PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS OF DISEASES

Pathognomonic is a term, often used in medicine that means characteristic for a particular disease -the word pathognomonic comes from the Greek pathognomonikos meaning skilled in judging diseases Pathognomonic Signs are particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt Diseases Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Abruption Placenta Acute Myeloid eukemia Acute !enal "ailure Addison$s disease Amoebiasis Angina pectoris Appendicitis Signs Pulsating abdominal mass Painful bleeding, board-like abdomen Auer rod A#otemia, uremic frost on skin %ron#e-like skin pigmentation Mucoid, foul e&plosi'e blood tinged stool e'ine$s sign (hand clutching of chest) !ebound tenderness (Mc%urney*s point) !o'sing +ign (!ight eft ,uadrant pain with palpation in eft lower -uadrant) %uotonniere deformity, swan neck deformity, ulnar drift, %ouchard*s nodes .omiting, passing out of worms /hee#ing on e&pirations Murmur heard high on chest !ocking, spinning, routines Grayish, white discharge, malodorous !accoon*s eye Meconium staining 3ntermittent claudication 5hipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling) 5heeselike discharge 5herry pink flushed face, carbon in the secretions, non producti'e cough 6ack 7ammer +yndrome (1inel*s sign) %lurry 'ision8ha#y 'ision, cloudy 'ision Gluten sensiti'ity, watery, pale foul-

Arthritis Ascariasis Asthma Atrial +eptal 0efect Autism %acterial .aginosis %asilar "racture %reech %irth %uerger*s 0isease (1hromboangitis 2bliterans) %ulimia 4er'osa 5andidiasis 5arbon mono&ide poisoning 5arpal 1unnel +yndrome 5ataract 5eliac 0isease

Diseases 5hicken Po& 5holecystitis 5holera 5hronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis 5ushing*s +yndrome 5.A 5ystocele and !ectocele 5ytomegalo'irus infection 0engue 0etached !etina 0iabetes 9etoacidosis 0iabetes Mellitus 0iphtheria 0own +yndrome 0uchenne$s Muscular 0ystrophy ;mphysema ;ncephalitis ;nterobiasis "ailure to 1hri'e ("11) G;!0 Glaucoma Gonorrhea Gouty Arthritis Guillain-%arre 7emophilia 7enoch-+ch<nlein purpura 7epatic 0isease 7erpes =oster 7irschprung*s disease (Megacolon)

Signs smelling stool .esiculopapular rash Murphy$s sign (pain on deep inspiration when inflamed gallbladder is palpated) !ice-watery stool /asher*s woman hands Grey-1urner$s sign (ecchymosis in flank area) Moon face %uffalo 7ump 7omonymous 7emianopsia "eeling of fullness at 'agina 2wl*s eye appearance of inclusion bodies 7erman*s sign "lashes of light, shadow with curtain across the 'ision Acetone breath :P*s (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria) Pseudomembrane on tonsils, pharyn& and nasal ca'ity Protruding tongue, saddle nose, brushfield*s spots, single crease on palm Gowers$ sign %arrel chest 0ecorticate and decerebate rigidity 4octurnal itchiness !adar ga#e %arret esophagus, heartburn 1unnel 'ision %urning sensation upon urination "ormation of tophi at the earlobe usually the big toe Ascending paralysis 7emarthoses A tetrade of rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney disease in a child Asteri&is, jaundice !egional painful rash !ibbon-like, foul smelling stool

Diseases 7-mole 7odgkin*s ymphoma 7yperthyroidism 7ypocalcemia 3ncreased 32P 3ntestinal 2bstruction 3ntussusceptions 3rritable %owel +yndrome

9awasaki 0isease 9leibsiella Pneumonia 9linefelter*s +yndrome eprosy

eptospirosis i'er cirrhosis yme*s disease Malaria

Measles Meniere*s disease Meningitis Meningococcemia Monillasis Multiple +clerosis Mumps Myasthenia Gra'is (MG) Myocardial 3nfarction 4eurofibromatosis 2ral 1hrush 2steoporosis Pancreatitis

Signs Grapelike growth, large abdomen 7odgkin and !eed-+ternburg cells (giant mono- and multinucleated cells) ;&ophthalmos 1rousseau sign and 5h'ostek sign 0oll*s eye 4o passage of meconium +ausage shaped mass, dance sign, currant jelly-like stool 1ypical triad> abdominal pain with tenderness on palpation, altered bowel habits, absence of detectable disease +trawberry tongue !ed gelatinous sputum ??@ in males eonine facies (thickened lion-like facial skin) 4er'e in'ol'ement with acid fast bacilli 2range eyes +pider angioma %ull eye*s rash 5ycle of hot stage (high fe'er) followed by diaphoretic stage (sweating) and then cold stage (chilling) 9oplik$s spots .ertigo 9ernig$s sign and %rud#inski$s sign Purple petechiae /hite cheesy discharge 0escending weakness, 5harcot*s sign (intention tremor, nystagmus, scanning speech) +wollen parotid gland Ptosis (inability to open upper eyelids), nasal smile e'ine*s sign Ple&iform neurofibroma /hite patches on tongue 9yphosis 5ullen$s sign (bluish discoloration of

Diseases Parkinson*s disease Patent ductus arteriosus Pericarditis Pernicious anemia Pertusis Pertusis Phemphigus .ulgaris Phenylketonuria Placenta pre'ia Pleural effusion Pneumonia Poliomyelitis !abies !etinoblastoma !heumatic fe'er !ock Mountain +potted "e'er +cabies +carlet fe'er +ickle cell anemia +ystemic upus ;rythematosus 1etanus 1racheoesophageal fistula 1richominiasis 1urner*s +yndrome 1yphoid fe'er /hipple*s disease

Signs umbilicus) Pill-rolling tremors Machine-like murmur Pericardial friction rub !ed beefy tongue Paro&ysmal cough ending with a whoop .iolent cough without inter'ening inhalation followed by an inspiratory whoop 4ikolsky sign %lue eyes Painless bright red bleeding +tony dull percussion !usty colored sputum Poker*s sign, 7aynes sign 7ydrophobia8photophobia 5at*s eye refle& Aschoff nodules !ose colored macules /eeping itch !aspberry tongue Painful episodes or 'aso-occlusi'e crisis %utterfly rash !isus sardonicus, lockjaw :c*sA coughing, choking, cyanosis Malodorous, thin yellow discharge 9aryotype in females, webbed neck, gonadal dysgenesis !ose spots in abdomen 2culo-masticatory myorhythmia