NUMBERS 1. Natural Numbers: counting numbers 1,2,3,4,5.. are called natural numbers 2.

Whole Numbers: All counting numbers together with zero from the set of whole numbers, thus (a) is the onl! whole number which is not a natural number.

(b) e"er! natural number is a whole number. 3. Integers: all natural numbers, and negati"e counting numbers i.e, #..,$3,$2,$1, ,1,2,3,.% together form the set of integers. (a) Positive Integers: #1,2,3,4,.% is the set of all &ositi"e integers. (b) Negative Integers: #$1,$2,$3,.% is the set of all negati"e integers. (c) Non Positive n! " Non Negative Integers: is neither &ositi"e nor negati"e .so # ,1,2,3% re&resents the set of non$ negati"e integers, while # ,$1,$2,$3% re&resent the set of non$ &ositi"e integers. #. Even Number: a number di"isible b! 2 is called e"en number .e. g 2,4,',(, 1 etc $. %!! Numbers: a number not di"isible b! 2 is called an odd number e.g 1,3,5,),*,11 etc &. Prime Number: a number greater than 1 is called a &rime number ,if it has e+actl! two factors ,namel! 1 and the number itself. 'here are 2$ (rime numbers u(to 1)) are: 2,3,5,),11,13,1),1*,23,2*,31,3),41,43,4),53,5*,'1,'),)1,)3,)*,(3, (*,()

Prime number greater than 1)): let & be a gi"en number greater than 1 .to find out whether it is &rime or not, we use the following method, -ind a whole number nearl! greater than the s.uare root of &. let / 0root &. test whether & is di"isible b! an! &rime number less than /. if !es then & is not a &rime number. 1therwise, & is &rime e.g. we ha"e to find whether 1*1 is a &rime number or not. 2ow 14 0 root 1*1 &rime numbers less than 14 are 2, 3, 5,),*,11,13. 1*1 is not di"isible b! an! of them.so, 1*1 is a &rime number. *. +om(osite Number: numbers greater than 1 which are not &rime are /nown as com&osite numbers. 3.g. 4,',(,1 ,12 Note: (a) 1 is neither &rime nor com&osite. (b) 2 is the onl! e"en number which is &rime (c) 4here are 25 &rime numbers between1 to 1 .

,. +o-Primes: two numbers a and b are said to be co$&rimes, if their 5.6.- is 1 e.g. (2,3),(4,5),(),*),((,11), etc are co$&rimes. Rational numbers Rational number is a number. /hi0h 0an be (ut in 1orm. /here

( an! 2 are both integers an! 2 3). rational number ma4 be (ositive. negative or 5ero. a rational number 0an be e6(resse! as a !e0imal. a rational number ma4 be terminating !e0imal or non-terminating. re(eating !e0imal.

Irrational number

Irrational number is a number./hi0h 0annot b (ut in the 1orm 1orm./here ( an! 2 are both integers an! 23). n irrational number is a non terminating .non re(eating !e0imal. Eg

RE 7 number Pro(erties o1 rational8irrational numbers

real number ma4 be rational or irrational . 9a: sum or !i11eren0e o1 a rational number an! an irrational number is al/a4s an irrational number 9b: the (ro!u0t o1 a rational number9other than 5ero: an! an irrational number is also an irrational number 90 : sum. !i11eren0e. (ro!u0t or 2uotient o1 t/o irrational numbers ma4 be rational number or irrational number sur! or a ra!i0al is (ositive n root o1 ;a< /here ;a< 0annot be /ritten as s2uare o1 an4 rational number e.g. .

Sur!8re!i0al

'est o1 !ivisibilit4: 1.!ivisibilit4 b4 2: A number is di"isible b! 2,if its unit7s digit is an! of ,2,4,',(

2.!ivisibilit4 b4 3: A number is di"isible b! 3,if the sum of its digits is di"ided b! 3. 3. !ivisibilit4 b4 #: A number is di"isible b! 4,if the number formed b! the last two digit di"isible b! 4 #. !ivisibilit4 b4 $: A number is di"isible 5,if the unit &lace is either or 5.4hus 2 (2 and 5 345 are di"isible b! 5,while 3 *34 and 4 *4' are not $. !ivisibilit4 b4 &:A number is di"isible b! ',if it is di"isible b! both 2 and 3 38.4he number 3525' is clearl! di"isible b! 2 9um of its digits:(3;5;2;5;'):21 which is di"isible b! 3 4hus 3525' is di"isible b! ' '.!ivisibilit4 b4 *:4o chec/ whether the no is di"isible b! ) ,first remo"e the unit digit and subtract its double from remaining number,re&eat the &rocess until !ou get ) or two digit multi&le of ), *. !ivisibilit4 b4 ,: A number is di"isible b! (,if the number formed b! the last three digit of gi"en number is di"isible b! (. 3.+ *533' is di"isible b! (,since the number formed b! last three digits is 3' which is di"isible b! (. ,. !ivisibilit4 b4 =:A number is di"isible b! *,if the sum of its digits is di"isible b! * 3.+. ' )32 is di"isible b! *,since sum of digits :('; ;);3;2):1(,which is di"isible b! *. =. !ivisibilit4 b4 11: A number is di"isible b! 11,if the difference of the sum of its digits at odd &laces and the sum of digits at e"en &laces,is either or a number di"isible b! 11. 1). !ivisibilit4 b4 12: A number is di"isible b! 12,if it is di"isible b! both 4 and 3

3.8 consider the number 34'32 i)the number formed b! last two digit is 32 which is di"isible b! 4 ii)sum of digits:(3;4;';3;2):1( which is di"isible b! 3 4hus 34'32 <s di"isible b! 4 as well as 3 hence 34'32 is di"isible b 12 11. <f in an! number the digit re&eat thrice then this number will be di"isible b! 3 and 3).e+am&le 222,))),131313,(5'(5'(5'. 12 if an! number an! digit re&eat si+ times then this number must be di"isible 3,),11,13. 3+am&le 222222,)))))),121212121212. %ther (oints: 1) di"idend, 4he number to be di"ided is called the di"idend. 2)di"isor, 4he number b! which it is di"ided is called the di"isor 3)=uotient, 4he number which tells how man! times the di"isor is contained in the di"idend is called the .uotient. 4)>emainder, <f the di"idend does not contain the di"isor on e+act number of times and we ta/e awa! from the di"idend7s man! times the di"isor as we can, what is left is called remainder. ?hen there is no remainder, the di"ision is called to be e+act. 5)<n e+act di"ision @i"idend:(@i"isor A .uotient ; remainder) ') <n e+act di"ision @i"idend B di"isor:.uotient )) .uotientA di"isor :di"idend ()di"isor: C remainder

E>ER+ISE 1. 4he sum of two numbers is 22. -i"e times one number is e.ual to ' times the other. 4he bigger of the two numbers is a)1 b)12D c)15 d)1'

2. <f the sum of two numbers is 22 and the sum of their s.uares is 4 4, then the &roduct of the numbers is a)4 D b)44 c)( d)((

3. 4hree times the first of three consecuti"e odd integers is 3 more than twice the third. 4he third integer is a)* b)11 c)13 d)15D

4. A number is doubled and * is added. <f the resultant is trebled, it becomes )5. ?hat is that numberE a)3.5 these b)' c)(D d)2one of

5. A number consists of 3 digits whose sum is 1 . 4he middle digit is e.ual to the sum of the other two and the number will be inceased b! ** if its digits are reser"ed. 4he number is a)145 b)253D c)3) d)352

'. <n a &air of fractions, fractions A is twice the fraction F and the &roduct of two fractions is 2G25. ?hat is the "alue of fraction AE

a)1G5 inade.uate

b)1G25

c)2G5D

d)@ata

). 4he difference between two numbers is 135'. ?hen the larger number is di"ided b! the smaller one, the .uotient is ' and the remainder is 15. 4he smaller number is a)24 b)2) D c)2*5 d)3'

(. 4he &roduct of two numbers is 12 and the sum of their s.uares is 2(*. 4he sum of the number is a)2 b)23D c)1'* d)1**

*. <f doubling a number and adding 2 to the result gi"es the same answer as multi&l!ing the number b! ( and ta/ing awa! 4 from the &roduct, the number is a)2 b)3 c)4D d)'

1 . -ind the number which when multi&lied b! 15 is increased b! 1*'. a)14D b)2 c)2' d)2(

11. 4he difference between a two$digit number and the number obtained b! interchanging the &ositions of its digits is 3'. ?hat is the difference between the two digits of that numberE a)3 b)4D c)* d)2one of these

12. 4he sum of two numbers is 4 and their &roduct is 3)5. ?hat will be the sum of their reci&rocalsE a)1G4 b)(G)5D c))5G4 c))5G(

13. <f the sum of a number and its s.uare is 1(2, what is the numberE

a)15 theseD

b)2'

c)2(

d)2one of

14. 4he difference between a two$digit number and the number obtained b! interchanging the digits is 3'. ?hat is the difference between the sum and the difference of the digits of the number if the ratio between the digits of the number is 1 , 2 E a)4 b)' c)(D d)1'

15. -ind a number such that when 15 is subtracted from ) times the number, the result is 1 more than twice the number a)1 b)3 c) 5D d)*

1'. 4he sum of two numbers is 25 and their difference is 13. -ind their &roductE a)1 4 b)114D c)315 d)325

1).A number was di"ided successi"el! in order b! 4,' and '.4he remainder were res&ecti"el! 2,3 and 4.4he number is a)214 b)4)' c)*54 d)1* (

1(.?hen a number is di"ided b! 32,the remainder is 2*.?hen the same number is di"ided b! 1',what will be the remainderE a)11 b)13D c)15 d)1)

1*.?hen a number is di"ided b! 13,the remainder is 11.?hen the same number is di"ided b! 1),the remainder is *,what is the remainderE a)33* b)34*D c)3'* d)35

2 .4he smallest number of fi"e digit which is e+actl! di"isible b! 4)' is a)1 b)1 4)2D c)1 4)' d)4)'