11/19/13

Leakage Classification of Control Valves

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

Classification of seat leakages through control valves
Control valves are designed to throttle and not necessary to close 100%. A control valve's ability to shut off has to do with many factors as the type of valves for instance. A double seated control valve have very poor shut off capability. The guiding, seat material, actuator thrust, pressure drop, and the type of fluid can all play a part in how well a particular control valve shuts off.

Seat Leakage Classifications

There are actually six different seat leakage classifications as defined by ANSI/FCI 70-2 2006 (European equivalent standard IEC 60534-4). The most common used are CLASS IV CLASS Vl CLASS IV is also known as metal to metal. It is the kind of leakage rate you can expect from a valve with a metal plug and metal seat. CLASS Vl is known as a soft seat classification. Soft Seat Valves are those where either the plug or seat or both are made from some kind of composition material such as Teflon or similar.

Valve Leakage Classifications

Class I - Valve Leakage Classifications Identical to Class II, III, and IV in construction and design intent, but no actual shop test is made. Cass I is also known as dust tight and can refer to metal or resilient seated valves. Class II - Valve Leakage Classifications
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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

Intended for double port or balanced singe port valves with a metal piston ring seal and metal to metal seats. 0.5% leakage of full open valve capacity. Service dP or 50 psid (3.4 bar differential), whichever is lower at 50 to 125 oF. Test medium air at 45 to 60 psig is the test fluid. Typical constructions: Balanced, single port, single graphite piston ring, metal seat, low seat load Balanced, double port, metal seats, high seat load Class III - Valve Leakage Classifications Intended for the same types of valves as in Class II. 0.1% leakage of full open valve capacity. Service dP or 50 psid (3.4 bar differential), whichever is lower at 50 to 125 oF. Test medium air at 45 to 60 psig is the test fluid. Typical constructions: Balanced, double port, soft seats, low seat load Balanced, single port, single graphite piston ring, lapped metal seats, medium seat load Class IV - Valve Leakage Classifications Intended for single port and balanced single port valves with extra tight piston seals and metal to-metal seats. 0.01% leakage of full open valve capacity. Service dP or 50 psid (3.4 bar differential), whichever is lower at 50 to 125 oF. Test medium air at 45 to 60 psig is the test fluid. Typical constructions: Balanced, single port, Teflon piston ring, lapped metal seats, medium seat load Balanced, single port, multiple graphite piston rings, lapped metal seats Unbalanced, single port, lapped metal seats, medium seat load Class IV is also known as metal to metal Class V - Valve Leakage Classifications
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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

Intended for the same types of valves as Class IV. The test fluid is water at 100 psig or operating pressure. Leakage allowed is limited to 5 x 10 ml per minute per inch of orifice diameter per psi differential. Service dP at 50 to 125 oF. Typical constructions: Unbalanced, single port, lapped metal seats, high seat load Balanced, single port, Teflon piston rings, soft seats, low seat load Unbalanced, single port, soft metal seats, high seat load Class Vl - Valve Leakage Classifications Class Vl is known as a soft seat classification. Soft Seat Valves are those where the seat or shut-off disc or both are made from some kind of resilient material such as Teflon. Intended for resilient seating valves. The test fluid is air or nitrogen. Pressure is the lesser of 50 psig or operating pressure. The leakage limit depends on valve size and ranges from 0.15 to 6.75 ml per minute for valve sizes 1 through 8 inches. Port Diameter inches 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 Typical constructions: Unbalanced, single port, soft seats, low load
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Millimeters 25 38 51 64 76 102 152 203 254 305

Bubbles per minute 1 2 3 4 6 11 27 45 63 81

ml per minute 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.90 1.70 4.00 6.75 9 11.5

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

Control Valve Leakage Classification - Overview

Testing Maximum Procedures Leakage Class Leakage Test Medium Test Pressure Required for Designation Allowable Establishing Rating No test I x x x required 45 - 60 psig or 45 - 60 psig or maximum maximum Air or water at 0.5% of rated operating operating II 50 - 125o F capacity differential differential (10 - 52oC) whichever is whichever is lower lower 0.1% of rated III As above As above As above capacity 0.01% of rated IV As above As above As above capacity Maximum Maximum 0.0005 ml per service service minute of Water at 50 pressure drop pressure drop water per inch to125oF (10 to across valve across valve of port plug not to plug not to 52oC) diameter per exceed ANSI exceed ANSI psi differential body rating body rating Actuator should be 50 psig or max adjusted to rated operating Not to exceed Air or nitrogen differential conditions amounts o at 50 to 125 F pressure specified with shown in the full normal (10 to 52oC) across valve table above plug whichever closing thrust is lower applied to valve plug seat

VI

Related Topics
Control Valves Control Valve terminology, bodies, trim, flow characteristics, Cv and Kv sizing, noise, actuators and positioners
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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

Related Documents
Water Control Valves - Calculating Kv Values Design of water process control valves and their Kv values Control Valves and Flow Characteristics The relationship between control valve capacity and stem traveling Valves - Types Classifications of valves

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

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