del6i on 4/#41#1223 1223,1228 A<ard (or e5t Dideo Film (rom FAI CFL re*eived a pre5tigio>5 A<ard >nder e5t Dedio Film *ategor' (or it5 ad (ilm on O$ROMOR NPK 48 48 48 @ater Sol>&le Fertili5er %Spe*ialt' prod>*t+ (or t6e 'ear 1223, (rom t6e Fertili5er5 A55o*iation o( India %FAI+ Ne< Del6i# Dr $#Ravi Pra5ad, Sr#Di*e Pre5ident %Sale5 ) M=tg+ re*eived t6e A<ard (rom Sri At>l C6at>rvedi, IAS, Se*retar' %Fertili5er5+ d>ring t6e FAI Ann>al Seminar at Ne< Del6i on
-2
29#41#1223
1223,1228 1223,1228 1223,28
Fir5t PriEe in t6e Ao>5e MagaEine *ategor' at t6e P>&li* Relation5 National A<ard5# CFL ran=ed in t6e Top 12 e5t Emplo'er5 in t6e >5ine55 Toda' K Mer*er , TNS 5>rve'# A<ard (or P e5t overall per(orman*e o( an operating (ertili5er >nit (or *ompleB (ertili5er5 (or t6e 'ear 1223,28 &' Fertilier A55o*iation o( India, Ne< Del6i#
TRAINING SYSTEMS IN :&L 60 POLI:Y AND APPROA:,=

Training i5 an integral part o( ARD# Coromandel FertiliEer5 &elieve5 t6at t6e AR <6i*6 manage5 ot6er re5o>r*e5 m>5t &e &etter e?>ipped in order to meet t6e *6allenge5 o( t6e (a5t *6anging environment# Training i5 identi(ied a5 an important &>5ine55 5trateg' (or improved prod>*tivit', pro(ita&ilit' and (or t6e re?>i5ite attit>dinal *6ange5 among emplo'ee5 to en5>re t6at t6e training a*tivitie5 are relevant and rein(or*e# >5ine55 re5>lt5,
t6e environment 5tr>*t>re and 5'5tem5 (or training m>5t &e de5igned in a 5'5temati* and *oordinated manner# T6i5 do*>ment aim5 to provide ne*e55ar' g>ideline5 (or t6e *ompan'I5 approa*6 to training#
TRAINING POLICY :
T6e *ompan' i5 *ommitted to t6e (ollo<ing poli*' on training7 T6e *ompan' <o>ld e5ta&li56 and *omm>ni*ate a 5'5tem (or planning implementation and eval>ation o( training to impart 6ig6 ?>alit' training a*ro55 t6e organiEation#
-4
T6e training 56all &e totall' need &a5ed ever' e((ort <o>ld &e made to meet t6e training need5 o( emplo'eeI5# T6e o&:e*tive5 o( ever' training program <ill &e *learl' e5ta&li56ed and t6e re5>lt5 eval>ated# T6e *ompan' <o>ld *learl' allo*ate t6e re5pon5i&ilit' (or training at *orporate and (a*>lt' level5# T6e *ompan' 56all provide ever' 'ear a training &>dget to meet t6e eBpen5e5 on training#
NEED &OR ,0R0D

T6e trainer5 5ele*ted (or t6e program5 are &ot6 internal and eBternal# T6ere <ill &e meting &et<een *oordinate and line manager, 5o t6at t6e' *an >5e a&o>t t6e training program5 *ond>*ted &' ARD# A5 a *orporate poli*', Coromandel FertiliEer5 give5 top priorit' to *>5tomer poli*' 5ervi*e and 5ati5(a*tion# A5 a part o( t6i5 priorit' to *>5tomer training program5# T6e program5 are de5igned to (amiliariEe t6an <it6 *on5tr>*tional and operation a5pe*t5, e?>ipment, &e6avior >nder vario>5 5ervi*e *ondition5, maintenan*e te*6ni?>e5 and pro*ed>re5# T6e met6od5 (ollo<ed in t6e Coromandel FertiliEer5 are le*t>re, 5'ndi*ate, gro>p di5*>55ion, *a5e 5t>d', gro>p eBer*i5e, pre5entation, 5en5itivit' training#
-1
T,E
TRAINING
PROGRAMS
:ONDU:TED
:OROMANDEL
&ERTILI;ERS IN ARE=
$eneral management program5, leader56ip and management, 6>man pro:e*t5, development and *6ange, ?>alit', prod>*tivit', 5a(et', te*6ni*al *omp>ter5#
DI&&EREN <INDS O& PROGRAMS7

T6ere are t<o =ind5 o( training program57
Internal EBternal
E"TERNAL
Strategi* pro(ita&ilit' program *ond>*ting &' M#D5 o( M>r>gappa $ro>p# Creativit' 5=ill5 in pro&lem 5olving (or middle and 5enior level engineer5 *ond>*ting &' engineering 5ta(( *ollege o( India, A'dera&ad#
A>ditor training *o>r5e &a5ed ISO 8224,1222 (or *on(ederation o( Indian Ind>5trie5 %CII+ and in5tit>te o( C6ennai#
One da' a<arene55 training program ISO 4/2224,122/ &' DND, A'dera&ad# T<o da'5 <or=56op on ;Creativit' and innovation (or *ompetitivene55G *ond>*ting &' national prod>*tivit' *o>n*il, A'dera&ad#
-.
Spe*ialiEed training program (or 5a(et' *ommittee *ond>*ting &' Central la&or In5tit>te, om&a'#
Program on (ire prote*tion and emergen*' *ond>*ting &',<6en,it 5tri=e5# Se*ond gro>p <6ite R ) D *ond>*ting &' M>r>gappa gro>p5#
INTERNAL
@in to @in# Sa(e Operating pro*ed>re5# A<arene55 o( In*ome TaB ISO 8224 K 1222 AR EB*ellen*e# Fir5t Aid Training Aealt6 A<arene55 program5#
-/
--
-9
T,EORETI:AL &RAMEWOR<
-0
T,EORETI:AL &RAME WOR<

INTRODU:TION TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT=
Ever' organiEation need5 to 6ave <ell trained and eBperien*ed people to per(orm t6e a*tivitie5 t6at 6ave to &e done# I( t6e *>rrent or potential :o& o**>pant *an meet t6i5 re?>irement, training i5 not important# >t <6en t6i5 i5 not t6e *a5e, it i5 ne*e55ar' to rai5e t6e 5=ill level and in*rea5e t6e de*line in prod>*tivit' or *6ange5 re5>lting o>t o( :o& rede5igning or a e((ort5# A5 t6e :o&5 &e*ome more *ompleB, t6e importan*e o( emplo'ee a*tivit' t6at an organiEation m>5t *ommit re5o>r*e5 to i( it i5 to maintain a via&le and =no<ledge <or= (or*e# Training, ed>*ation and development are t6ree term5 (re?>entl' >5ed# On t6e (or*e o( it, t6ere mig6t not appear an' di((eren*e &et<een t6em, &>t <6en a deep t6o>g6t i5 given, t6ere appear 5ome di((eren*e &et<een t6em# In all training t6ere i5 5ome ed>*ation and in all ed>*ation t6ere i5 5ome training# And t6e t<o pro*e55e5 *an not &e 5eparated (rom development# Pre*i5e de(inition i5 not po55i&le and *an &e mi5leading# per5on 6ave >5ed t6e5e a*tivitie5 in di((erent <a'5# >t di((erent
NEED &OR TRAINING

Ever' organiEation &ig or 5mall, prod>*tive or non,prod>*tive, e*onomi* or 5o*ial, old or ne<l' e5ta&li56ed 56o>ld provide training to all emplo'ee5 irre5pe*tive o( t6eir ?>ali(i*ation, 5=ill, 5>ita&ilit' (or t6e :o& et*# t6>5 , no organiEation *an *6oo5e <6atever or not to train emplo'ee5#
-3
Training i5 not 5omet6ing t6at i5 done on*e to ne< emplo'ee5F it i5 >5ed *ontin>o>5l' in ever' <ell r>n e5ta&li56ed# F>rt6er, te*6nologi*al *6ange5, a>tomation, re?>ire >p,dating t6e 5=ill and =no<ledge# A5 5>*6 an organiEation 6a5 to retain t6e old emplo'ee5#
SPECIFICALLY! THE NEED FOR TRAINING ARISES DUE TO THE FOLLO ING REASONS:
To mat*6 t6e emplo'ee 5pe*i(i*ation <it6 t6e :o& re?>irement5 and organiEational need5# OrganiEational via&ilit' and t6e tran5(ormation pro*e55#
Te*6ni*al advan*e5#
OrganiEational *ompleBit'#
A>man relation5#
C6ange in :o& a55ignment#
THE NEED FOR TRAINING ALSO ARRASES TO:

In*rea5e prod>*tivit' Improve ?>alit' o( t6e prod>*t or 5ervi*e Aelp a *ompan' to (>l(ill it5 (>t>re per5onnel need5# Improve organiEational *limate#
-8
Improve 6ealt6 and 5a(et' Prevent o&5ole5*en*e E((e*t t6e per5onal gro<t6# MinimiEe t6e re5i5tan*e to *6ange#
IMPORTAN:E O& TRAINING

T6e importan*e o( training 6a5 &een eBpre55ed in t6i5 <ord7G Training i5 <idel' a**epted pro&lem, 5olving devi*e# Indeed, o>r national 5>periorit' in manpo<er prod>*tivit' *an &e attri&>ted in no 5mall mea5>re5 to t6e 5>**e55 o( o>r ed>*ational and ind>5trial training program5# T6i5 5>**e55 6a5 &een a*6ieved &' a tenden*' in man' ?>arter5 to regard training a5 pana*ea# It i5 almo5t traditional in Ameri*a to &elieve t6at, i( 5omet6ing i5 good, more o( t6e t6ing5 i5 even &etter# Aen*e <e ta=e more vitamin pill5 to 5olve per5onal 6ealt6 pro&lem and more training to 5olve t6e manpo<er pro&lem5# Over t6e >nder,emp6a5i5 o( training 5tem5 largel' inade?>ate re*ognition and determination o( training need5 and o&:e*tive5# T6e' 5tem al5o (rom la*= o( re*ognition o( t6e per5onal te*6ni?>e5 o( modern ind>5trial training program5G#
92
STEPS IN TRAINING PRO*LEM=

Training program5 are *o5tl' a((air, and a time *on5>ming pro*e55# T6ere(ore t6e' need to &e dra(ted ver' *are(>ll'# !5>all' in t6e organiEation o( training program5, t6e (ollo<ing 5tep5 are *on5idered ne*e55ar'# Di5*overing or identi('ing t6e training need5# $etting read' (or t6e :o& Preparation o( t6e learner Pre5entation o( operation and =no<ledge# Per(orman*e tr',o>t Follo<,>p and evol>tion o( program
94
:LASSI&I:ATION O& TRAINING MET,ODS
Training met6od5
On T6e Co&
Co& Rotation Coa*6ing Co& In5tr>*tion Apprenti*e56ip M>ltiple Management Te*6ni?>e5
O(( T6e Co&

Le*t>re5 Con(eren*e5 Ca5e St>die5 Role pla'ing Sim>lation De5ti&>le
ON T,E 9O* TRAINING=

Dirt>all' ever' emplo'ee, (rom t6e *ler= to *ompan' pre5ident, get5 5ome ;on t6e :o& trainingG, <6en 6e :oin5 a (irm# T6at i5 <6' @illiam5 Tra*l' *all5 it ;t6e mo5t *ommon, t6e mo5t <idel' >5ed and a**epted, and mo5t ne*e55ar' met6od o( training emplo'ee5 in t6e 5=ill5 e55ential (or a**epta&le (or per(orman*e# Trainee5 earn a5 t6e' learn >nder t6e <at*6(>l e'e5 o( a ma5ter me*6ani* or *ra(t5man, re*eive immediate (eed&a*=, and pra*ti*e in t6e a*t>al <or= environment,
91
a55o*iate <it6 t6e 5ame people t6e' <ill <or= <it6 a(ter training# !nder t6i5 te*6ni?>e, an emplo'ee i5 pla*ed in a ne< :o& and i5 told 6o< it ma' &e per(ormed# It i5 primaril' *on*erned <it6 developing in an emplo'ee a repertoire o( 5=ill5 and 6a&it5 *on5i5tent <it6 t6e eBi5ting pra*ti*e5 o( an organiEation, and <it6 orienting 6im to 6i5 immediate pro&lem5# It i5 mo5tl' given (or >n5=illed and 5emi5=illed :o&5 *leri*al and 5ale5 :o&5# Emplo'ee5 are *oa*6ed and in5tr>*ted &' 5=illed *o,<or=er5, &' 5>pervi5or5, &' t6e 5pe*ial training in5tr>*tor5# T6e' learn t6e :o& &' per5onal o&5ervation and pra*ti*e a5 <ell a5 o**a5ionall' 6andling it# It i5 learning &' doing, and it i5 mo5t >5e(>l (or :o&5 t6at are eit6er di((i*>lt to 5tim>late or *an &e learned ?>i*=l' &' <at*6ing and doing# T6ere are varietie5 o( on t6e :o& training met6od5, 5>*6 a5 ;*oa*6ingG or ;>nder5t>d'GF :o& rotationF and 5pe*ial a55ignment# !nder *oa*6ing or >nder5t>d' met6od %<6i*6 i5 al5o =no<n a5 Ointern56ipI and Oapprenti*e56ipI met6od+ t6e emplo'ee i5 trained on t6e :o& &' 6i5 immediate 5>perior# OIntern56ipI i5 >5>all' applied to managerial per5onnel and provide5 <ide variet' o( :o& eBperien*e, o(ten involving :o& rotation, or an a55ignment to t'pe o( pra*ti*e# OApprenti*e56ipI i5 generall' >5ed to impart 5=ill5 re?>iring long period5 o( pra*ti*e a5 (o>nd in trade, *ra(t5 and ot6er te*6ni*al (ield5# In :o& rotation, a management trainee i5 made to move (rom :o& to :o& at *ertain interval5# T6e :o&5 var' in *ontent# On t6e :o& training i5 made more e((e*tive &' t6e >5e o( a variet' o( training aid5 and te*6ni?>e5, 5>*6 a5 pro*ed>re *6art5, le*t>re man>al5, 5ample pro&lem5, demon5tration, oral and <ritten eBplanation5, tape re*order5 and ot6er aid5#
9.
#OB ROTATION:
;Co& rotation i5 o(ten de5igned (or &eginning level manager5 <6ile planned progre55ion i5 more li=el' to o**>r at 6ig6er managerial level5G# S>*6 rotation ma' *ontin>e (or a period ranging (rom 9 mont65 to 1/ mont65# T6i5 met6od provide5 a great deal o( :o& eBperien*e (or t6o5e <6o are potential eBe*>tive5 <6o need &roadening o( o>tloo= and an in*rea5ed >nder5tanding o( vario>5 a5pe*t5 o( management# T6e emp6a5i5 i5 on diver5i(ied in5tead o( 5pe*ialiEed 5=ill5 and =no<ledge# !nder t6i5 met6od, t6e trainee5 are rotated over vario>5 ro>tine :o&5 in a department, divi5ion or >nit &e(ore t6e' are d>e (or promotion a5 manager5# T6e idea i5 to impart an overall =no<ledge and (amiliarl' <it6 t6e di((erent 5e*tional :o&5 %5>*6 a5 &>ilding, i55>ing *6allna5, preparing in5pe*tion5 note5, 5etting rail<a' *laim5, 6andling *>5tomer a**o>nt5, et*# in t6e 5ale5 department+ &e(ore t6e' are po5ted a5 manager5 in t6e department# T6i5 5e*>re a *ompromi5e &et<een over 5pe*ialiEation even (rom t6e lo<e5t mo5t ro>tine level, and a minim>m o( 5pe*ial 5=ill5 and eBperti5e ne*e55ar' (or middle level manager5# It al5o in*l>de5 moving people &et<een line and 5ta(( po5ition5#
THE COACHING METHOD:

Coa*6ing i5 a met6od <6i*6 i5 >5ed in developing managerial t6in=ing pro*e55e5 a5 <ell a5 operative 5=ill5# In *oa*6ing, t6e 5>perior pla'5 t6e role o( t6e g>ide and t6e in5tr>*tor# T6e *oa*6 5et5 5ome m>t>all' agreed >pon goal5 and tall t6e trainee <6at 6e <ant5 to &e done, 5>gge5t 6o< it mig6t &e done, (ollo< >p 5>gge5tion5, and *orre*t error5# Ae 6elp t6e trainee live >p to t6e5e goal5 t6ro>g6 periodi* revie<5 o( t6e traineeI5 progre55 and &' 5>gge5ting modi(i*ation in 6i5 &e6avior <6ere needed# T6e o&:e*tive o( *oa*6ing i5
9/
not onl' to tea*6 and g>ide a 5>&ordinate in t6e per(orman*e o( 6i5 immediate a55ignment5 &>t al5o provide 6im <it6 diver5i(ied <or= 5o t6at 6e ma' gro< and progre55#
#OB INSTRUCTION TRAINING (#IT):

T6>5 met6od i5 ver' pop>lar in t6e 5tate5 (or preparing 5>pervi5or5 to train operative5# T6e CIT met6od re?>ire5 5=illed trainer5, eBten5ive :o& anal'5i5, training 5*6ed>le5, and prior a55e55ment o( t6e traineeI5 :o& =no<ledge# T6i5 met6od i5 al5o =no< a5 ;Training t6ro>g6 5tep &' 5tepG# It involve5 li5ting all ne*e55ar' 5tep5 in t6e :o&, ea*6 in proper 5e?>en*e# T6e5e 5tep5 56o< <6at i5 to &e done# Along 5ide ea*6 5tep i5 al5o
li5ted a *orre5ponding ;=e' pointG, <6i*6 56o< 6o< it i5 to &e done and <6'# T6e CIT met6od provide5 immediate (eed&a*= on re5>lt5, ?>i*= *orre*tion o( error5, and provi5ion o( eBtra pra*ti*e <6en re?>ired# Ao<ever, it demand a5 5=illed trainer and *an inter(ere <it6 prod>*tion and ?>alit'#
APPRENTICESHIP :
For training in *ra(t5, trade5 and in te*6ni*al area5 apprenti*e56ip training i5 t6e olde5t and t6e mo5t *ommonl' >5ed met6od# E5pe*iall' <6en pro(i*ien*' in a :o& i5 t6e re5>lt o( a relativel' long training period o( 1 to . 'ear5# For per5on o( 5>perior a&ilit' and (rom /,- 'ear5 (or ot6er5# T6e (ield in <6i*6 apprenti*e56ip training i5 o((ered are n>mero>5 and range (rom t6e :o& o( a dra>g6t5man, a ma*6ini5t, a printer, a tool,ma=er, pattern de5igner, a me*6ani*, *arpenter5, <eaver5, (itter5, :e<eler5, engraver5, and ele*tri*ian5# A ma:or part o( training time i5 5pent on, t6e K:o& prod>*tive <or=# Ea*6 apprenti*e i5 given a per(orman*e o( a55ignment5 a**ording to a pre determined 5*6ed>le, <6i*6 provide5 (or e((i*ient training in trade 5=ill5#
9-
THE MULTIPLE$MANAGEMENT TECHNI%UES:

It i5 a te*6ni?>e <6ere &' :>nior5 are a55igned to &oard or *ommittee5, &' t6e *6ie( eBe*>tive# T6e' are a5=ed to parti*ipate in deli&eration5 o( t6e5e &oard5 and *ommittee5, in t6e5e 5e55ion5, real li(e a*t>al pro&lem5 are di5*>55ed, di((erent vie<5 are de&ated and de*i5ion5 are ta=en# T6e :>nior5 get an opport>nit' to 56are in managerial de*i5ion ma=ing, to learn &' <at*6ing ot6er5 and to delve into 5pe*i(i* organiEational pro&lem5# @6en *ommittee5 are o( ;ad 6o*G or temporar' nat>re, t6e' o(ten ta=e a ta5= (or*e a*tivitie5 de5igned to delve into a parti*>lar pro&lem, a5*ertain alternative5 5ol>tion5, and ma=e a re*ommendation (or implementing a 5ol>tion# T6e5e emplo'ee5 gro<t6# On t6e ot6er 6and, appointment to permanent *omitie5 in*rea5e t6e emplo'ee5 eBpo5>re to ot6er mem&er o( t6e organiEation, &roaden5 6i5 >nder5tanding, and given 6im an opport>nit' to gro< and ma=e re*ommendation5 >nder t6e 5*r>tin' o( ot6er *ommittee mem&er5#
O&> T,E> 9O*> TRAINING=

;O( t6e :o& trainingG 5impl' mean5 t6at training i5 not a part o( ever'da' :o& a*tivit'# T6e a*t>al lo*ation ma' &e in t6e *ompan' *la55,room or on pla*e5 <6i*6 are o<ned &' t6e *ompan', in >niver5itie5 or a55o*iation5 <6i*6 6ave no *onne*tion <it6 t6e *ompan'#
T,IS MET,OD :ONSISTS O&=

Le*t>re5 Con(eren*e5 Role pla'ing
99
Sim>lation De5ti&>le
LECTURES (OR CLASS ROOM INSTRUCTION):

Le*t>re5 are regarded a5 one o( t6e 5imple5t <a'5 o( imparting =no<ledge to t6e trainee5, e5pe*iall' <6en (a*t5, *on*ept5, or prin*iple5, attit>de5, t6eorie5 and pro&lem, 5olving are to &e ta>g6t# Le*t>re5 are (ormal organiEed tal=5 &' training 5pe*iali5t5, t6e (ormal 5>perior or ot6er individ>al 5pe*i(i* topi*5# T6e le*t>re5 met6od5 *an &e >5ed (or ver' large gro>p5 <6i*6 are to &e trained <it6 in a 56ort time, t6>5 red>*ing t6e *o5t per trainee# It *an &e organiEed rigoro>5l' 5o t6at idea5 and prin*iple5 relate properl'# Le*t>re5 are e55ential <6en it i5 a ?>e5tion o( imparting te*6ni*al or 5pe*ial in(ormation o( a *ompleB nat>re# T6e' >5>all' enlivened <it6 di5*>55ion5, (ilm 56o<5, *a5e 5t>die5, role pla'ing and demon5tration5 a>dio vi5>al aid5 en6an*e t6eir val>e#G T6e le*t>re met6od i5 not dead a5 5ome <o>ld &elieve#G T6e 6and5 o( a&le le*t>rer5, and (or *ertain =ind o( p>rpo5e5 and parti*ipant5, it ma' t>rn o>t to &e more intere5ting and e((e*tive t6an an' ot6er met6od5#
CASE STUDIES:
T6i5 met6od <a5 (ir5t developed in 43225 &' C6ri5top6er lang dell at t6e Aarvard La< S*6ool to 6elp 5t>dent5 to learn (or t6em5elve5 &' independent t6in=ing and &' di5*overing in t6e ever, tangled 5=ein o( 6>man a((air5, prin*iple5 and idea5 <6i*6 6ave la5ting validit' and general appli*a&ilit'# A *ollateral o&:e*t i5 to 6elp t6em develop 5=ill5 in >5ing t6eir =no<ledge#
90
;T6e *a5e 5t>d' i5 &a5ed >pon t6e &elie( t6at managerial *ompeten*e *an &e5t &e attained t6ro>g6 t6e 5t>d', *ontemplation, and di5*>55ion o( *on*rete *a5e5# T6e *a5e i5 5et o( data %real or (i*tional+, <ritten or oral miniat>re de5*ription and 5>mmar' o( 5>*6 data t6at pre5ent i55>e5 and pro&lem5 *alling (or 5ol>tion5 or a*tion on t6e part o( t6e trainee# @6en t6e trainee5 are given *a5e5 to anal'Ee, t6e met6od o((er5 to t6e trainee5 matter (or re(le*tion and &ring5 6ome to t6em a 5en5e o( t6e *ompleBit' o( li(e a5 oppo5ed to t6eoreti*al 5impli(i*ation o( and pra*ti*e5 in t6e de*i5ion ma=ing pro*e55# It diagno5i5 and deal5 <it6 real,li(e 5it>ation5# T6e *a5e 5t>d' i5 primaril' >5e(>l a5 a training te*6ni?>e (or 5>pervi5or and i5 e5pe*iall' val>a&le a5 a te*6ni?>e o( developing de*i5ion, ma=ing 5=ill5 and (or &roadening t6e per5pe*tive o( t6e trainee#
ROLE PLAYING:
T6i5 met6od <a5 developed &' Moreno, a Denetian p5'*6iatri5t# Ae *oined t6e term5 ;Role pla'ing#G ;Role rever5alG, ;So*io,dramaG, ;P5'*6odramaG, and a variet' o( 5pe*ialiEed term5, <it6 emp6a5i5 on learning 6>man relation 5=ill5 t6ro>g6 pra*ti*e and in5ig6t into one5 o<n &e6avior and it5 e((e*t >pon ot6er5# It 6a5 &een de(ined a5 ;a met6od o( 6>man intera*tion <6i*6 involve5 reali5ti* &e6avior in t6e imaginar' 5it>ationG# A5 Norman ma:or 6a5 pointed o>t, a ;role pla'ing eBperien*e 5oon demon5trate t6e gap &et<een Ot6in=ingI and OdoingI# T6e idea o( role pla'ing involve5 a*tion, doing and pra*ti*e#G In role pla'ing, trainee5 a*t o>t a given role a5 t6e' <o>ld in a 5tage pla'# T<o or more trainee5 are a55igned part5 to pla' &e(ore t6e re5t o( t6e *la55# T6e5e part5 do not involve an' memoriEation o( line5 or re6ear5al5# T6e role, pla'er5 are 5impl' in(ormed o( a
93
5it>ation and o( t6e re5pe*tive role t6e' 6ave to pla'# Sometime5 a(ter t6e preliminar' planning, t6e 5it>ation i5 a*ted o>t &' t6e role pla'er5# Role pla'ing primaril' involve5 emplo'ee, emplo'er relation56ip5,6iring, (iring, di5*>55ing a grievan*e pro*ed>re, *ond>*ting a po5t,apprai5al intervie< or di5*iplining a 5>&ordinate or a 5ale man ma=ing a repre5entation to a *>5tomer#
SIMULATION:
Sim>lation i5 a te*6ni?>e <6i*6 d>pli*ate5, a5 nearl' a5 po55i&le, t6e a*t>al *ondition5 en*o>ntered on a :o&# T6e ve5ti&>le training met6od or t6e &>5ine55 game met6od5 are eBample5 o( &>5ine55 5im>lation5# Sim>lation te*6ni?>e5 6ave &een mo5t <idel' >5ed in t6e aerona>ti*al ind>5tr'# Trainee intere5t and emplo'ee motivation are &ot6 6ig6 in 5im>lation eBer*i5e &e*a>5e t6e a*tion o( a trainee *lo5el' d>pli*ate real :o& *ondition5# T6i5 training i5 e55ential in *a5e5 in <6i*6 a*t>al on,t6e,:o& pra*ti*e mig6t re5>lt in a 5erio>5 in?>ir', a *o5tl' error, or t6e de5tr>*tion o( val>a&le material5 or re5o>r*e5# It i5 (or t6i5 rea5on t6at t6e te*6ni?>e5 are a ver' eBpen5ive one#
VESTIBULE TRAINING:
T6i5 met6od attempted to d>pli*ate on,t6e,:o& 5it>ation in a *ompan' *la55room# It i5 a *la55room training <6i*6 i5 o(ten imparted <it6 t6e 6elp o( t6e e?>ipment and ma*6ine5 <6i*6 are identi*al <it6 t6o5e in >5e in t6e pla*e o( <or=# T6i5 te*6ni?>e ena&le5 t6e trainee to *on*entrate on learning t6e ne< 5=ill rat6er t6an on per(orming an a*t>al :o&# In ot6er <ord5, it i5 geared to d>tie5# T6eoreti*al training i5 given in t6e *la55room, <6ile t6e pra*ti*al <or= i5 *ond>*ted on t6e prod>*tion line#
98
It i5 a ver' e((i*ient met6od o( training 5emi,5=illed per5onnel, parti*>larl' <6en man' emplo'ee5 6ave to &e trained (or t6e 5ame time# It i5 o(ten >5ed to train *ler=5, &an= teller5, in5pe*tor5, ma*6ine operator5, te5ter5, t'pi5t5, et*# it i5 mo5t >5e(>l <6en p6ilo5op6i* *on*ept5, attit>de5, t6eorie5 and pro&lem,5olving a&ilitie5 6ave to &e learnt# Training i5 generall' given in t6e (orm o le*t>re5, *on(eren*e5, *a5e 5t>die5, role, pla'ing and di5*>55ion#
IMPROVING E&&E:TIVENESS O& TRAINING=

T6e training program *an &e made e((e*tive and 5>**e55(>l i( t6e (ollo<ing 6int5 are *on5idered7 Spe*i(i* training o&:e*tive5 56o>ld &e o>tlined on t6e &a5i5 o( t6e t'pe5 o( per(orman*e re?>ired to a*6ieve organiEational goal5 and o&:e*tive5# An a>dit o( per5onal need *ompared <it6 operational re?>irement5 <ill 6elp to determine t6e 5pe*i(i* training need5 o( individ>al emplo'ee5# T6i5 eval>ation 56o>ld (orm a <ell,de(ined 5et o( per(orman*e 5tandard5 to<ard5 <6i*6 ea*6 trainee 56o>ld &e dire*ted# Attempt 56o>ld &e made to determine i( t6e trainee 6a5 t6e intelligen*e, mat>rit', and motivation to 5>**e55(>ll' *omplete t6e training program5# I( de(i*ien*ie5 are noted in t6e5e re5pe*t5 t6e training ma' &e po5tponed or *an*eled till improvement5 are vi5i&le# T6e trainee 56o>ld &e 6elped to 5ee t6e need (or training &' ma=ing 6im a<are o( t6e per5onal &ene(it 6e *an a*6ieve t6ro>g6 &etter per(orman*e# Ae 56o>ld &e
02
6elped to di5*over t6e re<ard5 and 5ati5(a*tion5 t6at mig6t &e availa&le to 6im t6ro>g6 *6ange5 in &e6avior# T6e training program 56o>ld &e planned 5o t6at it i5 related to t6e traineeI5 previo>5 eBperien*e and &a*=gro>nd# T6i5 &a*=gro>nd 56o>ld &e >5ed a5 a (o>ndation (or ne< development and ne< &e6avior# Attempt5 56o>ld &e made to *reate organiEational *ondition5 t6at are *ond>*tive to a good learning environment# It 56o>ld &e made *lear <6' *6ange5 are needed# An' di5tra*tion5, in t6e <a' o( training environment, 56o>ld &e removed# T6e 5>pport o( t6e >pper level5 o( management 56o>ld &e o&tained &e(ore appl'ing training at lo<er level5# I( ne*e55ar', a *om&ination o( training met6od5 56o>ld &e 5ele*ted 5o t6at variet' i5 permitted and a5 man' a5 o( t6e 5en5e a5 po55i&le are >tiliEed# It 56o>ld &e re*ogniEed t6at all t6e trainee5 do not progre55 at t6e 5ame rate# T6ere(ore, (leBi&ilit' 56o>ld &e allo<ed in :>dging t6e rate5 o( progre55 in t6e training programme# I( po55i&le, t6e per5onal involvement or a*tive parti*ipation o( t6e trainee5 56o>ld &e got in t6e training programme# Ae 56o>ld &e got in t6e training programme# Ae 56o>ld &e provided <it6 opport>nit' to pra*ti*e t6e ne<l' needed &e6avior norm5# A5 t6e trainee a*?>ire ne< =no<ledge, 5=ill5 or attit>de and applie5 t6em in t6e :o& 5it>ation, 6e 56o>ld &e 5igni(i*antl' re<arded (or 6i5 e((ort5#
04
T6e trainee5 56o>ld &e provided <it6 reg>lar, *on5tr>*tion (eed&a*= *on*erning 6i5 training and implementation o( t6e ne<l' a*?>ired a&ilitie5#
T6e trainee 56o>ld &e provided <it6 per5onal a55i5tan*e <6en 6e en*o>nter5 learning o&5ta*le5#
A SYSTEMATI: VIEW O& TRAINING

T6e training pro*e55 involve5 . ma:or 5tep5# T6e' are NeedQ5 A55e55ment, Development and Eval>ation#
(A) NEED&S ASSESSEMENT:

T6e (ir5t 5tep in training i5 to determine <6et6er a need (or trainig a*t>all' eBi5t5 or not# An organiEation 56o>ld *ommit itQ5 re5o>r*e5 to training a*tivit' onl' t6e training *an &e eBpe*ted to a*6ieve 5ome organiEational goal5# T6e de*i5ion to *ond>*t training m>5t &e &a5ed on t6e &e5t availa&le data, <6i*6 i5 *olle*ted &' *ond>*ting a NeedQ5 A55e55ment# It i5 al5o a 5'5temati*, o&:e*tive determination o( training need5, <6i*6 involve5 *ond>*ting . primar' t'pe5 o( anal'5i5#
OrganiEation anal'5i5 Co& Anal'5i5 Pero5nnel Anal'5i5
01
(B) DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING PROGRAMME :

A(ter needQ5 a55e55ment 6a5 &een *ond>*ted and t6e AR pro(e55ional i5 *on(ident t6at training i5 needed to addre55 t6e per(orman*e pro&lem or advan*e t6e (irmQ5 mi55ion, t6e training program i5 developed# T6i5 i5 to 5et >p e((e*tive pre*ondition5 (or learning 5o t6at t6e trainee5 <ill &e prepared (or t6e training program# Learning prin*iple5 56o>ld &e revie<ed and integrated into t6e de5ign o( training program and t6e material5# Trainee5 m>5t &e read' to learn &e(ore t6e' pla*ed in an' training program# To en5>re t6i5, it 56o>ld &e determined <6et6er trainee5 are traina&le and 6ave t6e a&ilit' and motivation to learn# T6e' 56o>ld tr' to gain t6e 5>pport o( trainee5 and t6eir 5>pervi5or prior to a*t>all' implementing t6e training program#
Traina&ilit' S>pport o( t6e Trainee5 and Ot6er5 Tran5(er o( Training#
PURPOSES O& TRAINING

Training i5 re?>ired (or 5everal p>rpo5e5# A**ordingl' training program5 ma' &e o( t6e (ollo<ing t'pe57
ORIENTATIONAL TRAINING :
Introd>*tion or orientation training 5ee=5 to ad:>5t ne<l' appointed emplo'ee5 to t6e <or= environment# Ever' ne< emplo'ee need5 to &e ma=e (>ll' (amiliar <it6 6i5 :o&, 6i5 5>perior5, 5>&ordinate5 and <it6 t6e r>le5 and reg>lation5 o( t6e organiEation# Introd>*tion
0.
training *reate5 5el(,*on(iden*e in t6e emplo'ee5# It i5 al5o =no< a5 per,:o& training it i5 &rie( and in(ormative#
SAFETY TRAINING :
Training provided to minimiEe a**ident5 and damage to ma*6iner' i5 =no<n a5 5a(et' training# It involve5 in5tr>*tion in t6e >5e o( 5a(et' devi*e5 and in 5a(et' *on5*io>5ne55#
#OB TRAINING :
It re(er5 to t6e training provided <it6 a vie< to in*rea5e t6e =no<ledge and 5=ill5 o(
an emplo'ee (or improving per(orman*e on t6e :o&# Emplo'ee5 ma' &e ta>g6t t6e *orre*t met6od5 o( 6andling e?>ipmentI5 and ma*6ine5 >5ed in a :o&#
PROMOTIONAL TRAINING =
It involve5 training o( eBi5ting emplo'ee5 to ena&le t6em to per(orm 6ig6er level
:o&5# Emplo'ee5 <it6 potential are 5ele*ted and t6e' are given training &e(ore t6eir promotion 5o t6at t6e' do not (ind it di((i*>lt to 56o>lder t6e 6ig6er re5pon5i&ilitie5 or t6e ne< po5ition5 to <6i*6 t6e' are promoted#
TRAINING PRO:EDURE
The i"port$nt 8tep8 in tr$inin) proce# re $re=
PREPARING THE INFRASTRUCTURE

T6e in5tr>*tor m>5t =no< &ot6 t6e :o& to &e ta>g6t and met6od to tea*6 it# T6e :o&
m>5t &e divided into logi*al part5 5o t6at ea*6 *an &e ta>g6t at a proper time <it6o>t t6e
0/
trainee lo5ing plan (or ea*6 one 56o>ld 6ave in mind t6e de5ire te*6ni?>e o( in5tr>*tion, t6at i5, <6et6er a parti*>lar point i5 &e5t ta>g6t &' ill>5tration, demon5tration, or eBplanation# A 5erio>5 and *ommitted in5tr>*tor m>5t
Kno< t6e :o& or 5>&:e*t 6e i5 attempting to tea*6# Aave t6e aptit>de and a&ilitie5 to ea*6# Aaving <illingne55 to<ard5 t6e pro(e55ion# Aaving a plea5ing per5onalit' and *apa*it' (or leader56ip Aave t6e =no<ledge o( tea*6ing prin*iple5 and met6od5#
ADVANTAGES O& TRAINING=

T6e *ontri&>tion o( impa*ting training to a**ompan' 56o>ld &e readil' apparent# T6e ma:or val>e5 are7
1. INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY :
An in*rea5e in 5=ill >5>all' re5>lt5 in*rea5e in &ot6 ?>alit' and ?>antit' o( o>tp>t# Ao<ever, t6e in*rea5ingl' te*6ni*al nat>re o( modern :o&5 demand5 5'5temati* training to ma=e po55i&le even maBim>m level5 o( a**ompli56ment#
2. SELF$STYLED MORALE
Po55e55ion o( needed 5=ill5 6elp5 to meet 5>*6 &a5i* 6>man need5 a5 5e*>rit' and ego 5ati5(a*tion# Colla&orate per5onnel and 6>man relation5 program5 *an ma=e a
0-
*ontri&>tion to<ard morale, &>t t6e' are 6ollo< 56ell5 i( t6ere i5 no 5olid *ore o( meaning(>l <or= do<n <it6 =no<ledge, 5=ill and pride#
3. REDUCED SUPERVISION :
T6e trained emplo'ee i5 one <6o *an per(orm <it6 limited 5>pervi5ion &>t greater independen*e i5 not po55i&le >nle55 t6e emplo'ee i5 ade?>atel' trained# More a**ident5 are *a>5ed &' =no<ledge de(i*ien*ie5 in people t6an &' de(i*ien*ie5 in e?>ipment and <or=ing *ondition5# Proper training in &ot6 :o& 5=ill5 and 5a(et' attit>de5 56o>ld *ontri&>te to<ard5 a red>*tion in t6e a**ident rate#
DEVELOPMENT=
T6e term Development re(er5 &roadl' to t6e nat>re and dire*tion o( *6ange ind>*ed in emplo'ee5, parti*>larl' managerial per5onnel t6ro>g6 t6e pro*e55 o( training and ed>*ative pro*e55# National Ind>5trial Con(eren*e (ollo<57 Managerial Development i5 all t6o5e a*tivitie5 and programme5 <6en re*ogniEed and *ontrolled, 6ave 5>&5tantial in(l>en*e in *6anging t6e *apa*it' o( t6e individ>al to per(orm 6i5 a55ignment &etter and in doing 5o are li=el' in in*rea5e 6i5 potential (or (>t>re a55ignment5 T6>5, managerial development i5 not merel' training or a *om&ination o( vario>5 training programme5, t6o>g6 5ome =ind o( training i5 ne*e55ar' it i5 t6e overall development o( t6e *ompeten*' o( managerial per5onnel in t6e lig6t o( t6e pre5ent re?>irement a5 <ell a5 t6e (>t>re re?>irement# oard 6a5 de(ined development a5
09
In da'I5 *ompetitive environment, an organiEation 6a5 to &e *on*erned a&o>t t6e development# Development in t6e preparation and ed>*ation o( manage to e((e*tivel' manger t6eir people <6ile at t6e 5ame time a*6ieving t6e 5trategie5 and goal5 o( t6eir *ompan' #Development in a *ontin>o>5 pro*e55 and 5ee=5 to &eing *6ange in trainee manger5 &' *>ltivating t6eir mental and in6erent ?>alitie5# a&o>t &e6avior
THE MA#OR %UALITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ARE:$
T6e *ontin>ing improvement and development o( pre5ent manager5# Provi5ion5 o( an ade?>ate n>m&er o( <ell ?>ali(ied manager5 (or t6e (>t>re# Optim>m >tiliEation o( man po<er o( t6e organiEation# Prevention o( managerial a&5en*e#
AN EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME TO ACHIEVE TO ABOVE MENTIONED OB#ECTIVES SHOULD INCLUDE THE
FOLLO ING :$
%a+ %&+ A *are(>ll' *on5idered plan and organiEation and (or *arr'ing o>t t6e programme# A periodi* apprai5al or eval>ation o( ea*6 manager regarding 6i5 per(orman*e in t6e vario>5 5tage5 o( development >nder t6e programme# %*+ A *ontin>o>5 appli*ation and 5>pport (rom top management#
00
A n>m&er o( management met6od5 are availa&le #An'one o( t6em *an *ontri&>te to t6e o&:e*tive5 o( t6e organiEation &>t onl' i( t6e te*6ni?>e5 i5 pr>dentl' 5ele*ted, diligentl' and rigoro>5l' eval>ated# O(ten te*6ni?>e5 are >5ed in t6e *om&ination in long term development programme# Some o( t6e5e te*6ni?>e5 are7 4# Coa*6ing and *o>n5eling# 1# Co& Rotation .# Con(eren*e H di5*>55ion# /# Programmed and *omp>ter aid in5tr>*tion# -# Role pla'ing# 9# Team gro>p training#
(1) COACHING AND COUNSELING :$

T6i5 i5 one o( t6e mo5t pop>lar management development te*6ni?>e5 <6ere e((e*tive 5enior manager tea*6 t6e ne< manager5# T6e *oa*6 5>perior 5et5 a good eBample o( <6at a manager doe5 <6ile doing a&o>t dail' &>5ine55# T6e ne< manager eBempli(ie5 t6e *orre*t &e6avior attit>de5, a55igned 5pe*i(i* and *6allenging goal5 and provide5 trainee5 <it6 (re?>ent and immediate (eed &a*= *on*erning t6eir :o& per(orman*e# T6e *oa*6 al5o delegate5 eno>g6 a>t6orit' to t6e trainee5 to ma=e 5ome de*i5ion5# T6i5 approa*6 not onl' provide5 opport>nitie5 to learn &>t allo<5 a (eeling o( 5el( *on(iden*e to develop# T6e &road o&:e*tive o( 5>*6 a *oa*6ing H*o>n5eling approa*6
03
in to in*rea5e emplo'ee motivation <it6 t6eir 5>perior, *on*rete (eed &a*= on area5 needing improvement and po5itive en(or*ement#
(2) #OB ROTATION:$

OMove t6e manager aro>nd O6a5 o(ten &een prea*6ed &' management K trainer5 and ed>*ationi5t5# @6en t6e manager i5 moved (rom one department to anot6er, it give5 6im a &road eBpo5>re to t6e 5trengt6 and <ea=ne55 o( t6e *ompan' and m>*6 &etter >nder5tanding t6en 6e *o>ld ot6er<i5e po55e55#
(3) GUIDED CONFERENCE DISCUSSIONS:$

T6e g>ided di5*>55ion5 t'pe o( *on(eren*e in an improvement over 5traig6t le*t>ring, t6e in5tr>*tor =no<n in advan*e <6at in(ormation or pro*ed>re 6e <ant5 to &ring o>r , and g>ide5 t6e di5*>55ion5 a**ordingl'#
(') PROGRAMMED AND COMPUTER AID INSTRUCTIONS:$

Programmed in5tr>*tion5 are &a5ed on *ertain &e6avioral la<5 t6at relate to prin*iple5 o( rein(or*ement# T6e important (eat>re5 o( programmed in5tr>*tion5 are t6at it provide5 immediate (eed &a*= on <6et6er t6e parti*ipant5 an5<ered *orre*tl' or not# To (a*ilitate t6i5 , t6e in5tr>*tion are de5igned in 5>*6 a <a' t6at all (>t>re learning depend on re?>i5ition and retention o( previo>5 learning #Programmed in5tr>*tion5 *an and 6ave &een developed in *omp>ter aided (ormat #In 5>*6 a (ormat ,a manger 5it at a *omp>ter terminal <it6 a monitor # T6e *omp>ter i5 programmed <it6 t6e training material5# Comp>ter,aided in5tr>*tion5 i5 no< &een >5ed in a <ide variet' o( management development programme5# T6e potential (or *omp>ter &a5ed training i5 virt>all' >nlimited# It i5 generall' agreed t6at
08
&e*a>5e o( 5>*6 advantage a5 5el( pa*ing, priva*', immediate (eed &a*= *onvenien*e and adopta&ilit', it <ill &e*ome one o( t6e mo5t pop>lar training and development approa*6e5 availa&le#
(() ROLE ) PLAYING:$

In <6i*6 role5 a5 a55igned to trainee5 to a*t o>t a5 t6e' <o>ld do in t6eir real li(e# It i5 6elp(>l in training manager5 to deal <it6 6>man relation management# Parti*ipant5 learn to appre*iate ot6er5 point o( vie<# T6e' eBperien*e a 5it>ation emotionall'# It ma=e5 t6em more 5el(,*on5*io>5 and anal'ti*al in t6eir &e6avior# It al5o permit5 t6e parti*ipant5 to 56o< imagination5 and *are in (inaliEing 5ol>tion5#
(*) TEAM GROUP TRAINING:$

T6i5 te*6ni?>e i5 al5o =no<n a5 5en5itivit' training, la&orator' training and eBe*>tive a*tion# Team gro>p training i5 *on*erned <it6 t6e real not 5im>lated pro&lem eBi5ting <it6 in t6e team gro>p it5el(# It 6elp5 parti*ipant5 to learn a&o>t t6em5elve5 t6eir <ea=ne55e5 and emotion5 to develop in5ig6t5 in to 6o< t6e' rea*t to ot6er and al5o 6o< ot6er5 rea*t to t6em, to (ind o>t 6o< to &e6ave more e((e*tivel' in inter per5onal relation5 to develop more open, a>t6enti* relation5 among people# T, $ro>p are reall' 5mall di5*>55ion gro>p5 <it6 no 5et leader, t6e' 6ave no (iBed and m>t>al impa*t o( t6e parti*ipant5# >t T,gro>p training involve5 *reation o( 5tre55 5it>ation <6i*6 go o>t o( *ontrol#
(+) E$LEARNING
E,learning mean5 t6e deliver' o( a learning program &' ele*troni* mean5# E, learning involve5 t6e >5e o( a *omp>ter or an' ot6er an' ele*troni* devi*e to provide
32
training# E,learning i5 an' virt>al a*t or pro*e55 >5ed to a*?>ire data, in(ormation, 5=ill5, and =no<ledge# It *over5 a <ide 5et o( appli*ation5 and pro*e55 5>*6 a5 <e& &a5ed learning, *omp>ter &a5ed learning, virt>al *la55 room5, digital *olla&oration#
GENERAL *ENE&ITS &ROM EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

T6ere are n>mero>5 5o>r*e5 o( online in(ormation a&o>t training and development# Several o( t6e5e 5ite5 %t6e'Qre li5ted later on in t6i5 li&rar'+ 5>gge5t rea5on5 (or 5>pervi5or5 to *ond>*t training among emplo'ee5# T6e5e rea5on5 in*l>de7

In*rea5ed :o& 5ati5(a*tion and morale among emplo'ee5 In*rea5ed emplo'ee motivation In*rea5ed e((i*ien*ie5 in pro*e55e5, re5>lting in (inan*ial gain In*rea5ed *apa*it' to adopt ne< te*6nologie5 and met6od5 In*rea5ed innovation in 5trategie5 and prod>*t5 Red>*ed emplo'ee t>rnover En6an*ed *ompan' image, e#g#, *ond>*ting et6i*5 training %not a good rea5on (or et6i*5 trainingR+ Ri5= management, e#g#, training a&o>t 5eB>al 6ara55ment, diver5it' training
34
31

T6e training programme5 6eld in CFL, Ka=inada are eval>ated on t6e &a5i5 o( (eed&a*= given &' t6e emplo'ee5 in t6e organai5ation# T6i5 (eed &a*= i5 to eval>ating t6e e((e*tivene55 o( t6e programme5 i5 t6e olde5t (orm and t6e mo5t tr>5ted one# Training programme eval>ation 6a5 &een de(ined a5 ;an' attempt to o&tain in(ormation on t6e e((ort5 o( training per(orman*e and to a55e55 t6e val>e o( training in t6e lig6t o( t6at in(ormation# Eval>ation lead5 to *ontrolling and *orre*tion o( t6e training programme5G#
3.
4# Opinion regarding training and development program5 >ndergone# S0No 4 1 . / Re8pon8e EB*ellent $ood ad None Tot$% No of Re8pon#ent8 -2 2 2 2 -2 Percent$)e 422 2 2 2 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
Opinion regarding training and development programs undergone 120 100 Percentage 80 60 40 20 0 Excellent Good Opinion Bad None
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5 ever' one re5ponded t6at t6e' 6ave >ndergone training program5 in t6e organiEation and t6e' are eB*ellent# It i5 *lear t6at all training program5 are eB*ellent#
1# Emplo'eeI5 5ati5(a*tion level regarding training program5#
3/
S0No 4 1 . /
Re8pon8e EB*ellent $ood ad None Total
No of Re8pon#ent8 // / 1 2 -2
Percent$)e 33 3 / 2 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION LEVEL

4% 8% 0%
Excellent Good Bad None
88%
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5 33L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at training program i5 eB*ellent, 3L (elt t6at t6e' are good and /L (elt it a5 &ad#
.# Opinion on eBi5ting Training Fa*ilitie5 availa&le in CFL S0No 4 Re8pon8e EB*ellent No of Re8pon#ent8 42 Percent$)e 12
3-
1 .
$ood Average Total
.-2
02 42 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
OPINION ON E"ISTIN! T AININ! FACILITIES
70 60 50 PE CENTA!E 40 30 20 10 0 Excellent Good ESPONSE Average
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 12L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at t6e Training Fa*ilitie5 are EB*ellent, 02L o( t6em (elt t6e' are $ood, ) 42L (elt it a5 Average#
/# A55e55ing o( Training need5 <6eat6er e((e*tive S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e "e5 No No Idea No of Re8pon#ent8 /. 2 0 Percent$)e 39 2 4/
39
Total G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
-2
422
ASSESSIN! OF T AININ! NEE#S $%ET%E EFFECTIVE

100 80 PE CENTA!E 60 40 20 0 Yes No ESPONSE No Idea
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 39L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at t6e a55e55ing o( training need5 i5 e((e*tive ) 4/L 6ave no idea a&o>t t6e a55e55ing o( training need5#
-# !tilit' o( training program5 in dail' <or=# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e To large eBtent To 5ome eBtent To little eBtent No of Re8pon#ent8 4. .0 2 Percent$)e 19 0/ 2
30
Total G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
-2
422
&tilit' o( training programs in dail' )or*

80 70 60 50 Percentage 40 30 20 10 0 74
26 0 o large extent o so!e extent Opinion o l"ttle extent
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 19L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at t6e >tilit' o( Training Program5 are >5e(>l to large eBtent to per(orm t6eir a55ignment5, 0/L (eel t6at t6e training program5 are to a 5mall eBtent to per(orm t6eir a55ignment5#
9# Opinion regarding *ongenialit' o( training department# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e Large EBtent Some EBtent Der' Little EBtent Total No of Re8pon#ent8 4.2 -2 Percent$)e .2 02 2 422
33
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
OPINION E!A #IN! CON!ENIALITY OF T AININ! #EPA TMENT
0%
30%
#arge Extent $o!e Extent %er& #"ttle Extent
70%
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, .2L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at t6e Training Department i5 providing a *ongenial environment (or learning to a large eBtent ) 02L (eel t6at Training Department i5 providing a *ongenial environment (or learning to 5ome eBtent# 0# Opinion regarding t6e *6ange or improvement in per(orman*e a(ter attaining training program5# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e EB*ellent $ood Sati5(a*tor' Total No of Re8pon#ent8 1 .0 44 -2 Percent$)e / 0/ 11 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
38
c+ange or improvement in per(ormance
80 70 60 50 percentage 40 30 20 10 0
Excellent
Good esponse
$at"s'actor&
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, /L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (eel t6at t6e training program5 6ad 6elped t6em eB*ellentl' to improve t6eir per(orman*e at <or=, 0/L o( t6em (eel a5 good, ) 11L (eel 5ati5(a*tor'# 3# Opinion on in(ra5tr>*t>re availa&le (or Training Program# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e EB*ellent $ood Sati5(a*tor' Total No of Re8pon#ent8 4. .1 -2 Percent$)e 19 9/ 42 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
82
opinion on in(rastructure availa,le (or training program

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Excellent Good esponse $at"s'actor&
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 19L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (eel t6at t6e in(ra5tr>*t>re (or training program5 i5 EB*ellent, 9/L o( t6em (eel a5 good, ) 42L (eel 5ati5(a*tor' 8# T6e *riteria (or giving training program
S0no 4 1 . /
percentage
Re8pon8e Compan' Overall Development Competen*' Improvement F>t>re Career $ro<t6 etter Per(orman*e Total
No of Re8pon#ent8 12 41 . 4-2
Percent$)e /2 1/ 9 .2 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
84
Criteria (or Training
30%
(o!)an& *verall +evelo)!ent 40% (o!)etenc& I!)rove!ent ,-t-re (areer Gro.t/
6% 24%
Better 0er'or!ance
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, /2L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (eel t6at t6e *riteria (or t6e training i5 Compan' Overall Development, 1/L (eel it a5 Competen*' Improvement, 9L (eel it a5 F>t>re Career $ro<t6 ) .2L (eel it (or &etter per(orman*e#
42# Opinion regarding motivation and attit>dinal *6ange5#
S0no 4 1 .
Re8pon8e "e5 No Normal Total
No of Re8pon#ent8 /2 2 42 -2
Percent$)e 32 2 12 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
81
Opinion regarding motivation and attitudinal c+anges
20% 0%
Yes No Nor!al
80%
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 32L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (eel t6at t6eir motivational level5 and attit>de5 6ave improved a(ter ta=ing training program5 and 12L (eel it i5 normal# 44# A**eptan*e o( ne< te*6nolog'# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e "e5 No To 5ome eBtent Total No of re8pon#ent8 .3 . 8 -2 Percent$)e 09 9 43 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
8.
Acceptance o( ne) tec+onolog'

80 70 60 50 percentage 40 30 20 10 0
Yes
No
o so!e extent esponse
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5 09L o( t6e emplo'ee5 are a**epting ne< te*6nolog',9L are not a**epting and 43L o( t6e emplo'ee5 are a**epting to 5ome eBtent 41# Pre5ent 5'5tem o( (eed&a*= me*6ani5m on vario>5 training program5 i5 6elp(>l in improving t6e training pro*e55# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e "e5 No No Idea Total No of Re8pon#ent8 /4 . 9 -2 Percent$)e 31 9 41 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
8/
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 31L o( t6e emplo'ee5 (eel t6at t6e (eed&a*= me*6ani5m on vario>5 training program5 i5 >5e(>l to improve t6e training pro*e55, 9L (eel it a5 not >5e(>l and 41L 6ave no idea a&o>t t6e (eed&a*= me*6ani5m#
4.# Area 'o> pre(er in CFL to *ond>*t training program5 more (re?>entl'#
S#no 4 1 . / 9
Re5pon5e Sa(et' Te*6ni*al e6avior Environment management In(ormation Te*6nolog' Total
No o( Re5pondent5 4/ 49 42 . / . -2
Per*entage 13 .1 12 9 3 9 422
8-
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
I563,.,36-6075 From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5,13L o( t6e emplo'ee5 are pre(erring training in 5a(et',.1L in te*6ni*al,12L in &e6avior, 9L in environment,3L in management,9L in in(ormation te*6nolog'# 4/# Opinion regarding t6e intera*tion &et<een t6e trainer and t6e trainee# S0no 4 1 . / Re8pon8e EB*ellent $ood ad None Total No of Re8pon#ent8 /4 1 0 2 -2 Percent$)e 31 / 4/ 2 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
89
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5 I (o>nd t6at o>t o( -2 re5pondent5, 31L o( t6e emplo'ee5 at CFL (eel t6at t6e intera*tion &et<een t6e trainee and t6e trainer i5 good, 4/L (eel t6at t6e' 6ave no idea ) /L (eel it i5 not#
4-# Kind o( training met6od i5 adopted# S0no 4 1 . Re8pon8e On t6e :o& training O(( t6e :o& training ot6 Total No of re8pon#ent8 2 2 -2 -2 Percent$)e 2 2 422 422
G,-./01-2 R3.,34356-6075:
80
-ind o( training met+od adopted

100 10 80 70 60 percentage 50 40 30 20 10 0
*n t/e 2o3 tra"n"ng
*'' t/e 2o3 tra"n"ng esponse
Bot/
I563,.,36-6075: From t6e a&ove anal'5i5, o>t o( -2 re5pondent5 all t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at &ot6 on t6e :o& and o(( t6e :o& training met6od5 are adopted in t6e organiEation#
83
&INDINGS SUGGESTIONS :ON:LUSION
&INDINGS
T6e a55e55ing o( training need5 i5 e((e*tive# Training program5 are providing a *ongenial environment to 5ome eBtent and motivational level5 and attit>de5 6ave improved a(ter training program5# Mo5t o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at *riteria (or training i5 (or t6e *ompan'I5 overall development and ea*6 department i5 (>n*tioning <ell#
88
All t6e emplo'ee5 are >ndergoing training program5 in t6e organiEation <6i*6 improve5 t6e prod>*tivit'# Intera*tion &et<een t6e trainer and t6e emplo'ee5 i5 good# T6e AR poli*ie5 and pra*ti*e5 are <ell (ollo<ed &' all t6e emplo'ee5# Ma:orit' o( t6e emplo'ee5 are 5ati5(ied <it6 t6e training program5 and mo5t o( t6e emplo'ee5 (elt t6at t6e training (a*ilitie5 are eB*ellent# Training program5 6elped t6e emplo'ee5 to improve t6eir per(orman*e at <or=# It *reated a ne< Eeal in t6e emplo'ee5 a5 a re5>lt o( <6i*6 t6e' are >nderta=ing *6allenging ta5=5#
SUGGESTIONS
In5tead o( providing training to t6e emplo'ee5 t6e' 6ave to =no< 6o< (ar t6e training i5 &eing >nder5tood &' t6em# Training i5 given all t6e emplo'ee5 irre5pe*tive o( t6eir department5# So t6e' 6ave t *6oo5e <6i*6 training met6od 56o>ld &e adopted (or t6eir *on*erned department5#
422
T6ere 56o>ld &e pra*ti*al training and t6e time period allo<ed (or ea*6 training program 56o>ld &e in*rea5ed#
Training *o>ld &e more &ene(i*ial to great eBtent &e*a>5e it <a5 pra*ti*al and pro&lem oriented#
T6e training program5 56o>ld &e given a**ording to t6e AR poli*ie5 and pra*ti*e5# All o( t6e emplo'ee5 eBpre55ed t6at training i5 t6e mo5t e55ential one# So t6e management 56o>ld adopt ne< te*6ni?>e5 in5tead o( a&5ol>te program5#
Ne<l' developed training te*6ni?>e5 56o>ld &e adopted to prepare t6em (or 6ig6er level ta5=5#
T6ere 56o>ld &e more 5tre55 on pra*ti*al training and t6e time period allo<ed (or ea*6 training program 56o>ld &e in*rea5ed#
:ON:LUSION
On*e t6e emplo'ee5 are 5ele*ted and pla*ed on appropriate :o&5# T6e' re?>ire training and development# T6e e((i*ien*' o( an organiEation depend5 >pon t6e degree to <6i*6 it5 emplo'ee5 need to &e ad:>5ted, t6e organiEation (rom t6e 5t>d' it <a5 identi(ied t6at t6e *ompan' *ond>*ting di((erent =ind5 o( training program5 in order to meet t6e
424
re?>irement o( t6e *ompan' and al5o t6e emplo'ee5 al5o (eel t6e &ene(it5 t6ro>g6 attending t6e training program <6i*6 aid5 in >pgrading t6eir =no<ledge and 5=ill5# T6e training program *ond>*ted &' t6e *ompan' 56o>ld &e gro<t6,oriented, 5tre55ing on re*ent development5 lo<er *o5t, improved prod>*tivit', ?>alit', and in*rea5e pro(it5 <6i*6 6elp5 in 5>**e55(>ll' a*6ieving t6e organiEation o&:e*tive5 and goal5# o T6e management and <or=men are ver' 6elp(>l and provided me all t6e in(ormation ne*e55ar' (or *ompletion o( t6e pro:e*t# o T6e mo5t t6e training need5 are identi(ied a**ording to t6e emplo'ee need5 in t6e organiEation# o o Trainee5 6ave t6e ne*e55ar' e?>ipment, tool5 and material5 to per(orm t6eir <or=# All t6e emplo'ee5 realiEed a&o>t t6e importan*e o( training and development <6i*6 lead to en6an*ement o( prod>*tivit' in t6e organiEation# o T6e management 6a5 to give top priorit' (or organiEing training program5 on development o( te*6ni*al 5=ill5, attit>de and &e6avioral *6ange# o T6>5 on a**o>nt o( training and development in Coromandel FertilaiEer5 Limited appear5 to &e one o( t6e &etter managing >nit5#
421
@UESTIONNAIRE
@UESTIONNAIRE
E"p%o+ee n$"e = E"p%o+ee n "!er =
42.
Dep$rt"ent
4# Aave 'o> >ndergone an' training program in 'o>rM %a+ EB*ellent %&+ $ood %*+ ad %d+ None
1# Rate t6e 5ati5(a*tion level provided &' t6e training program5 to t6e emplo'ee5M %a+ EB*ellent %&+ $ood %*+ Average
.# @6at i5 'o>r opinion on eBi5ting Training Fa*ilitie5 availa&le in CFLM %a+ EB*ellent %&+ $ood %*+ Average
/# Do 'o> (eel t6at t6e ;a55e55ing o( Training need5G i5 e((e*tive at CFLM %a+ "e5 %&+ No %*+ No idea
-# To <6at eBtent do 'o> t6in= t6e training program5 >5e(>l (or 'o>r a*tivitie5 in 'o>r a55ignmentM %a+ To large eBtent %&+ To 5ome eBtent %*+ To little eBtent
9# Do 'o> (eel t6at training department provide5 a *ongenial (or learningM %a+ To large eBtent %&+ To 5ome eBtent %*+ To little eBtent
0# Ao< do 'o> (ind t6e *6ange or improvement in 'o>r per(orman*e a(ter attaining training program5M %a+ EB*ellent %&+ $ood %*+ Sati5(a*tor'
3# @6at i5 'o>r opinion on in(ra5tr>*t>re availa&le (or Training ProgramM %a+ EB*ellent %&+ $ood %*+ Sati5(a*tor'
8# @6at i5 t6e *riteria (or giving trainingM %a+ Compan' Overall Development %&+ Competen*' Improvement %d+ etter Per(orman*e
%*+ F>t>re Career $ro<t6
42# Do 'o> (eel t6at 'o>r motivational level5 and attit>de5 to<ard5 <or= 6ave improved a(ter >ndergoing training ProgramM
42/
%a+ "e5 %&+ No %*+ Normal 44# Are 'o> a**epting ne< te*6nolog'M %a+ "e5 %&+ No %*+ To Some eBtent# 41# Do 'o> t6in= pre5ent 5'5tem o( (eed&a*= me*6ani5m on vario>5 training program5 i5 6elp(>l in improving t6e training pro*e55M %a+ "e5 %&+ No %*+ No Idea 4.# On <6i*6 area do 'o> pre(er CFL to *ond>*t training program5 more (re?>entl'M %a+ Sa(et' %&+ Te*6ni*al %*+ e6avior %d+ Environment %e+ Management %(+ In(ormation Te*6nolog' 4/# @6at i5 'o>r opinion a&o>t t6e intera*tion &et<een trainer and t6e trainee in CFLM %a+ EB*ellent %&+ $ood %*+ ad %d+ None 4-# @6i*6 =ind o( training i5 provided in 'o>r organiEationM %a+ On t6e Co& Training %&+ O(( t6e Co& Training %*+ ot6 SSSSSSSSSSS
42-
*I*LIOGRAP,Y
429
*I*LIOG,RAP,Y
S0No N$"e of the *ooB
4 A>man Re5o>r*e Management /t6 Edition Tata M*,$ra< Aill Companie5 K Ne< Del6i 1 Per5onal ) A>man Re5o>r*e Management . A>man Re5o>r*e Management 1nd Edition EB*el oo=5 K Ne< Del6i D#S#P# Rao .rd Edition Aimala'a P>&li56ing Ao>5e K M>m&ai P# S>&&a Rao A# A5<at6appa
E#ition
P !%ic$tion8
A thor
@e&5ite57 <<<#m>r>ggappa#*om <<<#<e=ipedia#*om <<<#google#*om <<<#*(l#*om
420
*RO:,URES
423
OVERVIEW O& :&L
SILO .STORAGE/
428
442
ADMINISTRATION *LO:< IN :&L
444
*IO>DATA
NAME FATAERIS NAME SET A$E D#O# # RELI$ION NATIONALIT" LAN$!A$ES KNO@N MARITAL STAT!S 7 SWET,A NARALASETTY 7 N# DENKATA RAO 7 FEMALE 7 11 "ear5 7 11nd De*em&er 4830 7 AIND! 7 INDIAN 7 EN$LISA AND TEL!$! 7 SIN$LE
EDU:ATIONAL @UALI&I:ATIONS=
NAME O& T,E S0NO :OURSE M A %AR and 4 MARKETIN$+ 1 . / # #M# INTERMEDIATE SSC
NAME O& T,E INSTITUTION Adit'a P#$# College Adit'a Degree College,
YEAR O& PER:ENTAGE PASSING 1223,42 122-,23 9/#1-3 993
KKD Adit'a Cr# College,KKD Adit'a P>&li* S*6ool, KKD
122.,2122.
441

Training and Development in CFL

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Training and development in CFL

A STUDY ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT With reference to

COROMANDEL FERTILAIZERS LTD, KAKINADA

MASTER O& *USINESS ADMINISTRATION S !"itte# !+