International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Power Generation Schedule for Economical Aspects Using Evolutionary Technique

S. R. Vyas1, Dr. Rajeev Gupta2
1 2

Research Scholar, Mewar University, Chhitorgrah. India, Dean EC Dept., University College of Engg. RTU, Kota. India,

Abstract
There are so many important factor for the power plant and power system Economic load dispatch and environmental effect are important optimization task in power system operation for allocating generation among the committed units such that the constraints imposed are satisfied and the energy requirement in terms of different variance .Reduction in fuel costs done of power generation by proper load dispatch schedule. So the overall costing of operation of power system can be reduced. Minimum generation costs are achieved by economic scheduling of different generating plant of power system by their maximum and minimum capacity and load demand. By economic load scheduling we mean to find the generation of the different generators or plants so that the total fuel cost is minimum and at the same time the total losses and demand at any instant must be the total generation. MATLAB program is used to achieve above requirement and arrange generation plant according to the program output for the efficient operation of the power system .

Keywords: Economic Load dispatch, Evolutionary technique, Environment, Emission

1. INTRODUCTION
However, economic load dispatch is not so important in the beginning when there were small power generating plants for each locality, such as urban power system, but now with the growth in the power demand and at the same time guarantee regarding the continuity of the power supply to the consumer under normal condition have force the power system engineers to developed grid system. For such system the economic load dispatch problem has became increasingly important. The definition of economic dispatch provided the operation of generation facilities to produce energy at the lowest cost to reliably serve consumers, recognizing any operational limits of generation and transmission facilities [3]. The conventional economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of power generation involves allocation of power generation to different thermal units to minimize the operating cost subject to diverse equality and inequality constraints of the power system. This makes the ELD problem a large-scale highly nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Allocation of generation output should be made on economic basis and must be made instantly when load changes.

2. PROBLEM FORMULATION
The objective of solving the economic dispatch problem in electric power system is to determine the generation levels for all on-line units which minimize the total fuel cost and minimizing the emission level of the system, while satisfying a set of constraints. It can be formulated as follows[9]
N

FT

F1+ F2+ F3+ -------- +Fi (Pi)

Fi(P )
i i 1

The conventional economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of power generation involves allocation of power generation to different thermal units to minimize the operating cost subject to diverse physical constraints of the power system. Main effective constraint from above is primary constraints or Equality constraints and Secondary constraints or Inequality constraints. Primary constraints or Equality constraints, Secondary constraints or Inequality constraints are as per given below. Primary constraint or equality constraint is the generator output and equation is as per given [1].
N

Pg
i 1

= Pd

Pg
i 1

= Pd +PLOSS

Pd = total load connected to the grid and P LOSS = total loss in the system Secondary constraints or Inequality constraints is the maximum and minimum capacity of individual power plant[4]. Pmin Pi Pmax The minimal power output is determined by technical conditions or other factors of the boiler or turbine. Generally, the minimum load at which a unit can operate is influenced more by the steam generator and the regenerative cycle than by the turbine. The only critical parameters for the turbine are shell and rotor metal differential temperatures, exhaust hood

Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2013

Page 98

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
temperature, and rotor and shell expansion. Minimum load limitations of the boiler are generally caused by fuel combustion stability, and the values, which will differ with different types of boiler and fuel. Minimum load limitations of the turbine - generator unit are caused by inherent steam generator design. The maximum power output of the generating unit is determined by the thermal limit of plant, capacity or rate capacity of the boiler, turbine, or generator [8].

3. METHODOLOGY
Evolutionary Algorithms are optimization techniques based on the concept of a population of individuals that evolve and improve their fitness through probabilistic operators like recombination and mutation. These individuals are evaluated and those that perform better are selected to compose the population in the next generation. After several generations these individuals improve their fitness as they explore the solution space for optimal value. The field of evolutionary computation has experienced significant growth in the optimization area. These algorithms are capable of solving complex optimization problems such as those with a non-continuous, non-convex and highly nonlinear solution space. In addition, they can solve problem that feature discrete or binary variables, which are extremely difficult[6]. Several algorithms have been developed within the field of Evolutionary Computation (EC) being the most studied Genetic Algorithms were first conceived in the 1960s when Evolutionary Computation started to get attention. Recently, the success achieved by EAs in the solution of complex problems and the improvement made in computation such as parallel co stimulated the development of new algorithms like Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) and scatter search present great convergence characteristics and capability of determining global optima. Evolutionary algorithms have been successfully applied to many optimization problems within the power systems area and to the economic dispatch problem. Some steps for the above algorithm is as per given. [9]

4. TEST PROBLEM
The economic load dispatch (ELD) problem was solved using the differential evolution algorithm. The simulation was performed on the Np generators test system described as per equation the parameters used for the different system are decided as per their technical specification and their limits. And on the base of this we get the output for the Economic load dispatch problem. Develop Matlab programming for the calculation of the above system and try to evaluate whole system. Now prepare Flowchart and Algorithms for the programming of our system and calculation. From this flowchart and Algorithms we develop Matlab base programming [2]. Now compare our programming with classical method of solution as discussed in the former chapter now we take one simple case for the comparison of system. Here we take classical method for the solution of Economic load dispatch problem [6]. From the program we get the result for the Economic schedule of generator for the given load condition. For the running of above program some data of the generator is required which are as per the given below. Table 1 Generator data
No. of Generator 1 2 3 Generator rating in Mw. 210 210 120 Maximum Value in Mw. 240 238 100 Minimum Value in Mw. 90 85 20

Data for the generator is as per the given below Table 2 Generation coeffecient
Sr.No. 1 2 3 ai 0.00524 0.00608 0.00592 bi 8.664 10.05 9.75 ci 328.12 136.92 59.15

Loss Coefficient for the generator is as per the below. From this we can calculate the cost function for the generation.

5. RESULT
From above calculate the value for the generation cost for the 300MW. Output from the three power plant with total loss addition and limit total cost of generation is as per given in fig. 1. Result is included with generator limit and loss co efficient of the individual power plant

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Fig.1 Graph between iteration and generation cost for the 10 generation

6. CONCLUSION
As per result given in table total generation cost can be reduced with the help of evolutionary technique. At every iteration total cost for the generation is reduced and then its become constant for fixed its called minimum value or the optimum point for the output

REFERENCES
[1] Abido, M. A., A novel multi objective evolutionary algorithm for environmental/economic power dispatch, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 65, No.1, pp. 71-81, 2003. [2] Abou El Ela, A.A., M.A. Abido, and S.R. Spea, Differential evolution algorithm for emission constrained economic power dispatch problem, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 80, No. 10, pp. 1286-1292, 2010. [3] Abraham George, Dr. M. Chhanna Reddy, and Dr. A.Y Sivramakrishnan, Multi-objective, short-term hydro thermal scheduling based on two novel search techniques, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2, No. 12, 2010, pp. 7021-7034 [4] Bart C. Ummels, Madeleine Gibescu, Engbert Pelgrum, Wil L. Kling, and Arno J. Brand, Impacts of wind power on thermal generation unit commitment and dispatch, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 187-196, 2007. [5] Baskar, G. and M.R. Mohan, Contingency constrained economic load dispatch using improved particle swarm optimization for security enhancement, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 615-621, 2009. [6] Basu A.K., et al., Planned scheduling for economic power sharing in a CHP-based micro-grid, IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol.27, No.1, pp.30-38, 2012. [7] Coelho L.S. and V. C. Mariani, Combining of chaotic differential evolution and quadratic programming for economic dispatch optimization with valve-point effect, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 989-996, 2006 [8] Damousis I.G., A.G. Bakirtzis and P.S. Dokopoulos, Network-constrained economic dispatch using real-coded genetic algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol. 18 ,No. 1, pp. 198-205, 2003 [9] Dhillon J.S. and D.P. Kothari, The surrogate worth trade-off approach for multi objective thermal power dispatch problem, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 56, No.2, pp. 103-110, 2000

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