11/3/2011

DESIGN OF BEAM-COLUMN

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

Because of the many variables in the interaction formulas, the design of beam-columns is essentially a trial-and-error process. A trial shape is selected and then reviewed for satisfaction of the governing interaction formula. Obviously, the closer the trial shapes to the final selection, the better. A very efficient procedure for choosing a trial shape, originally developed for allowable stress design, has been adapted for LRFD and is given in Part 2 of the Manual, Column Design. The essence of this method is to convert the bending moments to equivalent axial loads, and a shape that will support must then be investigated with AISC Equation. The total effective axial load is given by :

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

11/3/2011

Pueff = Pu + Muxm + MuymU

Pu = actual factored axial load (kips) Mux = factored moment about the x-axis (ft-kips) Muy = factored moment about the y-axis (ft-kips) m = a tabulated constant U = a tabulated constant The basis of this procedure can be examined by rewriting Equation as follows. First, multiply both sides by cPn :

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

or

Pu +

c Pn M ux c Pn M uy + c Pn b M nx b M ny

Pu + (Mux x constant) + (Muy x constant) cPn

The right side of this inequality is the design of a member under consideration, and the left side can be thought of as the applied factored load to be resisted. Each of there terms on the left must have units of force, so the constant convert the bending moments Mux and Muy to axial load components. Average values of the constant m have been computed for different groups of W- and S- shapes and are given in Table B in Part 2 of the manual. Values of U are given in the Column Load Tables for each shape listed therein. To select trial shape for a member with axial load and bending abouth both axes, proceed as follows :
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 4

11/3/2011

1. Select a trial value of m based on the effective length KL. Let U = 2 2. Compute an effective axial compressive load : Pueff = Pu + Muxm + MuymU Use this load to select a shape from the Column Load tables. 3. Use the value of U given in the Column Load Tables and an improved value of m from Table B to compute an improved value of Pueff. Select another shape. 4. Repeat until there is no change in Pueff Note that the tabular values of m are for Cm = 0.85. For other values of Cm, multiply m by Cm/0.85. after trial shape has been selected, it must be checked againts the appropriate interaction formula.
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 5

A certain structural member in a braced frame must support a factored axial compressive load of 150 kips and factored end moments of 75-ft-kips about the strong axis and 30 ft-kips about the weak axis. Both of these moments occur at one end; the other end is pinned. The effective length with respect to each axis is 15 feet. There are no transverse loads on the member. Use A36 steel and select the lightest W-shape.

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

11/3/2011

The amplification factor B1 can be estimeted as 1.0 purposes of making a trial selection. For each of the two axes, Mux = B1Mntx 1.0(75) = 75 ft-kips Muy = B1Mnty 1.0(30) = 30 ft-kips From Table B, Part 2 of the Manual, m =2.6 for Cm = 0.85. For this member, Cm = 0.6 0.4(M1/M2) = 0.6 0.4(0/M2) = 0.6 (for both axes)

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

Use m = 2.6(0.6/0.85) = 1.835 and initial value of U = 2.0 Pueff = Pu + Muxm + MuymU = 150 + 75(1.835) + 30(1.835)(2) = 398 Beginning eith the smaller shapes in the Column Load Tables, Try W8x67 (cPn = 412 kips, U = 2.03) m = 3.25(0.6/0.85) = 2.294 Pueff = 150 + 75(2.294) + 30(2.294)(2.03) = 461 kips This value is slightly larger than the design strength of 412 kips, so another shape must be tried.
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 8

11/3/2011

Try W10x68 (cPn = 475 kips, U = 2.01) m = 2.95(0.6/0.85) =2.082 Pueff = 150 + 75(2.082)+30(2.082)(2.01) = 432 kips < 475 kips (OK)

The W10x68 is therefore a potential trial shape. Check the W12s and W14s for other possibilities.

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

Try W12x58 (cPn = 397 kips, U = 1.73). m = 2.4(0.6/0.85) = 1.694 Pueff = 150 + 75(1.694) + 30(1.694)(1.73) = 365 kips < 397 kips (OK) A W12x58 is therefore a potential trial shape. The lightest W14 with a chance of working is a W14x61, and it is heavier than the W12x58. Use a W12x58 as a trial shape.

Pu 150 = = 0.3778 > 0.2 c Pn 397 use AISC Equation

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 10

11/3/2011

Bending about the x-axis :

K x L 15(12) = = 34.09 rx 5.28 Pe1 = = 4187kips ( KL / r ) 2 (34.09) 2 Cm 0.6 B1 = = = 0.622 < 1 1 Pu / Pe1 1 (150 / 4187) use B1 = 1.0 M ux = B1M ntx = 1.0(75) = 75 ft kips

2 EAg

2 (29,000)(17.0)

Design strength : From the Beam Design curves, for Cb = 1 and Lb = 15 ft, bMn = 222 ft-kips. The moment gradient for this beam-column is the same as for the one in Example and shown in Figure;therefore, Cb = 1.67
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 11

For Cb = 1.67, the design strength is Cb x 222 = 1.67(222) = 371 ft-kips This greater than bMp = 233 ft-kips, Use bMn = 233 ft-kips Bending about the y-axis :
KyL ry = 15(12) = 71.71 2.51

Pe1 =

= 946.2kips ( KL / r ) 2 (71.71) 2 Cm 0.6 B1 = = = 0.713 < 1.0 Pu 1 150 / 946.2 1 Pe1

2 EAg

2 (29,000)(17.0)

Use B1 = 1.0 M uy = B1M nty = 1.0(30) = 30 ft kips

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

12

11/3/2011

A W12x58 is compact for any value of Pu (there is no footnote in the Column Load Table), so the design strength is bMny = bMpy = bZyFy = 0.90(32.5)(36) = 1053 in.-kips = 87.75 ft-kips But Zy/Sy = 32.5/21.4 = 1.52 > 1.5 , which means that bMny should be taken as b(1.5My) = b(1.5FySy) = 0.90(1.5)(36)(21.4) = 1040 in.-kips = 86.67 ft-kips
M uy Pu 8 M ux 75 30 = 0.3778 + 8 + + + M M c Pn 9 9 233 86 .67 b ny b nx = 0.972 < 1.0 (OK)

AISC Equation

Answer : Use a W12x58

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 13

Although the method just presented for selecting a trial shape converges quickly, a somewhat simpler approach is suggested by Yura. The Equivalent axial load to be used is given by
Pequiv = P + 2 M x 7.5M y + d b

P = factored axial load Mx = factored moment about x axis My = factored moment about y-axis D = beam depth B = beam width All terms in Equation must have consistent units.
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 14

11/3/2011

Use Yuras method to select a W12 shape for the beam-column of Example

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc

15

From Equation,the equivalent axial load is

Pequiv = P + 2 M x 7 .5 M y 2(75 x12) 7.5(30 x12) + = 150 + + = 525kips d b 12 12

where the width b is assumed to be 12 inches. From the Column Load tables, try W12x72 (cPn=537 kips) Since the flange width is 12 inches as assumed, no iteration is required. For this particular problem, Yuras method produces a more conservative trial shape than the Manual method,although this may not always be true.
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 16