1. What is Troubleshooting?

Common questions and answers to operating systems in general can be found on the below operating system question and answers. All other questions relating to an operating system in particular can be found through the operating system page. 2. Different types of RAM? There are three main types of RAM: SDRAM, DDR and Rambus DRAM. SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM) Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) 3. Explain the SCSI, CPU, Ethernet, BIOS? SCS Small Computer Systems Interface is a way for all data storage devices to communicate over a common protocol standard. Ethernet Is an IEEE 802.3 standard for !" #local area networ$s% that allows multiple computers to connect on the same networ$ using I& as the communication protocol 'etween server server. (Or) !thernet: A common "ay of net"or#in$ %Cs to create a &A'. ( )S: (asic nput )utput System. A chip "ithin the %C that offers basic input and output ser*ices to all attached de*ices. FAT: +ile Allocation Table. A file system table used by the +AT,file systems. t contains information about "here on the dis# the content of the files are stored. ar!"are# The physical components that computer systems are comprised of, li#e hard dis#s, cpus, e-pansion cards, etc. $. What is PCI? %C : %C is %eripheral Component nterconnect. is a hi$h,speed connection for de*ices includin$ SCS cards, *ideo cards, sound cards, modems, *ideo capture cards, etc $. What is %&ll Ba'(? Roll bac# used to undo chan$es made to the database (restore data to its state prior to the user ma#in$ chan$es) . $.What is A)P? A/% (Accelerated /raphics %ort) is the specification for a type of dedicated *ideo card 0/A 0/A (*ideo $raphic au-ulary )R Array). (ac#up: A copy of a dis# or selected files made for safe#eepin$, usually to remo*able media Chip: A slan$ term for an inte$rated circuit. $.*et"&r(?

A net"or# is a $roup of thin$s that are connected to$ether. $.What is USB? 1ni*ersal Serial (us (1S() is a "ay to connect peripheral de*ices to computers. t replaces the functionality of serial and parallel ports, includin$ #eyboard and mouse ports. The current standard (*ersion), 1S( 2.3, is bac#"ards compatible "ith the earlier 4.3 and 4.4 standards. 1S( 2.3 supports band"idths of 4.5Mbps, 42.5Mbps, and 673Mbps. $. What is USB? Stands for .1ni*ersal Serial (us.. 1S( is the most common type of computer port used in today8s computers. t can be used to connect #eyboards, mice, $ame controllers, printers, scanners, di$ital cameras, and remo*able media dri*es, 9ust to name a fe". :ith the help of a fe" 1S( hubs, you can connect up to 42; peripherals to a sin$le 1S( port and use them all at once (thou$h that "ould re<uire <uite a bit of de-terity). 1S( is also faster than older ports, such as serial and parallel ports. The 1S( 4.4 specification supports data transfer rates of up to 42Mb=sec and 1S( 2.3 has a ma-imum transfer rate of 673 Mbps. Thou$h 1S( "as introduced in 4>>;, the technolo$y didn8t really ta#e off until the introduction of the Apple iMac (in late 4>>7) "hich used 1S( ports e-clusi*ely. t is some"hat ironic, considerin$ 1S( "as created and desi$ned by ntel, Compa<, Di$ital, and (M. )*er the past fe" years, 1S( has become a "idely,used cross, platform interface for both Macs and %Cs. $.+e,ine S-PS? it8s means s"ict mode po"er supply. it8s controle all *olte$e and it con*erted AC to DC. $.What are the *a.es &, / inter,a'e p&rts in the CPU? they are 4)serial port A serial de*ice streams data as a series of bits, mo*in$ data one bit at a time. !-amples of serial de*ices include printers and M)D!Ms. 2) parllel port A parallel de*ice streams data in a small $roup of bits simultaneously. 1sually the $roup is a sin$le ei$ht,bit byte (or possibly se*en or nine bits, "ith the possibility of *arious control or parity bits included in the data stream). !ach $roup usually corresponds to a sin$le character of data. Rarely there "ill be a lar$er $roup of bits ("ord, lon$"ord, double"ord, etc.). The most common parallel de*ice is a printer (althou$h most modern printers ha*e both a serial and a parallel connection, allo"in$ $reater connection fle-ibility). ?) 1S( 6) AD% 5) %S=2 Q. What is CPU? C%1 !''reviation of central processing unit( )he C&* is the 'rains of the computer or the C&* is the most important element of a computer system.

$.Explain a0&1t the 3 1nits &, CPU? They are Memory unit and Control unit and Arthimatic unit. Memory unit is used to store all result and process Control unit is used to re caluclate all precess Arthimatic unit is used to perform all opretion li#e addion and substration and multiplicatin.and after that it is send it to control unit $."hat is Ca'he? A type a computer memory that temporarily stores fre<uently used information for <uic# access. $."hat is Fire"all? A set of related pro$rams that protect the resources of a pri*ate net"or# from users from other net"or#s. $. What is S2ste. %est&re? System Restore is desi$ned to automatically monitor and record chan$es made to the core :indo"s system files and to the re$istry. System Restore can then allo" you to undo (or .roll bac#.) a chan$e that caused instability in your system. This is accomplished by periodically recordin$ a .Restore %oint. (or System Chec#%oint) that $i*es you the ability to roll your system bac# to the point in time "hen your computer "as #no"n to function properly. System Restore is not intended to be an .uninstaller. or a bac#up pro$ram. f :indo"s does not function properly after installin$ soft"are or dri*ers, you should use the Add=Remo*e %ro$rams tool in Control %anel (or use the pro$ram8s uninstaller) to remo*e the soft"are before usin$ System Restore. $."hat is s1r,in3 an! 0r&"sin3? ! 'rowser is an application program that provides a way to loo$ at and interact with all the information on the +orld +ide +e'. )he word. Surfing, ! Surfers -irectory. )he argest +e' .uide )o /nline Surf Sites. Q. what is data and information? -ata... data is raw. It simply e0ists and has no significance 'eyond its e0istence #in and of itself%. It can e0ist in any form( usa'le or not. It does not have meaning of itself. In computer parlance( a spreadsheet generally starts out 'y holding data. Information... information is data that has 'een given meaning 'y way of relational connection. )his 1meaning1 can 'e useful( 'ut does not have to 'e. In computer parlance( a relational data'ase ma$es information from the data stored within it. Q. What is the differences between AT and ATX? !t is !dvace )echnology and !)2 means advance technology extended . !) mother 'oard is having an S3&S of mechanical swtich( where as the !)243icroat0 ( other 'oard has an S3&S with -C switch #automatic%. )his is the main difference. !)2 mother'oard having automation in shut down process.

Q. What is the present we are sin! "otherboard? !t and !)2 Q. Difference between d a# core and core2d o? Core 2 Duo is a brand name by Intel - Dual-Core is a generic description meaning two separate physical cores in one chip package. Q.How will make the partions to harddisk? 1.disk management 2. fdisk Another term you "ill encounter is a dis# format. There is a hi$h,le*el format, "hich creates a ne" file allocation table and is done "ith a +)RMAT command. There is also a lo",le*el format that creates a ne" pattern of sectors. A lo",le*el format must be follo"ed by an +D S@ command to create a ne" Master (oot Record and partitions. Q. How to instal your hard disk by using the Windows XP? Insert the Windows X CD-!"# into your CD-!"# dri$e or D%D-!"# dri$e& or insert the first Windows X 'etup disk into the floppy disk dri$e& and then restart the computer. (ote )o start your computer from the Windows X CD-!"# *or from the startup disk+& your computer must be configured to start from the CD-!"# dri$e& the D%D-!"# dri$e& or the floppy disk dri$e. In some cases& you may ha$e to modify your computer,s -I"' settings to set this configuration. .or information about how to configure your computer to start from the CD-!"# dri$e& the D%D!"# dri$e& or the floppy disk dri$e& see the documentation that is included with your computer& or contact the computer manufacturer. Q.Latest type of RA ? DD!!/#2 Q. H!W "A# W$ %&'A(L$ ')'*$ R$'*!R$?

+ollo" the instructions belo" to disable System Restore: 4. Clic# Start, Settin$s, and then clic# Control %anel. 2. Double,clic# the System icon. The System %roperties dialo$ bo- appears. ')T!: f the System icon is not *isible, clic# .0ie" all Control %anel options. to display it. ?. Clic# the %erformance tab, and then clic# +ile System. 6. Clic# the Troubleshootin$ tab, and then chec# Disable System Restore. 5. Clic# )@. Clic# Aes, "hen you are prompted to restart :indo"s.)nce you ha*e cleaned the *irus or other problem from the computer, reenable System Restore by follo"in$ these directions 5.+hat are the main features of windows 2&6 "ew features, Some new components never 'efore 'undled in +indows are now included with +indows 2&. )hese include the 7emote -es$top( which allows an 2& user to remotely log into another computer running 2& and control it from the first computer. If you have used 8"C or &C!nywhere( you will 'e

familiar with this concept. !nother new feature is 7emote !ssistance( which is a way to invite someone to connect to your computer and give help over the networ$( and even control your computer remotely if you choose to allow it. /ther features include a 'uilt9in firewall( driver signing( and fast switching 'etween different user profiles. Q.what are the R$ ire"ents of windows XP ? Re<uirements Microsoft8s minimum re<uirements for :indo"s B% are a 2??MCD processor, E6M( of RAM, 4.5/( of a*ailable hard dri*e space, and an S0/A,capable *ideo card. 1 TS has found that computers not e-ceedin$ those re<uirements run :indo"s B% poorly, if it runs at all. 1 TS *ery stron$ly recommends that any system runnin$ B% ha*e a C%1 faster than 633MCD and at least 25EM( of RAM. $. What are !i,,erent t2pes &, IPs? )hey are two types of I&s Static I& address and dynamic I& address. Q. Difference between Static RAM and Dynamic RAM? Static RAM is called static because it will continue to hold and store information even when power is removed. Magnetic core and reed relays are examples of static memory. Dynamic RAM is called dynamic because it loses all data when power is removed. Q.What is D%CP? -ynamic :ost Configuration &rotocol #-:C&% Q. Diffeent types of &P c#asses? I& addressing supports five different address classes, !( ;(C( -( and E. /nly classes !( ;( and C are availa'le for commercial use. )he left9most #high9order% 'its indicate the networ$ class. provides reference information a'out the five I& address classes. % Internet &rotocol. )he Internet &rotocol #I&% provides a 'est effort networ$ layer service for con )ypes of "etwor$s networ$necting computers to form a computer networ$ . TC%9 !''reviation of Transmission Control Protocol, Q. Use of TCP/IP? One very important set of protocols is called T !"#!. #t is important because it is what the creators of the #nternet decided would be used for that particular networ$% which means that any computer that wants to connect to the #nternet must also use T !"#!. T !"#! stands for Transmission ontrol !rotocol " #nternet !rotocol. T !"#! is actually in two parts. The T ! portion covers the agreements between systems about how they will carry on their &conversation'% and the #! portion deals with addressing the pac$ets and routing them.

The T ! part all happens in the bac$ground and we don't really need to concern ourselves with it under normal circumstances. (owever% in a networ$ that uses T !"#!% every system must have a uni)ue #! address% and that is something that re)uires human intervention in one way or another. There are two ways to associate a uni)ue #! address to a specific computer. One way is for the administrator to assign a number% which stays the same unless somebody decides to change it some day. That number is then a static #! address. The other way is to assign a group of addresses to a server% and let the server hand them out as needed to any system that wants to communicate on the networ$. This produces a dynamic #! address. Q.%ow "any types of operatin! syste"s in ser'er side? #icrosoft Windows 2000 'er$er 2004 Q. how do /(D #icrosoft Windows #1 and 2inu3 and Windows

chec( the ip address in networ(?

Clic# on the start button, select Settin$s F Control %anel FFF and double,clic# the 'et"or# icon FFClic# on the TC%= % protocol and clic# on the properties...button. A 8TC%= % %roperties nformation8 "indo"s "ill appear, clic# the )@ button. Aou should $et the TC%= % %roperties "indo" "ith a panel of se*en tabbed pa$es. Q. What is the se of ADD A)D R*M+,* pro!ra"e? :ith the Add=Remo*e :indo"s Components tool, you can add or remo*e :indo"s components li#e Accessories (%aint, Calculator, etc), :indo"s Messen$er, MS', :indo"s Media %layer, and +a- Ser*ices. &i#e Add or Remo*e %ro$rams, it8s a $ood place to loo# for applications that you don8t use. Remo*in$ them can impro*e your computer8s performance. Q.What &s D)-? -omain "ame System #-"S% is one of the industry9standard suite of protocols that comprise )C&4I&. Q.What is new &nternet *.p#orer ? Internet E0plorer <.0 Q. Different type of browsers? !/ E0plorer and Internet E0plorer and "etscape and 3o=illa and /pera. Q.What is Post? &ower9on self9test Q.What is %TM/ A)D %TTP? :)3 9 :yperte0t 3ar$up anguage !"- :))& 9 :yperte0t )ransfer &rotocol.

Q. What is 'A*A and PA*A? '/)/ 5Serial Ad*anced Technolo$y Attachment /)/5%arallel Ad*anced Technolo$y Attachment (oth are related to hard dri*es.

Q. what is DMA and RTC and A P and ID! and SCSI and "S# and SIMM and DIMM and $A% A%D &A% A%D ISP A%D #&" and *TFS A%D BIOS A*+ C-OS ? DMA * Direct Memory Access RT * Real Time loc$%

A+! * Accelerated +raphics !ort. ,AT * ,ile Allocation Table There are two versions% called ,AT-. and ,AT/0 #D1 * #ntegrated Drive 1lectronics or ( nte$rated De*lopment !n*iornment) . S S#* Small omputer System #nterconnect

,S2 * ,ront Side 2us S#MM* Single #nline Memory Module D#MM* Dual #nline Memory Module. 3A4 * 3ocal Area 4etwor$. 5A4 * 5ide Area 4etwor$. MA' , Metropolitan Area 'et"or# Accessing a networ$ through a phone line and modem is called a dial6 up connection. #S! * #nternet Service !rovider (IC5 (etworking Interface Card,s *(IC+ 'T+S , 'e" Technolo$y +ile System ( )S : basic input=output system CM)S : complementary metal o-ide semiconductor 22. Types of 'et"or#s:

&A' , The &ocal Area 'et"or# (&A') :A' , The term :ide Area 'et"or# (:A') usually refers to a net"or#. MA' , Metropolitan Area 'et"or# $. What is the +i,,eren'e Bet"een a 10 an! a S"it'h? A hub is used in a "ired net"or# to connect !thernet cables from a number of de*ices to$ether. The hub allo"s each de*ice to tal# to the others. (Cubs aren8t used in net"or#s "ith only "ireless connections, since net"or# de*ices such as routers and adapters communicate directly "ith one another, "ith nothin$ in bet"een.) A s"itch is used in a "ired net"or# to connect !thernet cables from a number of de*ices to$ether. The s"itch allo"s each de*ice to tal# to the others. (S"itches aren8t used in net"or#s "ith only "ireless connections, since net"or# de*ices such as routers and adapters communicate directly "ith one another, "ith nothin$ in bet"een.) Q. What is a -&!e.? A modem lin#s the public nternet "ith your home net"or#. The hi$h speed types of data outside of your home aren8t suitable for your direct use, so modems con*ert the data into di$ital !thernet, "hich all the net"or# e<uipment in your home can use. #M!** The computer goes through a process called booting up when it is first turned on.his involves executing the 2#OS instructions% loading the operating system from dis$ into RAM% and then turning control of the computer over to the operating system after everything chec$s out O7. Q. &hat is UR$? A 8niform Resource 3ocator% 8R3% or 5eb address% is a standardi9ed address for some resource :such as a document or image; on the #nternet :or elsewhere;. ,irst created by Tim 2erners63ee for use on the 5orld 5ide 5eb% the currently used forms are detailed by #1T, standard. Q. &hat is CM'S? #t stands for the type of technology used in the chip% which is omplementary Metal Oxide Substrate. Q. &hat is the ca(acity of ")o((y?

the floppy can hold -.<< M2 :megabytes; of data. $. What is tha 'apa'ir2 &, tha '! an! !4! r&.? CD contains ;33 mmb and -8- contains >.> .i; of data Q.Difference between CD A%D D*D? D* ompact Disc

D=D* Digital =ideo Disc

D=Ds hold much more data Q. %ow to find &P address of the co"p ter? Clic$ on start 'utton??? select run?? type I&C/"@I. ??? press enter?? it will display the I& address of the computer. Q. %ow to chec( De'ice "ana!er? 7ight clic$ on the my computer icon9999 select properties99999 select -evice manager9999 )here we can see which device connected into system. Q.How to +hange the &P address and *"P address? !ight click on (etwork neighbourhood-6 select propertties6 select )C 7I "!)6 select properties6 )here wwe can set the I address. Q. where we +an find the A++esibility options? Double click on my computer icon -6 select control panel6 )here we can find the /ccesibility options. Q. How to in+rease the ,irtual memory? Click on my computer--6 select properties--66 select the perfamance-66 u can see $irtual memory-66 pl8 click on $irtual memory666 there we can increse the $irtual memory. Q. What is Hard Drive? The hard drive is what stores all you data. It houses the hard disk, where all your files and folders are physically located. A typical hard drive is only slightly larger than your hand, yet can hold over 100 GB of data. The data is stored on a stack of disks that are ounted inside a solid encase ent. These disks spin e!tre ely fast "typically at either #$00 or %&00 '()* so that data can +e accessed i ediately fro anywhere on the drive. The data is stored on the hard drive agnetically, so it stays on the drive even after the power supply is turned off. Q. &hat is #)+etooth? This wireless technology enables communication between 2luetooth6 compatible devices. #t is used for short6range connections between des$top and laptop computers% !DAs :li$e the !alm !ilot or (andspring =isor;% digital cameras% scanners% cellular phones% and printers. Q. &hat is DS$? Stands for >Digital Subscriber 3ine.> #t is medium for transferring data over regular phone lines and can be used to connect to the #nternet. (owever% li$e a cable modem% a DS3 circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection% even though the wires it uses are copper li$e a typical phone line. Q. &hat is D%S? The Domain 4ame Server :System; or D4S is a system that stores

information about host names and domain names in a $ind of distributed database on networ$s% such as the #nternet. Most importantly% it provides an #! address for each host name% and lists the mail exchange servers accepting e6mail for each domain. Q &hat is Motherboard? Also $nown as the mainboard or logic board% this is the main circuit board of your computer. #f you ever open your computer up% the biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. This is where you?ll find the !8% the ROM% memory expansion slots% ! # slots% serial ports% 8S2 ports% and all the controllers for things li$e the hard drive% D=D drive% $eyboard% and mouse. 2asically% the motherboard is what ma$es everything in your computer wor$ together. 1ach motherboard has a collection of chips and controllers that is $nown as the >chipset>. 5hen new motherboards are developed% they often use new chipsets. The good news is that these boards are typically more efficient and faster than their predecessors. The bad news is that you may not be able to add certain memory and !8 upgrades to older motherboards. Of course% that?s typical of the computer industry.. Q.&hat is Safe Mode? Safe Mode is a way for the 5indows operating system to run with the minimum system files necessary. #t uses a generic =+A display driver instead of the vendor6specific driver% which means you will li$ely be wor$ing with only -. colors in a resolution of .<@x<A@. Safe Mode also turns off all third6party drivers for other peripherals such as mice% $eyboards% printers% and scanners. #n basic Safe Mode% networ$ing files and settings are not loaded% meaning you won?t be able to connect to the #nternet or other computers on a networ$. So why would # ever want to boot in Safe ModeB 5ell% that?s a good )uestion. Sometimes% 5indows may not fully load after an unexpected crash and the only way to get the computer to boot is to use Safe Mode. Once you have successfully booted the computer in Safe Mode% you can run a dis$ utility program to repair corrupted files or directories on the hard drive. Cou can also reboot into Safe Mode to see your display when you get a >Sync Out of Range> message on your screen. There may also be times when your computer is performing sluggishly and becomes annoyingly slow. 2ooting into Safe Mode will allow you to diagnose the problem and determine which files are slowing down the computer. 5hen calling technical support% the support person may as$ you to boot into Safe Mode to begin the troubleshooting. To boot your 5indows computer into Safe Mode% hold down the ,A $ey while the computer is starting up. Then select Safe Mode from the list of boot options. ,'Rsafe mode allo"s the user to troubleshoot the operatin$ system to determine "hat is not

functionin$ properly. +or e-ample, addin$ ne" soft"are or dri*ers.

$. What is S2ste. %e51ire.ents? :hene*er you purchase soft"are or hard"are for your computer, you should first ma#e sure your computer supports the system re<uirements. These are the necessary specifications your computer must ha*e in order to use the soft"are or hard"are. +or e-ample, a computer $ame may re<uire you computer to ha*e :indo"s B% or later, a 2.3 /CD processor, 542 M( or RAM, a E6 M( $raphics card, and 533 M( or hard dri*e space. f your computer does not meet all of these re<uirements, the $ame "ill not run *ery "ell or mi$ht not run at all. t is 9ust as important to chec# system re<uirements for hard"are de*ices. +or e-ample, if you buy a printer, it may re<uire either :indo"s B% or Mac )S B 43.? or later. t may also re<uire a 1S( port and 73 M( of a*ailable hard dri*e space. f your computer does not ha*e any 1S( ports, you "ill not be able to physically connect the printer. f your machine does not ha*e :indo"s B% or Mac )S B 43.? or later, the printer dri*ers may be incompatible "ith your operatin$ system. This means you computer "ill be unable to reco$niDe the printer. Most hard"are and soft"are products ha*e the system re<uirements printed on the side or bottom of the product pac#a$in$. :hen you are shoppin$ for computer soft"are or hard"are, it is a $ood idea to first find out e-actly "hat your system8s specifications are and "rite them do"n on a piece of paper. The important information to record includes: )peratin$ System (i.e. :indo"s B%, S% 2 or Mac )S B 43.?.7) %rocessor Speed (i.e. %entium 6, ?.2 /CD or %o"er %C /5, 2.3 /CD) Memory, a.#.a. RAM (i.e. 542 M() /raphics Card (i.e. AT Radeon >733 "= 25E M( *ideo memory) Card Dis# Space (i.e. 73 /( a*ailable) =) %orts (i.e. 1S(, +ire"ire, Serial, %arallel, SCS , 0/A, D0 ports) (y recordin$ these specifications from your computer, you "ill be able to ma#e sure your computer supports the products you are buyin$ Q. What is TCP &P? Stands for 1)ransmission Control &rotocol4Internet &rotocol.1 )hese two protocols were developed in the early days of the Internet 'y the *.S. military. )he purpose was to allow computers to communicate over long distance networ$s. )he )C& part has to do with the verifying delivery of the pac$ets. )he I& part refers to the moving of data pac$ets 'etween nodes. )C&4I& has since then 'ecome the foundation of the Internet. )herefore( )C&4I& software is 'uilt into all maAor operating systems( such as *ni0( +indows( and the 3ac /S. Q. What is north brid!e? )he north 'ridge( also $nown as the memory controller hu' #3C:% in Intel systems #!3-( 8I!( SiS and others usually use Bnorth'ridgeB%( is traditionally one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a &C mother'oard( the other 'eing the south'ridge. Separating the chipset into north'ridge and south'ridge is common( although there are rare instances where these two chips have 'een com'ined onto one die when design comple0ity and fa'rication processes permit it. Q. what is -o thbrid!e? )he South'ridge( also $nown as the I4/ Controller :u' #IC:%( is a chip that implements the 1slower1 capa'ilities of the mother'oard in a north'ridge4south'ridge chipset computer architecture. )he south'ridge can usually 'e distinguished from the north'ridge 'y not 'eing directly connected to the C&*. 7ather( the north'ridge ties the south'ridge to the C&*. $.!i,,eren'e 0et"een "in 67 nan! xp?

4. "in>7 support +AT file and "in-p support 'T+S and also +AT. 2. "in>7 does not ha*in$ remote acess facility "hile in -p there is. ?. "in>7 does not need faster processin$ speed "hile -p need 533mhD processin$ speed. 6. "in>7 does not pro*ide system restore "hile -p pro*ide. 5. "in>7 and "in-p layout and *isu*al styles are differenet. E. "in-p impro*e de*ice support. ;. "in>7 does not pro*ide security "hile -p pro*ide. $. "hat is -AC a!!ress ? Short for Media Access Control address, a hard"are address that uni<uely identifies each node of a net"or#. n !!! 732 net"or#s, the Data &in# Control (D&C) layer of the )S Reference Model is di*ided into t"o sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer interfaces directly "ith the net"or# medium. Conse<uently, each different type of net"or# medium re<uires a different MAC layer. (&r) Stands for .Media Access Control Address,. and no, it is not related Apple Macintosh computers. A MAC address is a hard"are identification number that uni<uely identifies each de*ice on a net"or#. The MAC address is manufactured into e*ery net"or# card, such as an !thernet card or :i,+i card, and therefore cannot be chan$ed. $. Different t2pe &, la2ers? physical layer, data lin# layer, net"or# layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and the application layer. $. What is pin3? %in$ is a basic nternet pro$ram that lets you *erify that a particular % address %in$ is a pro$ram that sends a series of pac#ets o*er a net"or# or the nternet to a specific computer in order to $enerate a response from that computer. The other computer responds "ith an ac#no"led$ment that it recei*ed the pac#ets. %in$ "as created to *erify "hether a specific computer on a net"or# or the nternet e-ists, and is connected. $. What is h&stna.e? Costname Displays the Microsoft net"or#in$ computer nameG a*ailable only in :indo"s 'T, 2333, and B% $. What is S-TP? Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) $. What is P1n't1ati&n .ar(s? period HH comma HH <uestion mar# HH e-clamation mar# HH colon HH semicolon HH hyphen HH dash parentheses HH brac#ets HH ellipsis HH apostrophe HH <uotation mar#s HH slash $.I, the internet is sl&" "hat "ill 1 !&? Do some cleanin$ up.. disc cleanup, dis# defra$menter, maybe a re$istry cleaner. t doesn8t happen suddenly, it 9ust ta#es a "hile o*er time to do it and one day it feels the effects. "ould also do "hat the other user su$$ested about typin$ in .msconfi$., but.. "ouldn8t unchec# e*erythin$. There are pro$rams needed in that chec#bo- list for your computer to

function correctly. )r)) The reason is because you ha*e too much 9un# in your temporery files and misplace files that causes it to run slo". :hat you need to do is $o to,,F start, all pro$rams, accesories, system tools, Fdis# cleanup (clean out your temp files and unuse files). Clean your dis#space and then repeat it a$ian, instead this time, ,Fstart, all pro$rams, accesories, system tools, Fdis# defra$ment (defra$ your computer, can ta#e a "hile). 'e-t $o to """.spybot.com and do"nload their free spy"are, install it and run it to #ill your spy"are you8ll be amaDed ho" much spy"are you $ot. $. I, at all "hile 0r&"sin3 an2 &, the pa3e i, "e ,in! err&r as pa3e 'ann&t 0e !ispla2e! "hat "ill 1 !&? This error occurs because your computer cannot access the merchant8s "eb pa$e. f you ha*e ad,bloc#in$ soft"are, please disable the soft"are and try to clic# on the lin# a$ain. f $ettin$ this messa$e and ha*e the @aDaa &ite pro$ram installed, please remo*e the file named .C)STS. found in c:I"indo"sI or c:I"inntI or c:I"inntIsystem?2Idri*ersIetcI. This should fi- the problem and not affect the computer in any ad*erse "ay. $ . What is .s'&n,i3? MSConfi$ is a boot confi$uration utility bundled "ith all Microsoft :indo"s operatin$ systems released after 4>>5 e-cept :indo"s 2333 J. "hat "ill "e do if popup is bloc#K The %op,up (loc#er bloc#s script,initiated pop,up "indo"s that are created by the follo"in$ methods, "ithout the user clic#in$ a lin#. f users enable the most restricti*e settin$ in the %op,up (loc#er Settin$s, the %op,up (loc#er bloc#s "indo"s that are opened by these methods from a user,initiated action, such as clic#in$ a pa$e element or tabbin$ to a lin# and then pressin$ !'T!R. $. "hat are the printer err&rs? They are paper 9am and %rint !rrors and scanner failure and Replace the %rint Cartrid$es and Color or Ri$ht %rint Cartrid$e is not compatible ncorrect %rint Cartrid$e(s) %rint Cartrid$e %roblem ncorrectly nstalled Cartrid$e(s) (lac# or Color Cartrid$e(s) +ailed

Computer Cistory <uestion: 1mb is e<ual to ho" much kbK 1 M (me$abyte) is e<ual to 4326 ! (#ilobytes).