ATI 425

Filing Code: Titanium

Ti-133

March 2004

ATI 425 (High-Strength Titanium Alloy)

ATI 425 was originally developed for hot-rolled armor plate to provide ballistic protection comparable to Ti-6Al-4V and has been evaluated against a variety of projectile threats for use as armor. While processing the alloy for armor plate applications, it was observed that the material exhibited very good hot workability, permitting a more lenient window of processing parameters than necessary for Ti-6Al-4V. Versatility then expanded, and applications now exist in the chemical process industry (CPI) and in the aerospace industry. ATI is a trademark of Allegheny Technologies. The ATI 425 titanium alloy is covered by patents and pending applications.

Chemical Composition, wt.%:

(Typical) Aluminum Vanadium Iron Oxygen Titanium 4 2.5 1.5 0.250 bal

Ballistic Testing. ATI 425 titanium has met or exceeded the requirements of MIL-DTL-46077F for Ti-6Al-4V (refer to Table 1). Results of ballistic tests and corrosion tests indicate that the alloy is very robust. Projectile testing is shown in Table 3.

Corrosion Resistance:
The initial armor plate application of the alloy did not warrant significant concern over corrosion in a variety of media. However, armor plate might be exposed to marine saltwater conditions in amphibious vehicles, on shipboard, and potentially in some aircraft components. Initially, the high iron content was a matter of concern for how the material would respond in certain environments. ATI 425 titanium performed similarly to Ti-6Al-4V in seawater and hot salt cracking tests. However at the time of testing, the alloy had yet to be produced by cold rolling and was still largely

Ruthenium can be added for better corrosion resistance.

Physical Properties:
Density, kg/m3 (lb/in.3 ) Melting range, C (F) 4490 (0.162) 16001650 (29123002)

Mechanical Properties:
See Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 Mechanical Properties for Hot-Rolled Plate
Yield strength MPa ksi Longitudinal Tensile strength MPa ksi

Qualifier or condition

Elongation, %

Yield strength MPa ksi

Transverse Tensile strength MPa ksi

Elongation, %

Average Standard deviation Maximum Minimum Solution treated and aged Beta processed

877 21 918 828 1025 887

127.2 3.1 133.2 120.1 148.6 128.6

966 19 997 922 1152 1014

140.1 2.8 144.6 133.7 167.1 147.0

16.3 1.7 22.0 13.0 12.5 9.0

922 41 999 845 1071 894

133.7 5.9 144.9 122.6 155.4 129.6

1001 39 1071 924 1180 1018

145.2 5.6 155.4 134.0 171.1 147.6

16.4 2.5 22.0 9.0 12.5 9.0

Metric values were converted and rounded from English unit values.

Table 2

Mechanical Properties for Cold-Rolled Material

Yield strength MPa ksi Longitudinal Tensile strength MPa ksi Yield strength MPa ksi Transverse Tensile strength MPa ksi

Qualifier or condition

Elongation, %

Elongation, %

Average, all annealed 883 specimens Cold rolled only 1055 Mill annealed 14 h, 876 730790 C (13501450 F) Stress relieved 945 Mill processed, continuous 903 anneal

128.0 153.0 127.0 137.0 131.0

1007 1255 993 1055 1034

146.0 182.0 144.0 153.0 150.0

14.0 6.5 15.0 13.0 13.0

1048

152.0

1096 1082

159.0

13.0

1027

149.0

157.0

15.0

1048

152.0

1103

160.0

11.0

Metric values were converted and rounded from English unit values.

Table 3
Actual thickness, in.

Projectile Test Results

Projectile V50 test velocity, fps V50 velocity required by MIL-DTL-46077F, fps

0.542 0.542 0.660 0.835 0.835 1.221 1.221 1.813

0.30 caliber APM2 0.50 caliber FSP 20 mm FSP 0.50 caliber APM2 20 mm FSP 0.50 caliber APM2 20 mm FSP 14.5 mm B32

2305 2916 2088 2010 2632 2739 4018 3124

2190 2674 1996 1964 2529 2559 3823 2972

The producer has successfully roll-bonded commercially pure (CP) titanium to the alloy and has also cross rolled a specimen as well, which could present opportunities for optimizing both properties of strength and corrosion resistance. The alloy flows much easier in forging and rolling than Ti-6Al4V, is less prone to surface cracking, and requires a far lesser degree of surface condition for subsequent working. Based on these observations, the producer has extruded billets (using Ti3Al-2.5V parameters) into tubular hollows. The producer also produced cold-rolled sheet and strip products, even given the high oxygen content. All forms of the alloy exhibited mechanical properties similar to Ti-6Al-4V, but are slightly easier to form. ATI 425 titanium demonstrates good bend ductility. Cold-rolled sheet up to 0.100 in. can be bent to a radius of 2.5 times the thickness (T), with the bend axis in either the longitudinal or transverse direction. Light-gage, hot-rolled plate (0.18750.250 in.) can be bent to 3.5 T radius. As with all titanium alloys, the material must be totally free of alpha case and any surface anomalies that could become stress risers for cracking. Fracture toughness values for plate vary with processing and anneal cycles. Duplex annealed ballistic plate, with a relatively coarse alpha-beta worked microstructure, had a plane-strain fracture toughness (KTC, average of four values) of 86.5 MPam (78.7 ksiin.). Mill-annealed plate averages a KTC of 60.0 MPam (54.6 ksiin.). The fracture toughness obtainable through a duplex anneal rivals those values only obtainable via an extra-low interstitial (ELI) formulation of Ti-6Al-4V; however, the Ti-6Al-4V ELI formulations do not have the strength levels of normal Ti-6Al-4V or ATI-425 titanium wrought products such as cold-rolled sheet or small bar. Results from initial fatigue tests demonstrate that fine-grained material, such as bar with a high percentage of alpha-beta reduction, has a much higher fatigue life than the coarse-grained ballistic plate with lesser amount of alpha-beta work (approximately 50%). In order to optimize one particular property, such as fatigue life, other characteristics may have to be sacrificed. The higher the stress level, especially as it nears the yield strength, the lower the fatigue life.

Table 4

Corrosion Test Results

Corrosion rate, mils/yr Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-4V, Test literature Wah Chang duration, values material ATI 425 days

Media

25% nitric acid at BP or 98 C (208 F) 5% HCl + 0.1% FeCl3 at BP or 101 C (214 F) 50% formic acid at BP or 101 C (214 F) 1% HCl at BP or 101 C (214 F) 8% HCl at BP or 103 C (217 F) 10% ferric chloride at BP or 105 C (221 F) Seawater at 21 C (70 F), crevice attachment 25% brine at 90 C (194 F), crevice attachment

26.4 0.6(a) 315 99(a) 1891 nil 0.01 nil

24 166(a) 259 191(a) 1830 Weight gain 0 Weight gain

3 225 293 399 2991 Weight gain 0 Weight gain

7 7 1 1 1 7 21 21

Initial data. Results from test on hot-rolled sheet. BP, boiling point. (a) The literature value cited by the Wah Chang Corrosion Laboratory lacked any documentation of test circumstances that could explain the difference between the literature value and the one Wah Chang obtained for Ti-6Al-4V. For all practical purposes, given the experimental error for limited coupons, the values for Ti-6Al-4V and ATI 425 could be considered to be similar.

Table 5
Alloy

U-bend Test Results

Orientation U-bend test result

12.5% sodium hypochloride at 21 C (70 F) for 96 days (ATI corrosion test 1750) Ti-6Al-4V ATI 425 Transverse and longitudinal Transverse Transverse Longitudinal No cracks 1 specimen cracked at 18 h(a) No cracks No cracks

Synthetic seawater at boiling point or 100 C (212 F) for 96 days (ATI corrosion test 1751) Ti-6Al-4V ATI 425 Transverse and longitudinal Transverse Transverse Longitudinal No cracks 1 specimen cracked at 18 h(a) No cracks No cracks

Product Forms Available:

Hot-rolled plate, cold-rolled sheet, forgings

Results from tests on hot-rolled sheet. (a) This information must be taken in context of limited samples evaluated; a larger sampling is necessary to infer any conclusion.

Applications:
Applications include fracture critical airframe components, chemical process industry (CPI) components of high reciprocating mass, ballistic performance in both armor and containment vessels where mechanical integrity is critical, plate/frame heat exchangers made through superplastic forming, screen material, honeycomb packing support, and pressure vessels.

considered an armor plate. Once it was recognized that the ATI 425 titanium had potential for a much wider range of applications and product forms, additional corrosion testing was performed on cold-rolled sheet. Corrosion data are presented in Tables 4 and 5.

General Characteristics:
ATI 425 titanium is a versatile alloy with higher strength than Ti3Al-2.5V (nearly equivalent to Ti-6Al-4V) and similar corrosionresistant properties. The addition of ruthenium and availability as a cold-rolled product make the material unique. The ability to obtain a fine, cold-rolled surface finish and a thin-gage strip product is desirable for some applications. ATI 425 titanium exhibits significant corrosion resistance for a high-strength titanium alloy.

Producer:
ATI Wah Chang Allegheny Technologies Albany, OR 97321 (541) 926-4211 (541) 967-6900 (fax) ISSN: 002-614X Ti-133B