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De La Salle University Dasmarias College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology College of Engineering

A Final Project in Circuit Analysis I Laboratory AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHT

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in the Course

EET311La: Circuit Analysis I Laboratory

Submitted by: Group No: 5 Group Member:

Submitted to: Engr. Leslie Divina Date Submitted: October 7, 2013

Maravilla, Rey Alfonso D.

Mendoza, Miguel Lorenzo V.

Ting, Keanu Christopher S.

Tria, John Ferdie V.

Valencia, Rizsel Angelica

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Project Objective II. Abstract III. Background of the Project IV. Engineering Application V. Photo Documentation A. Materials and Cost B. Project Making C. Final Output

I. Project Objective To apply the concepts and lessons learned about the different components and methods that can be used in making circuit project. To produce a project that can be helpful and useful during emergency blackouts. To discover more components which are unfamiliar and to know its use and function when applied in the circuit. To know more about the components that were used in laboratory activities.

II. Abstract Emergency lights are a useful tool in circumstances if there is power deficiency and emergencies. Emergency lights are seen on places where dark paths, stairs and exits are located and is a fundamental requirement on buildings and commercial places for emergency purposes. The emergency light is capable of running in a 6 volt rechargeable battery and automatically switches on when there is a shortage in electricity and is capable of light sensing, thus only turns on when there is no light detected.

III. Background of the Project These days an emergency light is required both for industrial and domestic purpose. It will be more useful to construct an emergency light which can sense the mains power supply. Such type of automatic emergency light is one of the requirements of todays life since the electricity is not always there nowadays to supply at least light. Taking this in consideration we are intend to construct an "Automatic Emergency Light". This type of emergency light will be very much useful for any important event in such a way that the power supply

from the system goes off. The emergency light can be placed in a fixed position in those important places, connected to the main supply. Whenever the main supply goes off, the light automatically glows and there will be no disruption in any work. However, generators have some drawbacks compared to emergency light such as high cost, need of more space and above all, it is quite noisy. However, it become more advantageous to have an emergency light in order to provide the immediate lighting power whenever mains supply goes off. IV. Engineering Application This simple emergency lamp is a useful device which can be used during emergency blackouts. This emergency lamp automatically switches on when electricity runs out and it doesnt detect any source of light. When it detects any source of light, it will automatically switch on to conserve energy. Rechargeable battery is used to run the whole circuit during the time that there is no electricity and when the electricity comes back it will again charge the battery so that it will be available again for future usage. Lessons from the different subjects is applied and proved through the experimentation and analysis of the circuit and how it works because of the components that can be seen in the circuit. From a 220V of an AC from outlet, the transformer should step down the voltage to a 9V supply for the circuit. This 9V source will be transformed to a 9V DC supply by the use the bridge rectifier diode. It is consists of four diodes connected in the bridge and rectifies the current to form a DC supply for the whole circuit. This 9V source will be transformed to a 9V DC supply by the use the bridge rectifier diode. It is consists of four diodes connected in the bridge and rectifies the current to form a DC supply for the whole circuit. The pulsating DC 9V voltage will be filtered by the 470F capacitor. Then the 9V will be regulated to 8V by the KA7808 voltage regulator and will be used to charge the 6 V rechargeable battery. Now when the AC source is cut (blackout), the battery will now be the source of electricity. In DC mode, there are two cases that will happen; first, the arrays will turn on if the circuit doesnt sense light and second, it will turn on if it does. In the first case, the current from the DC supply will not pass through the base of the BC548B transistor because as its name suggests, the light dependent resistor (LDR) needs light to have resistance and also conduct electricity, which means it will not work. Instead, the current will pass through the IRF540 N-channel MOSFET causing it to be properly bias turning the arrays on. While in the second case, when light is present, the LDR will now start to conduct electricity now causing the current from the supply to split in to two parts; the first current will flow in to the base of the transistor causing the other current to pass through the collector to the emitter of the transistor then back to the DC supply that is why the arrays are off at this case. This emergency light is placed near exits where people can easily see. This project can be used in malls, households, and other places. It saves energy because it uses LED to give light. These LEDs turn on at 3.4V and uses a max current of 20mA and so the power dissipated is approximately 70mW. The circuit uses 24 LEDs so the total power dissipated is 1.5W. It really is an energy saver, amazing!

V. Photo Documentation A. Materials and Cost i. photos of raw materials used

Multi-tapped transformer

resistors

plug

JRF540 FET

MOSFET

Electrolytic capacitor

BJT

LED

potentiometer

2N3904 diodes

alligator clips

Copper board

fuse box

lead

List of materials used: Multi-tapped transformer resistors plug Electrolytic capacitor Potentiometer 2N3904 diodes Alligator clips Copper board Fuse box lead BJT JRF540 FET MOSFET LED

ii.

Receipts obtained after buying the components/materials

iii.

Breakdown of expenses and total expense COMPONENT AMOUNT (Pesos) 9.00 20.00 55.00 33.00 15.00 240.00 10.00 120.00 40.00 15.00 5.00 12.00 15.00 55.00 80.00 75.00 24.00 600.00 TOTAL 1411.00

9pcs. Resistors (1/4 Watt- 10k) 2pcs. PCB (2x3) 1pc. IRF-540 1pc. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) 1pc. Potentiometer 1pc. Sealed Rechargeable Battery 1pc. Red LED 1pc. Multi-Tapped transformer 1pc. Plug 1pc. Capacitor 470 microFarad 1pc. Capacitor 0.1 microFarad 2pc. 1N4007 and 4pcs. 1N4001 diode 1pc. BJT (BC548B) 1pc. IRF540 FET Transistor 8pc. Bright White LEDs Alligator Clips Connecting Wires (2m) Case

B. Project Making Picture 1.a Trying the circuit in the breadboard ; Picture 1.b operation of the circuit when no light

Picture 1.a

Picture 1.b

Picture 2.a, 2.b and 2.c Etching and making the PCB

Picture 2.a

Picture 2.b Picture 3.a, 3.b, 3.c Drilling the PCB

Picture 2.c

Picture 3.a

Picture 3.b

Picture 3.c

Picture 4.a and 4.b Inserting the components into the PCB

Picture 4.a

Picture 4.b

Picture 5.a, 5.b, 5.c Soldering the components

Picture 5.a

Picture 5.b

Picture 5.c

Picture 6.a, 6.b, 6.c and 6.d Testing the project

Picture 6.a

Picture 6.b

Picture 6.c

Picture 6.d

C. Final Output [i. solo photo of the project ii. photo showing labels of each component iii. photo of the project showing its operation] i. Solo photo of the project

Emergency light while connected to the outlet ii. Labels of each component

Emergency light while disconnected

Array

6V battery

Complete circuit board- potentiometer 1N4001 x4 Resistors -10k and 2 1k ohms 1N4007 x2 Voltage regulator - 7808 IRF 540 capacitors- .1 and 470 microfarads RED LED LDR

iii.

Operation of the Project

Circuit plugged in the outlet

Circuit in dim light

LDR at operation

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