Score level fusion of voting strategy of geometric hashing and SURF for an efficient palmprint-based identification

Abstract
This paper proposes an efficient indexing scheme for palmprint-based identification system. The proposed system uses geometric hashing of SURF key-points to index the palmprint into hash table and makes score level fusion of voting strategy based on geometric hashing and SURF score to identify the live palmprint. All ordered pairs of SURF key-points of the palmprint are scaled and mapped to a predefined coordinate system and all other points are similarity transformed. The new location after transformation serves as the index of the hash table. During identification, all ordered pairs of key-points of live palmprint are scaled and mapped to the coordinate system while remaining points are similarity transformed. A vote is casted to all images in the corresponding bins. Images having votes more than certain threshold are considered as candidate images of the live palmprint. SURF features of the live palmprint and the candidate images are compared for matching. Matching scores which are based on SURF key-points and vote of the corresponding candidate image are fused using weighted sum rule. The candidate image with the highest fused score is considered as the best match. The system is tested on IITK, CASIA and PolyU datasets. It has been observed that penetration rate of the proposed system is less than 30% for 0% bin miss rate (BMR) and has the identification accuracy of more than 97% for all three datasets. Further, the system is evaluated for robustness on downscaled and rotated. It has been found that the identification accuracy of the system for top best match is more than 90% for images downscaled up to 49% and accuracy is more than 85% when images are rotated at any angle.

An Efficient Palmprint Identification System Using Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging

Abstract
Ensuring the security of individuals is becoming an increasingly important problem in a variety of applications. Biometrics technology that relies on the physical and/or behavior human characteristics is capable of providing the necessary security over the standard forms of identification. Palmprint recognition is a relatively new one. Almost all the current palmprint-recognition systems are mainly based on image captured under visible light. However, multispectral and hyperspectral imaging have been recently used to improve the performance of palmprint identification. In this paper, the MultiSpectral Palmprint (MSP) and HyperSpectral Palmprint (HSP) are integrated in order to construct an efficient multimodal biometric system. The observation vector is based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Subsequently, HiddenMarkov Model (HMM) is used for modeling this vector. The proposed scheme is tested and evaluated using 350 users. Our experimental results show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed system, which brings high identification accuracy rate.

Palmprint Identification Algorithm Using Hu Invariant Moments

Abstract
Recently, Biometrics-based personal identification is regarded as an effective method of persons identity with recognition automation and high pe rformance. In this paper, the palmprint recognition method based on Hu invariant moment is proposed. And the low-resolution (75dpi) palmprint image (135135 Pixel) is used for the small scale database of the effectual palmprint recognition system. The proposed system is consists of two parts: firstly, the palmprint fixed equipment for the acquisition of the correctly palmprint image and secondly, the algorithm of the efficient processing for the palmprint recognition.

On Discriminant Orientation Extraction Using GridLDA of Line Orientation Maps for Palmprint Identification
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel Discriminant Orientation Representation, called DORIR, for palmprint identification. To extract DORIR feature, we proposed the algorithm which includes two main steps: (1) Palm line orientation map computation and (2) Discriminant feature extraction of the orientation field. In the first step, positive orientation and negative orientation maps are proposed as the input of two dimensional linear discriminant analysis (2D-LDA) for computing the class-

separability features. In the second step, the grid-sampling based 2DLDA, called Grid-LDA, is used to remove redundant information of orientation maps and form a discriminant representation more suitable for palmprint identification. The experimental results on the two public databases of Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) show that proposed technique provides a very robust orientation representation for recognition and gets the best performance in comparison with other approaches in literature.

Palmprint Recognition Based on Neighborhood Rough Set

Abstract
Feature extraction is viewed as an important preprocessing step for pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. Neighborhood rough set (NRS) based feature extracting algorithm is able to delete most of the redundant and irrelevant features, which avoid the step of data discretization and hence decreased the information lost in preprocess. In this paper, we firstly introduce the basic definitions and operations of NRS, and propose a palmprint recognition method based on NRS. The neighborhood model is used to reduce the attributes and extract the recognition features. Experimental results on PolyU palmprint database demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and feasible for palmprint recognition.

An Efficient Palmprint Based Recognition System Using 1D-DCT Features

Abstract
This paper makes use of one dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to design an efficient palmprint based recognition system. It extracts the palmprint from the hand images which are acquired using a flat bed scanner at low resolution. It uses new techniques to correct the non-uniform brightness of the palmprint and to extract features using difference of 1D-DCT coefficients of overlapping rectangular blocks of variable size and variable orientation. Features of two palmprints are matched using Hamming distance while nearest neighbor approach is used for classification. The system has been tested on three databases, viz. IITK, CASIA and PolyU databases and is found to be better than the well known palmprint systems.

Feature-Level Fusion for Effective Palmprint Authentication

Abstract
A feature-level fusion approach is proposed for improving the efficiency of palmprint identification. Multiple Gabor filters are employed to extract the phase information on a palmprint image, which is then merged according to a fusion rule to produce a single feature called the Fusion Code. The similarity of two Fusion Codes is measured by their normalized hamming distance. A database containing 7,752 palmprint images from 386 different palms is used to validate the performance of the proposed method. Empirically comparing our previous non-fusion approach and the proposed method, improvement in verification is ensured

Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Networks Committee for Palmprint Recognition

Abstract
In this paper, a novel and efficient method for recognizing palmprint based on radial basis probabilistic neural networks committee (RBPNNC) was proposed. The RBPNNC consists of several different independent neural networks trained by different feature domains of the original images. The final classification results represent a combined response of the individual networks. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) palmprint database is exploited to test our approach. The experimental results show that the RBPNNC achieves higher recognition accuracy and better classification efficiency than single feature domain.

Do multispectral palmprint images be reliable for person identification?

Abstract
This paper is concerned with an investigation of multispectral palmprint images for improving person identification by replying to the question: can multispectral palmprint images be reliable for such purpose? Two biometric systems are then proposed. In the first system, each spectral image is aligned and then used for feature extraction using 1D Log-Gabor filter. The features are encoded and Hamming distance is used for matching. The fusion at matching score level is used before the decision making. The second system is based on multiresolution analysis for feature extraction. The spectral images are decomposed into frequency sub-images with different levels of decomposition. The extracted coefficients are used as features. The MGPDF is used for modeling the features and Log-

Likelihood scores are used for matching. Fusion at the matching score level is used before decision making. A comparative study between the two systems is then developed. The experimental results are demonstrated using the PolyU multispectral database and the results show that the two proposed systems are more effective when using multispectral images than their monospectral counterpart images.

HMMs Based Palmprint Identification

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach of palmprint identification with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Palmprint is first aligned and normalized by using the boundary of the fingers. Then the continuous HMMs are used to identify palmprints. The palmprint features are extracted by using Sobel operators and projecting technique. It shows that HMMs with six states and two Gaussian mixtures can obtain the highest identification rate, 97.80%, in one-to-320 matching test. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of HMMs on the palmprint identification task.

A Two-Level Matching Scheme for Speedy and Accurate Palmprint Identification

Abstract
Although palmprint based authentication approaches have shown promising results recently, efforts are still required to achieve higher performance with low time complexity for their use in real-life high security applications. Based on these requirements, the concept of two level matching scheme using line matching in Hough space and Curve segment Hausdorff Distance (CsHD) are explored and developed for speedy and accurate palmprint identification in this paper. This method combines the advantages of both local and global feature approaches, which is able to not only absorb the variance of palmprints by transforming the palmprint pattern into a new domain, but also overcome the problem of high computation complexity when the database size increases. The system employs lowresolution palmprint images captured by normal digital camera and achieves higher identification accuracy with lower time complexity.

Robust palmprint identification based on directional representations and compressed sensing

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel approach for palmprint recognition, which contains two interesting components: directional representation and compressed sensing. Gabor wavelets can be well represented for biometric image for their similar characteristics to human visual system. However, these Gabor-based algorithms are not robust for image recognition under non-uniform illumination and suffer from the heavy computational burden. To improve the recognition performance under the low quality conditions with a fast operation speed, we propose novel palmprint recognition approach using directional representations. Firstly, the directional representation for palmprint appearance is obtained by the anisotropy filter, which is robust to drastic illumination changes and preserves important discriminative information. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) is used for feature extraction to reduce the dimensions of the palmprint images. At last, based on a sparse representation on PCA feature, the compressed sensing is used to distinguish palms from different hands. Experimental results on the PolyU palmprint database show the proposed algorithm have better performance than that of the Gabor based methods.

Palmprint Recognition Based on TwoDimensional Gabor Wavelet Transform and Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis
Abstract
A method of palmprint recognition based on Two-Dimensional Gabor(2DGabor ) Wavelet Transform and Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis(2DPCA) is proposed. This method firstly carries out 2DGabor wavelet transform for the palmprint image, so that the amplitude of the filtered image can be used as the eigenvector for the palmprint image. And the 2DPCA is used to decrease the dimension of the eigenvector, and the nearest neighbor classifier is employed for palmprint classification.Finally, simulation experiment to compare the method of palmprint recognition based on 2DGabor wavelet and 2DPCA with the method based on Gabor wavelet and PCA is conducted with the assistance of the palmprint image database provided by Hongkong Polytechnic University. The experiment shows that the palmprint recognition method based on 2DGabor wavelet transform and 2DPCA is more effective.

Palmprint Recognition Based on Translation Invariant Zernike Moments and Modular Neural Network
Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach, TIZMs & MNN, for palmprint recognition. It uses translation invariant Zernike moments (TIZMs) as palm features, and a modular neural network (MNN) as classifier. Translation invariance is added to the general Zernike moments which have very good property of rotation invariance. A fast algorithm for computing the TIZMs is adopted to improve the computation speed. The pattern set is set up by eight-order TIZMs. Because palmprint recognition is a large-scale multi-class task, it is quite difficult for a single multilayer perceptrons to be competent. A modular neural network is presented to act the classifier, which can decompose the palmprint recognition task into a series of smaller and simpler two-class sub-problems. Simulations have been done on the Polyu_PalmprintDB database. Experimental results demonstrate that higher identification rate and recognition rate are achieved by the proposed method in contrast with the straight-line segments (SLS) based method [2].