STRUCTURAL CIVIL WORKS SPECIFICATION

INDEX 4GENERAL 5CODES AND STANDARDS 6ESCAVATION WORKS 6.3General 6.4Clearin an! re"#$al #% &#' (#il 6.5Di('#(al )CONCRETE WORKS ).3General ).4Si&e La*#ra&#r+ ).5C#n,re&e -REINFORCING STEEL -.3.a&erial -.4/an!lin -.5Fa*ri,a&i#n -.6Pla,e"en& 0FOR.WORK 0.3General 0.4De(i n an! Dra1in ( 0.5.a&erial( 0.6Fa*ri,a&i#n an! Pla,e"en& 0.)T#leran,e( 0.-Re"#$al #% F#r"1#r2 34STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK 34.3General 34.4.a&erial 34.5Fa*ri,a&i#n an! Ere,&i#n 3.4 GENERAL

These general specifications establish the quality of materials and workmanship and define how quality es measured for the civil works required for the construction of dwellings of BHP Tintaya S.A. 5.4 CODES AND STANDARDS nless otherwise specified! the following codes and standards shall apply to the e"tend indicates herein# Re la"en&# Na,i#nal !e C#n&r6,,i#ne( !el Per7 8Per6$ian Na&i#nal Re 6la&i#n( %#r C#n(&r6,&i#n(9 $%&'& (argas ) *oads+ $%&,& Suelos y (imentaciones )Soils and -oundations+ $%&.& /ise0o Sismoresistente )Seismic /esign+ $%&1& (oncreto Armado )2einforced (oncrete+ $%&3& $structuras 4et5licas )Steel Structures+ A"eri,an C#n,re&e In(&i&6&e 8ACI9: 6n general! the various standards and recommendations of the A(6 )American (oncrete 6nstitute+ 4anual of (oncrete Practice shall be adhered to in e"ecuting concrete work. Publications listed below form a part of these specifications to the e"tent referenced. The publications listed below are referred to in the te"t by the basic designation only. A(6 ''7 A(6 .&32 A(6 .'9 A(6 .17 5.3 Standard Tolerances for (oncrete (onstruction and 4aterials (old 8eather (oncreting Building (ode 2equirements for 2einforced (oncrete 4anual of (oncrete Practice :uide to -ormwork for (oncrete

5.3

5.5

A"eri,an In(&i&6&e #% S&eel C#n(&r6,&i#n 8AISC9 A6S( S.,3 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ; Allowable Strees /esign and Plastic /esign ; '<9< A6S( S.&, (ode of Standard PracticeSpecification for Streel Buildings and Bridges. A"eri,an Ir#n an! S&eel In(&i&6&e 8AISC9 an! A"eri,an Wel!in S#,ie&+ AWS A6S6 % '<93 Specification for the /esign of (old%-ormed Steel Structural 4embers. ; '<93 A8S /'.' Structural 8elding (ode A8S A=.' Specification for (overed (arbon Steel Arc 8elding $lectrodes

5.4

5.5

A"eri,an S#,ie&+ %#r Te(&in an! .a&erial( 8AST.9 AST4 A3 Specification for :eneral 2equirements for 2olled Steel Plates! Shapes! Sheet Piling and Bars for Structural se AST4 A.3 Structural Steel AST4 A'9= Specification for Steel 8elded 8ire! -abric! Plain! for (oncrete 2einforcement. AST4 A3'= Specification for /eformed and Plain Billet ; Steel Bars for (oncrete 2einforcement AST4 (.' Test 4ethods for 4aking and (uring (oncrete Test Specimens in the -ield AST4 (.. Specification for (oncrete Aggregates AST4 (.< Test 4ethod for (ompressive Strength of (ylindrical (oncrete Specimens AST4 ('.3 4ethod for Sieve Analysis of -ine and (oarse Aggregates AST4 ('1. Test 4ethod for Slump of Portland (ement (oncrete AST4 ('=& Specification for Portland (ement AST4 ('7, 4ethod of Sampling -reshly 4i"ed (oncrete AST4 (.&< Specification for *iquid 4embrane%-orming (ompounds for (uring (oncrete AST4 (1<1 Specification for (hemical Admi"tures for (oncrete AST4 (<,& $lastomeric >oint Sealants EXCAVATION WORK General The (ontractor shall furnish all labor! construction plant and material and perform all e"cavation required for the 8orks as shown on drawings or otherwise agreed with the ?wner. All e"cavation shall be performed with due regard to safety requirements by approved methods in the lines and grades shown on drawings or as otherwise agreed with the ?wner. All e"cavation areas shall be provided with adequate drainage arrangements for collection and disposal of water from whatever source. Any surface or subsurface water shall be controlled to maintain the work structures in a dry state by means of sumps! ditches or other acceptable methods. 8here e"cavated materials of specified type or quality are to be used in the 8orks! these shall be removed in a separate operation! limiting contamination from overlying or imbedded material of another type or quality. All e"cavated material shall be transported and used in the 8orks as part of temporary or permanent structures or stockpiled in readiness for future use! or permanently disposed of in spoil dumps or as otherwise agreed with the ?wner! should the material be unsuitable for construction. The (ontractor shall provide adequate supervision so that only suitable materials are used.

3.4 3.3

3.5

Clearin an! re"#$al #% &#' (#il The (ontractor shall perform clearing of the sites for structures! reservoir areas! disposal areas! and miscellaneous areas as indicated on drawings presented in the basic design. (learing shall consist of cutting and disposal of standing trees and bushes within '=& mm of the ground! the removal and disposing of all shrubs! debris and all other perishable materials including fallen trees and logs. The beds of planned watercourses shall also be cleared. The removal of and permanent disposal of cleared material shall be contained in the clearing work. Timber in the areas of permanent structures and roads may be retained and used by the (ontractor. Top soil may be e"cavated and disposed of together with the underlying material! provided this material is not to be used in the 8orks.

3.3

Di('#(al All e"cavated material not required for the 8orks shall be disposed of in defined spoil dumps in places accorded with the owner. $"cavated material to be used at a later stage in the 8orks may be temporarily stockpiled outside of the spoil dumps! as agreed with the ?wner. Temporary stockpile areas and dumps shall be cleaned and restored. ?verall! the completed spoil dumps shall be shaped and treated so that they harmoni@e with the surrounding terrain. Spoil dumps shall be graded to reasonably even surfaces with safe slopes. 8hen the final elevation is reached! the top surface shall be graded to a slight inclination to facilitate proper runoff and settlement. The top edges of slopes shall be smoothly rounded off. All surfaces e"posed to water level variations shall be protected against erosion by means of suitable material.

4.4 4.3

CONCRETE WORK General The (ontractor shall supply all material! plant and equipment required for the concrete work! perform all tests thereon and amongst other things# transport! place! compact finish and cure all concrete erect and dismantle all forms and formwork place waterstops and treat Aoints fi" all reinforcement! and embed as required all items All in accordance with these specifications and the Basic and /etailed /esign. 4.5 Si&e La*#ra&#r+ All materials for preparing concrete as well as the concrete itself must be of a high quality! and the reliability of all materials must be ascertained at the

commencement of the 8orks. Hence! a well equipped laboratory shall be established on Site. The laboratory shall be provided! equipped! maintained! staffed and managed by the (ontractor! and he shall keep a full time well%e"perienced laboratory engineer in charge thereof. The personnel working with concrete testing shall be well trained for their task. -urthermore! the facilities of the laboratory and the assistance of its personnel shall be available to the ?wner should he wish to perform independent testing. 8ell before the commencement of the casting of any Permanent 8orks structures! related pre%construction and other requisite tests shall have been carried out by the (ontractor. All testing of concrete materials and works shall be carried out in accordance with appropriate standards such as AST4 )American Society of Testing 4aterials+ or other internationally well%recogni@ed standard. As part of his Tender /esign! the (ontractor shall submit a method statement for the testing of concrete as well as a list of the laboratory equipment intended to be used for the test work and quality control. 4.3 C#n,re&e 4.3.3 General (oncrete shall be composed of cement! fine aggregate! water and accepted admi"tures! as specified herein. All bulk materials used shall be transported and stored in such a manner as to protect them at all times from the weather and from moisture or other forms of contamination. The premi"ing of materials shall be prevented at all times.. All equipment used shall have a capacity adequately greater than the anticipated normal production rate to allow for breakdown and maintenance. The surfaces of concrete structures shall have specified smoothness. The concrete cover shall have specified thickness. The mi"tures shall have specified water cement ratio and strength. The concrete shall be waterproof as specified and specified curing shall be carried out. Ce"en& (ement shall be Portland (ement Type 6! conforming to AST4 ('=& or equivalent international standard! and supplied in the manufacturerBs sealed unbroken bags. (ement shall be freeflowing and free of lumps when used. A re a&e( All concrete aggregate shall comply with AST4 (.. or equivalent international standard. Aggregate shall be obtained from naturally%occurring granular deposits! proAect e"cavated material. The (ontractor shall employ processing equipment which shall ensure well% shaped particles in all aggregate si@es and a minimum of particles which are flat or elongated. Processing of the raw materials shall include screening! washing and blending if necessary to produce fine and coarse aggregate meeting the requirements specified herein.

4.3.5

4.3.3

-ine aggregate shall be manufactured sand with a uniform and stable moisture content. 4anufactured fine aggregates shall be screened natural gravel or produced using the smallest class of aggregate produced by the coarse aggregate plant. The grading of the fine aggregate for concrete shall be within the following limits.

Sie$e (i;e 8""9 1.7= ,..3 '.'< &.3& &..& &.'=

Per,en&a e 'a((in 8*+ 1ei <&9 <=%'&& 9&%'&& =&%9= ,=%3& '&%.& ,%'&

Acceptance of aggregate grading shall be based on a sieve analysis according to AST4 ('.3 or equivalent international standard. The results obtained from the analysis shall be interpolated to ensure compliance with the above grading criteria. The (ontractor shall provide storage of aggregate stockpiles at the work site so that materials are preserved from deterioration and contamination. The aggregate storage stockpiles shall have drainage facilities preventing rain water from entering to storage areas. 4.3.5 Wa&er 8ater for aggregate washing! concrete mi"ing and curing shall be river water or from another local source. 8ater shall be clean and free from inAurious amounts of oil! acids! alkalis! sugar! salt and organic matter. The pH shall be in the range of =.= and 9.&. 6mpurity concentrations must not e"ceed the following numbers# sulfates! alkali carbonates and bicarbonates '&&& ppm chlorides =&& ppm total dissolved solids ,&&& ppm suspended solids ,&&& ppm Adequate water storage facilities shall be provided to ensure that concreting operations are not impeded by a temporary breakdown in the main supply line. 4.3.6 A!"i=&6re( 8ater%reducing and air entrainment agents shall conform to the requirements of AST4 (1<1 or equivalent international standard. The mi"ing! handling! storing and rates of application of all admi"tures shall be in accordance with the manufacturerBs recommendations. Admi"tures

incorporated into the mi" shall be of uniform consistency and quality. The admi"tureCs effects on the properties of Portland cement concrete mi"tures shall meet the requirements of AST4 (1<1 or equivalent international standard. 4.3.) C6rin "a&erial To avoid serious damage and cracking of concrete! all e"posed surfaces must be protected promptly from drying by continuous water curing. (ontinuity of water curing is assured by covering all e"posed surfaces! vertical! hori@ontal! and otherwise! with saturated burlaps. This material should be kept in direct contact with the concrete surface at all times. Alternate cycles of wetting and drying promote the development of pattern cracking! and should be avoided. 8ater for curing shall not contain any substance that is inAurious to or would stain the concrete. Alternatively! curing of concrete shall be done by applying a liquid membrane forming compounds that should comply with the requirements of AST4 (.&<. (uring compounds should not be used on surfaces that are to receive additional concrete! plaster! paint or tile that requires a positive bond! unless it has been demonstrated that the membrane can be satisfactorily removed! or it serve satisfactorily as a base for the application. 4.3.- C#n,re&e "i= !e(i n 8ater cement ratio by weight )waterDcement+ for outdoor concrete structures shall be less than &.==. The (ontractor shall prepare the trial mi"es in accordance with A(6 .'9 and using well%established procedures such as those given in A(6 ,''.' or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standards. All mi" ingredients and ratios shall be by mass in kilograms per cubic meter. The trial mi"es shall be used to determine the best proportions of the constituents of the concrete for ma"imum density! minimum water content! minimum permeability! satisfactory workability and specified strength. (ontractor shall provide test cylinder molds and cast the cylinders in accordance with AST4 ('<, or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard! and perform the AST4 (.< test on each trial mi". The concrete mi" design must establish weight%volume correlation of fine agreagate and must be based in intire number of cement bags. 4.3.0>6ali&+ C#n&r#l an! Te(&in Euality control testing of all materials used in the concrete mi"es shall be tested in accordance with the appropriate standard. This shall also apply to all concrete materials! design mi" testing and field control tests. (oncrete shall be sampled in accordance with AST4 ('7, or equivalent international standard. (ompression test specimens shall be made and cured in accordance with AST4 (.' or equivalent international standard. (ompression test specimens shall be tested in accordance with AST4 (.< or equivalent international standard. Slump and air content shall be determined in accordance with AST4 ('1. or equivalent international standards! respectively.

(oncrete shall be sampled at the point of drum mi"er discharge. . -or each concrete placement! samples for the determination of slump! shall be taken at the beginning and at the end of placement. Samples for compressive strength tests! in accordance with AST4 (.< or equivalent international standard! shall be taken at a frequency of at least one sample for each placement. -our test cylinders shall be made from each of the samples. Two of the test cylinders shall be standard cured for 7 days and tested for compressive strength. Two of the test cylinders shall be standard cured for ,9 days. $"cess or reAected concrete shall be removed from the Aob site and disposed of properly. As part of the monthly Progress 2eport the (ontractor shall supply the ?wner with the test results. 4.3.34 ?a&,<in #n .i=in #% C#n,re&e The actual batched quantities of each of the various materials! including water! materials! admi"tures and fine aggregate shall be controlled by volume. At the start of the work a carefully correlation of weight and volumen of fine aggregate must be done.and volume measuring devices for water! admi"tures and fine aggregate shall be constructed. -ractional cement bags should not be used in a batch. 4.3.33 .i=in #% ,#n,re&e The mi"ing equipment shall be capable of combining the aggregate! cement! water and other ingredients! into a thoroughly mi"ed and uniform mass! and of discharging the mi"ture without segregation. The mi"ers shall be drum spiral blade type 4i"ing shall conform to AST4 (<1 or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard. 4.3.35 /an!lin an! C#n$e+in All handling and transportation of concrete shall be conducted in such a way that segregation or loss of ingredients or damage by e"posure to the elements is prevented. $quipment used for placing the concrete shall ensure an even and adequate supply! permitting a continuous flow of the concrete without segregation of the ingredients. (oncrete shall be confined in a suitable vertical drop pipe whenever the free% fall distance e"ceeds ,m. 4.3.33 Pre'ara&i#n #% S6r%a,e( %#r C#n,re&e Pla,e"en& All surfaces on which or against which concrete is to be placed! including surfaces of construction Aoints between successive concrete placements! reinforcing steel and embedded parts! shall be thoroughly cleaned so that they are free from undesirable material. (oncrete shall not be placed against mud! dry porous earth or fill material until the required compaction has been obtained. Surface seepage and other water shall be so controlled! that at no time during placement or hardening of the concrete it will wash! mi" with! or seep into the concrete.

4.3.34 C#n(&r6,&i#n @#in&( (onstruction Aoints are defined as concrete surfaces on or against which concrete is to be placed and to which new concrete is to adhere and which have become so rigid that the new concrete cannot be incorporated integrally with that previously placed without treatment of concrete surface. All construction Aoints shall be shall be thoroughly cleaned and kept continuously moist until they are covered with concrete. (onstruction Aoints shall be provided with recesses andDor waterstops as required by the /etailed /esign. 4.3.35 Pla,in an! ,#"'a,&i#n #% ,#n,re&e Sufficient placing capacity shall be provided so that concrete can be kept plastic and free of cold Aoints during placement. (aution shall be used when placing concrete around embedded items. (oncrete placing methods and equipment shall ensure that the specified concrete mi" is conveyed and deposited at the specified slump! without segregation! and without changing or affecting the quality of the concrete. After mi"ing of the concrete! no water shall be added during the course of concrete placement. The first layer of plastic concrete placed against hardened concrete! or rock foundations shall be carefully vibrated over the contact area to provide a good bond. (oncrete placement shall be done as a continuous operation! as far as practicable! until placing in the lift! section! panel! or monolith is completed. The concrete shall be compacted and worked into all corners and angles of the forms! and around reinforcement and embedded items without permitting the component materials to segregate. Fo layer of concrete shall be placed until the previous layer in the same lift has been thoroughly consolidated! as specified in the (ontractorCs Basic /esign. $ach layer of concrete within a lift shall be covered with fresh concrete! preferably as soon as possible! but certainly within the period when the lower layer is still capable of being revibrated so that successive layers can be thoroughly worked together. (are shall be taken that no segregation occurs in placing concrete through reinforcement. All surfaces of reinforcing bars! forms and embedded steel which have become encrusted with dried mortar or grout from concrete placed previously shall be cleaned of all such mortar or grout before the surrounding or adAacent concrete is poured. Formally! compaction shall be accomplished by the use of internal vibrators. Gibrators with fle"ible operating handles shall be used for concrete in restricted forms. (are shall be taken to ensure that vibrators do not touch or disturb the reinforcement! water stops! embedded steel or forms. The vibrators shall be used systematically and at such intervals that the @ones of influence overlap. A vibrator shall be operated at any point only until the concrete is properly compacted. The (ontractor shall place the reinforcement and concrete with special care to ensure that no damage or displacement occurs to embedded equipment! and that all voids are properly filled with concrete.

(oncrete shall not be deposited directly onto the water stops. 4.3.36 C6rin (oncrete shall normally be cured by water. The method used for curing shall be described in the (ontractorCs Tender /esign. The surfaces of the concrete structures shall be kept constantly wet for a continuously period of more than '1 days after placing of the concrete. 6mmediately after placement! concrete shall be protected from premature drying! mechanical damage! and damage from rain and flowing water. (oncrete shall be protected from the damaging effects of rain for ', hours and from flowing water for 7 days. Fo fire or e"cessive heat shall be permitted near or in direct contact with concrete at any time. 6f the water used stains or discolors concrete surfaces that are to be permanently e"posed! they shall be thoroughly cleaned. 8hen wooden form sheathing is left in place during curing! the sheathing shall be kept wet at all times. The following e"ceptions are permitted# 4.3.3) Fini(<in ,#n,re&e (6r%a,e( (oncrete surfaces finished against forms shall be smooth! free from proAections! and honeycomb! and shall be in proper alignment. All unsightly ridges or fins shall be removed! and undesirable local bulging on e"posed surfaces shall be remedied by tooling and rubbing. -inishing operations shall not be performed while free water is present or appears on the concrete surface. 4.3.3- Re'air #% C#n,re&e The (ontractor shall correct all imperfections on the concrete surfaces. All honeycombed areas! damaged concrete surfaces and surface concrete to which additions are required to bring them to prescribed lines! shall be removed. All holes left by the removal of ends of form rods! holes left by anchors or supports employed by the (ontractor for his purposes and all other holes shall be neatly filled with cement%based patching mortar. 5.4 5.3 REINFORCING STEEL .a&erial All reinforcing bars shall be deformed! weldable! cold worked steel bars conforming to AST4 A3'= grade 1,&& HgDcm,. 8elded wire fabric shall conform to AST4 A'9= or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard. 8ire for tying reinforcing steel shall be black annealed iron wire! or acceptable equivalent! with a diameter not less than '.3 mm. (ertified mill test reports of reinforcing steel showing that the steel complies with the applicable specifications shall be kept in the (ontractorBs office. All reports and delivery tickets for shipments of reinforcing steel! identified with specific lots shall also be kept in the (ontractorBs office. /an!lin

5.5

Steel reinforcement shall be stored in such a manner as to avoid contact with the ground and distortion. Should steel deteriorate due to rust and scale during transport and storage it shall not be used in the Permanent 8orks. 5.3 Fa*ri,a&i#n (utting! bending! cleaning! placing and fastening in position shall conform to the requirements of all applicable sections of the A(6 .'9 or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard. All bars shall be cut and bent in accordance with design drawings. 2einforcing steel bars may be cut and bent at proAect site or at a fabricatorBs plant. 2einforcing steel bars shall not be straightened or rebent. Bars with kinks or bends other than those indicated on /etailed /esign /rawings and schedules shall not be used. Bars shall be lapped or spliced to achieve continuity in accordance with the requirements of A(6 .'9 or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard. Pla,e"en& Before being positioned! steel reinforcement shall be well cleaned and free from loose rust! scale! dirt! grease and other coatings that will reduce bond. All splashed concrete that has dried on reinforcing steel shall be removed. 2einforcing steel shall be maintained in a clean condition until completely embedded in concrete. 2einforcing steel shall be placed accurately in the positions shown on /esign /rawings and shall be held firmly in place during the placing and setting of the concrete. 2einforcing steel shall be so placed that there will be a clear distance of at least ,& mm between the reinforcing steel and anchor bolts or embedded metal work. 2einforcing steel shall be placed at a clear distance from waterstops at e"pansion Aoints. 2einforcing steel shall be maintained in position by the use of small concrete blocks! steel chairs! steel spacers! steel hangers and other steel supports and ties. 8ood supports or spreaders shall not be used. All intersections shall be securely tied e"cept that! where the bar spacing is less than .&& mm in each direction! only alternate intersections need be tied. (oncrete blocks shall have the same quality as structure concrete. 4etal support arrangements shall not be carried to permanently e"posed surfaces and shall be subAect to the same requirements with regard to concrete cover as the reinforcing steel supported. Placement tolerances shall be in accordance with A(6 .'9 or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard. FOR.WORK General I-ormsC or IformworkC shall mean the molds into which concrete is placed. I-alseworkC or IshoringC shall mean the structural supports and bracing for forms used in any part of the Permanent 8orks.

5.4

6.4 6.3

-orms and falsework shall be designed! fabricated! erected and removed in accordance with established good practice such as described in the applicable provisions of A(6 .17! :uide to -ormwork for (oncrete! and as specified herein. 6.5 De(i n an! Dra1in ( -ormwork shall be designed! constructed! supported and braced to withstand safely all loads likely to be applied before! during and after the placing of concrete. -orms shall be designed to permit the concrete to be deposited as nearly as practicable directly in its final position and to allow inspection! checking and cleanup of the placement to be completed without delay. Sufficient form ties and bolts shall be used on both sides of and close to construction Aoints to ensure that forms fit tightly against the concrete previously placed and shall remain in tight contact during the concrete placing operations. 6nternal ties consisting of bolts and rods shall be so arranged that! after forms are removed! no metal shall remain closer to the surface of the concrete than the minimum cover for reinforcement specified for the concrete. 8here shores are used! sufficient diagonal bracing shall be provided in the vertical and hori@ontal planes to prevent lateral movements of the formwork and buckling of the shores. -ootings for shores shall be sound! rigid and capable of carrying the ma"imum loads without settlement or deformation. The (ontractor shall make his own assessment of the allowable bearing pressure on the foundation material and shall design the footings and falsework to guard against overloading! differential settlement and unacceptable overall settlement. .a&erial( All materials used in formwork construction shall be of adequate strength and quality for their intended purpose and shall be thoroughly cleaned before use. 8here plywood is used! it shall be nonwarping! nonwrinkling and manufactured with special waterproof glues. Plywood sheets shall be of uniform width and length. The surface of steel or steel%lined forms shall be smooth. -orms with dents! buckled areas or other surface irregularities shall not be used. 2euse of forms and form lumber shall be allowed only if they are thoroughly cleaned and repaired when necessary and capable of producing the specified finish for the concrete. /amaged forms or forms which have deteriorated through usage shall not be used. Fa*ri,a&i#n an! 'la,e"en& -orms shall be placed so that the Aoint marks on concrete surfaces will be in alignment both hori@ontally and vertically! and the Aoints between surfaces shall be smooth. 8here forms for continuous surfaces are placed in successive units! care shall be taken to fit the forms tightly over the completed surface so as to prevent leakage concrete and to maintain accurate alignment of the surface. 8aterstops shall be fi"ed properly to the formworks.

6.3

6.4

-orm ties! supports! anchors! braces! spreaders and other similar devices which will be embedded in the concrete can incorporate threaded metal bars to facilitate removal of forms. 8ood spreaders shall not be left in the forms. Holes left in the concrete by removal of parts of form ties or similar devices shall be well filled with cement mortar. -orm inserts or other similar permanently embedded items shall be accurately located and securely fastened in place. The number and location of form ties and bolts shall be such as to ensure that forms fit tightly against the concrete previously placed and remain in tight contact during operations. -orms shall be set and maintained within the specified tolerance limits such that the complete concrete surfaces are within these limits. Before placing concrete! all form surfaces shall be lubricated with a nonstaining mineral oil. All e"cess shall be wiped off the forms prior to placement of concrete. ?il shall not be allowed to come into contact with reinforcing steel or other embedded items. (are shall be taken to avoid spillage of form oil on reinforcing steel and on previously placed concrete. Any such oil shall be removed. -orms which have been left in place for such a period that they have dried out shall receive further surface treatment. 6.5 T#leran,e( -orms shall be so constructed that the finished concrete surfaces shall be of uniform te"ture in accordance with the types of finish specified herein. -ormwork and falsework shall be designed! constructed! located! supported and braced in such a manner that variations in alignment! grade! position and dimensions of finished surfaces of concrete structures are within the tolerances specified in the (ontractorCs /etailed /esign. Re"#$al #% F#r"1#r2 -orms shall not be removed until the concrete has hardened and has reached a compressive strength sufficient to carry its own weight together with all superimposed construction loads and other portions of structure without damage! distress or undesirable distortion. The elapsed minimum time between the completion of concrete placing and the removal of forms shall generally be in accordance with A(6 .17 or equivalent internationally well%recogni@ed standard and the following# -ormwork for undersides of beams! deck type slabs! and undersides of openings generally '11 hours -ormwork for columns and walls lifts 1 m and under ,1 hours -orms shall be removed in a manner that avoids cracking! spalling! peeling! breaking of edges or surfaces! or other damage to the concrete. /efective areas! tie rod holes and voids shall be repaired as specified herein. STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK General

6.6

). ).3

The work to be performed under this (hapter consists of prefabrication and erection of various steel structures as shown on the drawings or specified or directed by the $ngineer. 6t shall include manufacturing! transportation! testing! furnishing and erection of all materials! equipment and accessories required for completing the specified structural steel works. 6t shall comprise! but shall not be limited to! the following parts# roof trusses! beams! girders! bearing plates! bolts! electrodes for welding! anchor bolts! and protective painting against corrosion. The (ontractor shall strictly observe the following specifications and shall carry out all work in a skilled and workmanlike manner in keeping with modern methods of construction. ).5 .a&erial

).5.3 General All materials and structural parts to be supplied! erected or installed and accordingly become an incorporated part of the structure shall be new and unused! unless otherwise specified in the Bill of Euantities. 4aterials shall be standardi@ed as far as possible. 4aterials and structural parts which are not standardi@ed shall comply with the relevant site requirements and shall only be used with the approval of the $ngineer. All materials shall be the best of their respective kinds! free from all imperfections that might impair their strength! durability and appearance. All materials shall meet the current applicable specifications. All material shall be well finished bars! plates! strips! angles! rolled sections! e"truded sections! etc.! as indicated and specified! clean and free from all scale! flake rust and rust pitting. All material and components shall be ordered and produced by manufacturers and suppliers with proven and documented e"perience in production of material to codes and standards required by this document. The following requirements for material shall applyJ ' Structural steel shall conform to AST4 A.3. 7 8elding electrodes shall be in accordance with A8S /'.' ).5.5 S<a'e( an! Pla&e( Shapes and Plates shall be made from carbon steel! according to AST4 A.3 requirements. The minimal mechanical properties of this steel are listed above# Kield stress )kgDmm,+ Tensile strength )kgDmm,+ Tensiles strain ) L+ ).5.3 ,= .7%1' ,=

?#l&( Bolts and nuts shall be he"agon head and shall meet the requirements of AST4 A.&7 for ordinary bolts made of low carbon steel )SA$ grade ,+.

).5.3

Wel!( Shielded metal arc welding shall be used and the electrode will be $%3& type of minimum tensile strength of 1,&& kgDcm,. The electrode material shall meet the requirements of A8S A=.' Fa*ri,a&i#n an! Ere,&i#n C#nne,&i#n( 6n general! shop connections shall be welded and field connections shall be bolted. All bolted connections for structural framing shall be made using AST4 A.&7 bolts. indicated on the drawings. 8elded connections shall be completed in accordance with A8S /'.'. Fa*ri,a&i#n All work shall be performed to the best modern practice in the manufacture and fabrication of materials of the type covered by these specifications. /etails of fabrication not covered by /etailed /esign /rawings or by these specifications shall conform to the applicable provisions of A6S( ISpecifications for Structural Steel BuildingsC. The (ontractor shall fabricate steelworks in accordance with the accepted shop drawings and all requirements of A6S( ISpecifications for Structural Steel BuildingsC. All work shall be square! true! straight! and accurate to the required si@e! with Aoints closely fitted and properly secured. All shearing! planing and machine flame%cutting shall be done neatly and accurately. All Aoints that depend on bearing contact for transfer of load shall have the bearing surfaces machined to a common plane. Ere,&i#n :eneral# $rection of structural steel shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of the A6S( Specification! unless otherwise indicated. $ach part of structures shall be properly aligned before competing field connections. All members in completed trussed shall be true to line and free of bends! twists and open Aoints. (onnections# Anchor bolts and other connections between the structural steel and the concrete structure shall be provided and shall be properly located and embedded. -ield%8elded (onnections# -ield%welded structural connections shall be completed in accordance with A8S /'.'. (orrection of $rrors# 4inor misfits may be corrected by moderate amounts of reaming! chipping or slight cutting! and the drawing of elements into line through the use of drift pins. All shop errors shall be reported and the proposed method of correction shall be submitted to the manager for approval. C#rr#(i#n 'r#&e,&i#n The (ontractor shall adequately protect all parts of the 8orks against corrosion under service conditions and during transport! storage and erection. The surface treatment shall in general be carried out at the manufacturerCs facilities.

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Pain&in Prior to shipment! the steel shall be cleaned and primed or galvani@ed as required using material and procedures outlined below. 6tems in contact with concrete! friction connection surfaces! machined surfaces! surfaces to be field welded and galvani@ed items shall not be primed. $"ternal surfaces shall in general be treated as follows# (leaning surfaces by sand%blasting. The steel surface shall be white metal according to SA .. 6mmediately after sand%blasting! application of a fast drying alkyd primer to a total dry film thickness not less than ,.& mils. Application of second coating of anticorrosive paint after about eight hours later. The final total dry anticorrosive film thickness shall not be less than 1.& mils. Application of two finishing coatings with paint of a single pack alkyd gloss finish. T#6,< U' Pain&in After completing erection! surfaces where paint was omitted for field welding! field bolts an all areas damaged subsecuent to shop priming and finish coating shall be repaired! cleaned and touch up painted with the same color! so that all structural steel is completely coated.

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