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This document provides numerous mnemonics and summaries to help remember important information about microbiology and antibiotics. It includes 3 or fewer sentence summaries of key topics like:
1) Mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents and classes of drugs that follow each mechanism.
2) Characteristics of specific antibiotics and antibiotic classes like penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides.
3) Organisms that cause diseases and infections and their relevant properties.
This document provides numerous mnemonics and summaries to help remember important information about microbiology and antibiotics. It includes 3 or fewer sentence summaries of key topics like:
1) Mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents and classes of drugs that follow each mechanism.
2) Characteristics of specific antibiotics and antibiotic classes like penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides.
3) Organisms that cause diseases and infections and their relevant properties.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
This document provides numerous mnemonics and summaries to help remember important information about microbiology and antibiotics. It includes 3 or fewer sentence summaries of key topics like:
1) Mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents and classes of drugs that follow each mechanism.
2) Characteristics of specific antibiotics and antibiotic classes like penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides.
3) Organisms that cause diseases and infections and their relevant properties.
Drepturi de autor:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formate disponibile
Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
Found most oI these online, but made a Iew oI my own. Hope they help in your micro studies!
Antimicrobial agent MOA`s (mechanisms oI action): Mnemonic combines two mnemonics into one: Iirst part stands Ior drug MOA`s, and second part stands Ior classes oI drugs that Iollow the particular MOA: "CLIP Married Guys Seeking Fun!" "British People C Police SueD ClimS-ChLiMaTe Aiming For Virtual MeRi!" Cell wall synthesis inhibited Beta-lactams Leakage Irom cell membranes Polypeptides/Polyenes/Polymyxin Intermediate metabolism inhibited SulIonamides, Diaminopyrimidines Protein synthesis inhibited Clindamycin, Streptogramins, Chloamphenicol, Linezolid, Macrolides, Tetracyclines M-RNA code misread Aminoglycosides Gyrase (DNA gyrase) inhibited Fluoroquinolones Synthesis oI DNA inhibited antiViral agents Function oI DNA inhibited Metronidazole (Nitroimidazoles), RiIampin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins: "PeRP, Motha Fucka Does Negatively Omit" Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins Methicillin (not used in U.S.) Flucloxacillin (replaced Methicillin in U.S.) Dicloxacillin (replaced Methicillin in U.S.) NaIillin Oxacillin Also, Negative Omitted Gram-negative bacteria omitted Irom treatment; i.e., only treats Gram-positive bacterial inIections
Extended-spectrum penicillins: "ESPecially Gram, Negative, Always A Sensitive Boy" Extended-Spectrum Penicillins Gram-Negative Ampicillin Amoxicillin Sensitive to Beta-lactamases
C =with (knowit's usuallyc, but it'swhat I cameupwith for the mnemonic) __ __
"APPear Gram. Now, So Lost. Piple (people) Ti (to) Call?" Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins Gram-Negative Sensitive to beta-Lactams Piperacillin Ticarcillin Carbenicillin
Cephalosporins: 1st generation: All cephalosporins sound like CEF, except 1 st generation. In 1 st generation, there is PH rather than CEF, like: - CePHalothin ,CePHaprin, CePHradine, CePHalexin - exceptions: CeFAZoline, ceFADroxil Mnemonic: Dr faz and fad did PHD in 1st class (generation)
2nd generation: Mnemonic: AIter doing second step u celebrate with ur FAMily ,some wear FON color FUR coats and u MET ur FOXy cousion who drinks TEA, FOR a toast to ur achievement - CeFAclor, ceFAMandole, ceFONicid, ceFURoxime, ceIMEtazole, ceFOXitine, ceIoTEtan, ceFORanide
3rd generation: TRI Ior third; most have T in their name. - CeITRIaxone, ceITAZidine, ceIoTAXime, ceITIzoxime - exceptions: Cefixime, cefoperazone, moxalactam Big Mac for MAC Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) is usually Iound in HIV patients with a CD4 count 50. Prophylaxis against MAC is a MACrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin). These are used instead oI the usual TB drugs to avoid creating MDR-TB.
Shouldbe: BigMAC for MAC MAC =MycobacteriumAviumComplex, and Macrolides(treatment) Azithromycin, Clarithromycin Antibiotics contraindicated in pregnancy: 'M CAT Metronidazole Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines
Tetracycline MOA: TetrA Tetracyclines bind to Thirty S (30 S) ribosome submit and e(i)nhibits trna attachment to the A site.
Cell wall inhibitors: 'Pleasing Seth-sparring, Back-tracing, Vanquishing, Fo` Mike In, Serine- PCN Cephalosporin Bacitracin Vancyomycin FosIomycin Cycloserine
Vancomycin: 'Vanquishing used Positive Gram Toxins, Back to Resisting Meth and Lactose allergy Vancomycin, used Ior Gram-Positive (bacteria) Toxicity (high) Bactericidal Methicillin-resistance beta-Lactam allergic patients
Bacitracin characteristics: 'Back the Topic oI Toxic Gram; he`s Positively a Negative Cock. Bacitracin/Bactericidal Topically used due to Toxicity Gram-positive organisms Gram-negative cocci
Polymyxin characteristics: 'Poly`s mixes BE Top Toxins and Negative Cats Deter Back Polymyxin B & E Topical use due to Toxicity gram-Negative Cationic Detergent Bactericidal
'Dap To My Sin, OK Jean Stop a Positive SSEC DapToMyCin Hyperosmosis with K
eIIlux (leads to depolarization and eventual cell lysis)
Jean(Gene) Stop (Inhibited DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis) gram-Positive bacteria: speciIically, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Corynebacteria
'To Stop Protein, use TeAm 30 and take 50 CC`s oI Macro Lined Streps. Protein inhibitors 30S ribosomal subunit: are Tetracycline and Aminoglycoside 50S ribosomal subunit: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Macrolides, Linezolid, Streptogramin
Macrolides drugs and property: 'At 50, Stop Macking CATE, See it`s My Sin 50 50S ribosomal subunit Stop stops growth bacteriostatic Macking Macrolides CATE Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin, Erythromycin See C, Ior Clindamycin My Sin reIers to omycin suIIix oI all 4 drugs
Remember (not a mnemonic, just know): II a drug binds to bacteria irreversibly, then it is bactericidal. II a drug binds to bacteria reversibly (non-permanently), then it is bacteriostatic.
RiIamycin/RiIampin 'RiII my sinIul Transcript or Stop you Positive Cock, TB. RiIamycin Transcription Stopped (inhibited) gram-Positive Cocci Tuberculosis microbacteria
Fluoroquinolones: 'Flour is Negative to Aerobics and Stops Super Gyrations. Flour Fluoroquinolone Negative Aerobics gram-negative aerobes Stops (inhibits) Super (reIerring to supercoiling oI DNA) Gyrations DNA Gyrase, which supercoils DNA
Metronidazole 'the Metro is DiIIicult First Ior Pro Anaerobics Metronidazole DiIIicult First reIerring to Iirst drug oI choice Ior treating Clostridium diIIicile Pro Anaerobics reIerring to treatment Ior protozoans and anaerobic bacteria
Antibiotics used to treat TB: 'StRIPE Streptomycin RiIampin Isoniazid Pyrizinadmie Ethambutol
Not a mnemonic, but easier way to remember eIIects oI SulIonamides and Trimethoprim: SulIonamides / SulIas with 'S in the drug name inhibits DHP Synthase Without SulIas: PABA DHP Synthase DHP (1 st step oI bacterial nucleic acid synthesis; Dr. Gonzalez stated this) Trimethoprim with 'R in the drug name inhibits DHF Reductase Without Trimethoprim: DHF DHF Reductase THF (important step in bacterial nucleic acid synthesis; Dr. Gonzalez stated this)
Routes oI entry: most rapid ways meds/toxins enter body "Stick it, SniII it, Suck it, Soak it": Stick Injection SniII inhalation Suck ingestion Soak absorption
2 antiIungal treatments: 'The 2 antiIungal Ilu` drugs, Ilucanazole and Ilucytosine, can easily Ilu (Ilow) in the CSF and the urine.
AntiIungal treatments; not mnemonics, just know: Polyenes (Amphotericin B and Nystatin): cidal Azoles: static Flucytosine: cidal CaspoIungin: cidal TerbinaIine: static (Lamisil) and cidal; depends on Iungi being treated GriseoIulvin: static
Antibiotic-resistant organisms: 'KEEP MASS SPEC Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterococcus Iaecalis and Iaecium E. coli 0157:H7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acinetobacter baumannii Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella typhi and enterica Streptococcus pneumoniae (aka Pneumococcus) and pyrogenes Plasmodium Ialciparum Enterobacter aerogenes and cloacae Clostridium diIIicile
Treatment Ior S. typhi: 2 for 1 Deal: Salmonella typhi and Ceftriaxone
Acid Iast organisms: 'BSNL RIMS Bacterial spores Spermatic head Nocardia Legionella Rhodococcus Isospora belli Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leprae, smegmatis Cryptosporidium
DNA viruses: "Pop A Potato Hot Hot Potatoe" Pop papova Hot herpes A adeno Hot hepadna Potato parvo Potatopox Herpes virus says: "I am going to the cytoplasm to replicate unlike the rest oI you, nuclear replicating DNA viruses" Meanwhile, parvo the pervert is playing with his single strand (all others double).
E. coli diseases caused in presence oI virulence Iactors: "DUNG" Diarrhoea UTI Neonatal meningitis Gram negative sepsis DUNG: since these diseases are caused by E. coli Irom 'dung- contaminated water.
Klebsiella: Morphology & InIections You can tell the patient: "Fat Alcoholics Never Get UPSet" Fat Morphology, which is Iat prominent capsule Alcoholics reIerring to increased risk oI inIection "Never Get up" motility, which is non-motile (non-Ilagellated) SET InIections, which are UTI, Pneumonia, Sepsis Klebsiella are Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose Iermenting, Iacultative anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium Iound in the normal Ilora
McConkey agar- components 'PLANT' Peptone Lactose Agar Neutral red Taurocholate
Meningococci and gonococci: Fermentation properties 'MeninGococci and Gonococci' Meninigococci Ierments both Maltose and Glucose; whereas Gonococci Ierments only Glucose.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: culture charactersitics ' Rough, Tough & BuII ' Rough: colony is rough like breadcrumbs and not smooth, Tough: colony sticks to the culture plate and is diIIicult to remove, BuII: buII is the colour. It is a yellowish brown/coIIee shade.
Vibrio cholerae: reactions "COINS " The biochemical reactions which help to diIIerentiate vibrio cholera are Catalase Oxidase Indole Nitrates reduced to nitrites Sucrose Iermentation Vibrio cholerae causes the acute diarrheal disease called cholera.
Trypanosoma: disease caused 'I went on a TRYP to AIrica' ie., Trypanosoma brucei causes AIrican sleeping sickness
Bacteria that undergo lysogenic conversion: "BCDEF" clostridium Botulinum (botulism) vibrio Cholerae (cholera) corynebacterium Diptherae (diphtheria) E. coli (hemorrhagic diarrhea by shiga-like toxin) F Iever (Scarlet Fever) streptococcus pyrogenes
Anti-viral drugs use 'vir in the beginning, middle or end oI the drug name; list is as Iollows: Abacavir Acyclovir Amprenavir CidoIovir Denavir EIavirenz Indavir Invirase Famvir Ganciclovir Norvir Oseltamivir Penciclovir Ritonavir Saquinavir Valacyclovir Viracept Viramune Zanamivir Zovirax
MHC I and MHC II: T cell type 'MHC x T cell8' MHC II goes with CD4 (2x48) MHC I goes with CD8 (1x88)