CIE626 Structural Control

P5-1

PROJECT PHASE 5 RETROFIT OF BUILDING WITH VISCOUS DAMPERS

Objective The objective of the fifth phase of the project is to retrofit the original building structure with linear viscous-type dampers for the three different design ground motions considered.

Description and Locations of Viscous Dampers The retrofit strategy for the structure suggested by the architect consists of introducing a chevron braced frame in the middle bay of each moment resisting frame and installing viscous-type energy dissipating devices at one end of the bracing members, as shown in Fig. 1. The bracing members must be designed to sustain the maximum load developed by the viscous damper. Brace forces induced by gravity loads can be ignored in the design of the bracing and viscous energy dissipating systems, as the braces would be installed to the existing building and that live loads will have a negligible effect on the bracing members. The retrofit system considered incorporates at one end of the bracing members, linear viscous damper connections with an axial force linearly proportional to the relative velocity between ends. This system exhibits the elliptical hysteretic behaviour shown in Fig. 2.

ADDED BRACING AND VICOUS DAMPERS

Figure 1. Locations of Added Bracing and Viscous Dampers.

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Figure 2. Hysteretic Behaviour of Linear Viscous Dampers. Retrofit Strategy The two parameters to be determined for the retrofit of the building structure are: The linear damping constant (CL) for each damper along the building height. The section of each diagonal cross-brace along the building height.

For the retrofit, the architect suggested that hollow steel section be used for the cross braces. Analysis Required The following analysis results must be included in Phase 5 of the Project: a) Preliminary Design The procedure adopted to determine the optimum viscous damping constant and cross-bracing distributions must be clearly presented and all the methods and assumptions used must be substantiated and referenced. b) Intermediate Analyses All intermediate analyses leading to the final design must be documented and the key results presented in appendices along with design calculations. Validation of the dashpot element on a single-degree-of-freedom system could be considered.

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P5-3

c) Final Design The final choice of the optimum viscous damping and cross-bracing distributions must be clearly presented and the reason why this optimum solution was retained must be clearly argued. d) Final Design Check The computer program RUAUMOKO and the post-processor DYNAPLOT must be used to analyse the building retrofitted with the final linear viscous cross-braced solution under each of the three design ground motions considered. The following analysis results must be compared with the ones obtained for the original building in the Phase 3 of the Project: pushover curves, energy balance, plastic hinge distribution, envelopes of peak and residual inter-storey drifts, and envelopes of peak absolute floor accelerations. Based on the results obtained above, describe the expected seismic performance of the building retrofitted with linear viscous dampers under the design ground motions considered. Use the FEMA-356 document as guideline. This description should be such that the performance of the building can be understood by the owner of the building. For this optimum solution, provide the characteristics of the each linear viscous damper needed for fabrication.

e) Retrofit Modification with Nonlinear Viscous Dampers Using the energy equivalency procedure described by Equation (6.67) of the textbook, modify the linear damping constant for each damper (CL) to a nonlinear damping constant (CNL) assuming that a velocity coefficient vd = 0.5 will be used for all dampers. For this purpose, use the maximum displacement in each damper obtained from the linear damping solution to evaluate CNL. Use the computer program RUAUMOKO and the post-processor DYNAPLOT to analyse the building retrofitted with this nonlinear viscous cross-braced solution under each of the three design ground motions considered. The following analysis results must be compared with the ones obtained for the optimum linear viscous damping solution and for the original building in the Phase 3 of the Project: pushover curve, energy balance, plastic hinge distribution, envelopes of peak and residual interstorey drifts, and envelopes of peak absolute floor accelerations. Based on the results obtained above, describe the expected seismic performance of the building retrofitted with nonlinear viscous dampers under the design ground motions considered. Use the FEMA-356 document as guideline. This description

CIE626 Structural Control

P5-4

should be such that the performance of the building can be understood by the owner of the building. For this optimum solution, provide the characteristics of the each linear viscous damper needed for fabrication.