In the name of Allah the most gracious the most merciful

1.1 Introduction:
Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries of the world. But our population is our strength not curse. Our labor force can be one of the most competitive advantages to develop the nation.

Nowadays the villagers seem to have brought a huge change in their perception, their way of living and their attitude towards things. Like the urban people, villagers are also concerned about their lifestyle, their rights, the advent of technological wonders and the ongoing modernization which can be witnessed all over the world. The only thing they lack is the opportunity to embrace them. Had they been provided with the same kind of opportunities available to those who live in urban areas, they would not be left this far behind. But still life goes on in the villages at its own pace.

1.2 Objectives:
LIVE-IN-FIELD experience is not only an academic course but also a platform to discover the root of ourselves. It can also be said as Change in life experience. Until we experienced it we could not realize the true importance of this courses objective. It is hard to limit its objective in words; the objective of this course is and will be used throughout our entire life. It made us understand who we are? What is our root? It introduced us with ourselves. Staying in city places and living a robotic life we almost forgot the reality of our belongingness to this country and to the country people. LFE has opened our eyes to observe the real picture.

. Our group was taken to Joypurhat, a newly added area for doing LFE; we were given specific villages to understand the people of that area. The area which we were given is in village named Boro Tajpur village. It was a para called Taltoli para.

Our study objectives were following:

1. The structure of the para (Taltoli) including (village map).

2. The social changes in the village and the reasons for the changes and a comparison between the past and the present.

3. Wealth and resource owned by the villagers (peasants/farmers).

4. Seasonality production of the Taltoli Para by understanding the production cycle and pricing of crops.

5. Gender role and responsibility, status and season wise. To understand the actual place of male and female in the village samaj, their individual roles and responsibilities along with the fact how much each of their responsibilities are appreciated.

6. Social structure of Taltoli Para.

7. Health issues regarding Taltoli Para.

8. The market structure of the village focusing on the economic perspective, the process of exchange, the marketing activities, the price of their products in the market, value adding process, and also focusing on the awareness of the villagers towards the changing market.

1.2 Methodology:
Methodology is system of broad principals or rules from which specific methods or procedures may be derived to understand different situations or solve different problems within the scope of a particular discipline. Unlike an algorithm, a methodology is not a formula but a set of practices.

As this study required the participation of human respondents, specifically human resource professionals, certain ethical issues were addressed. The consideration of these ethical issues was necessary for the purpose of ensuring the privacy as well as the safety of the participants. Among the significant ethical issues that were considered in the research process include consent and confidentiality. In order to secure the consent of the selected participants, the researcher relayed all important details of the study, including its aim and purpose. By explaining these important details, the respondents were able to understand the importance of their role in the completion of the research. The respondents were also advised that they could withdraw from the study even during the process. With this, the participants were not forced to participate in the research. The confidentiality of the participants was also ensured by not disclosing their names or personal information in the research. Only relevant details that helped in answering the research questions were included.

2.2 LIMITATION:
A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg or exercise their functions also the time during which they were permitted to exercise their functions in such a district. This is quiet normal to face and handle some limitations during the program. But the art is how nicely limitations are handled appropriately. The first obstacle was the weather; it was hard for us to work in such a low temperature, because we are not used to face this level of cold. The fogs and the mist in the morning made it quite difficult to get up early in the morning and proceed for the survey. In the first day at village the villagers were confused about our motive and felt inconvenient to talk to us. We felt lack of Communication.

The respondents were not sometimes comfortable to answer the questions as

they felt unsafe to talk about the topic.

 As we surveyed the respective village during the working hours of the day, most of the male were out of their houses. As a result the quantity of female respondents is higher which may reflect in getting biased answers regarding some questions. There was a shortage of informative sources as most of the respondents were confused. The time that was given to prepare our presentations was not enough to deliver a high standard presentation.

NAME OF THE PARA: TALTOLI PARA VILLAGE: BOROTAJPUR NAME OF THE DISTRICT: JOYPURHAAT

3.1 Introduction:
As a Bangladeshi, we consider village as an inseparable part of our life and the root of our origin. We are always enjoying the beautiful scenario of villages, its fresh air, fresh food, warmth hospitality and simplicity of the villagers. But its very sad that our village people are always being neglected. They always remain far from new facilities and technologies. Though Bangladesh is a developing country and its economy mainly agro-based but yet our peasants are too much poor, deprived from their desired rights and they are not being treated properly.

Jaipurhat's economy is mainly based on seasonal crops like onions etc. It also produces a huge amount of sugarcane and it holds the country's largest sugar-mill.

Village & Para Mapping Procedures:

This part represents mainly the infrastructure of Boro Tajpur village in Jaipuhat district. On the very first day, our first job was to draw village, Para and transect map. We are group-9 and we have found some major objectives which are:

Figure 1 Village Map

To know the area and location of Boro Tajpur village and Taltoli Para

To know about their different institutions (Schools, Colleges, Madrasas, Mosques, Temples, Mills and so on)

To get a macro view of the village through transect work of 200 steps To find out the various types of trees

Site Selection:
We visited the village guided by MD. Sona Miya. He introduced us to some village people and explained them why we went there. Then by forming a group of 6 respondents we selected an empty yard for our village mapping. The villages and roads surrounding the Boro Tajpur villages are as follows: East: Hajipara West: Tulat North: Akond Para

South: Borogacha
Akond Para

Tulat

Taltoli Para

Hajipara

Borogacha
Figure 2 Site Location

Figure 3 Village Mapping

Profile of This Village:

Boro Tajpur Village Name of the village: Union: Thana: Post office: District: Location: Population: Male: Female: Voter: Religion: Total area: Total houses: Total family: Mosques: Madrasah: Schools: Ponds: Bazaar: Brickfields: Culvert: Electric facility: Gas facility: No of Tube well: NGO: Boro Tajpur. Boro Tajpur Union Porishod. Joypurhat Sadar. Puran Poil bazaar. Joypurhat. About 2 kilometers from TMSS. 1200. 65%. 35%. 500(42%). Muslim 65%, Hindu 30% & Others 5%. Approximately 10 Square Kilometer. 120. Around 80 families. 02. 01. 01. 09. 01. 05. 03. Most of the houses have electricity. No.(Few houses use Bio-gas) 75. 02.

Primary information of Taltoli Para:

Taltoli Para is situated just beside the Panch Bibi main road. The name of this para depicted from a pond. At the middle point of this para there is a pond named Taltoli. This para was established by the Indian-Bengali.

They came from border side and build a village here. Here are some important variables about Taltoli Para.

Population:
Taltoli Para is a place consisting of about 50 households and with a population of around 200 people. We have surveyed 25 households. Total age-group distribution is given below: Age Group 0-15 16-30 31-60 61+ Total Male Number 7 16 12 7 54
Population Distribution

Female % Number 35 9 30 18 22 12 13 6 100 61

% 41 29 20 10 100

Marital Status:
From the below table we found 57% of male and 51% of female is married. On the other hand, 43% of male and 37% of female are unmarried. We found none of male as

widow and 15% of female who are widower. We found no divorced male or female in our study. Marital Status Married Unmarried Widow/Widower Divorced Total Male Number % 32 57 24 43 0 0 0 0 56 100 Female Number % 30 51 22 37 7 15 0 0 59 100

(Sample size: 25 households)

House pattern:
As we have visited through the village we have seen that most of the houses are Tinshaded. Although there are many houses which are paka but those are only from financially strong families. There are earthen houses also, where roofs are made of straw. Most of the houses have roof made of tins.

Education:
Table: Educational Level of Respondents

Level of Education Primary Secondary S.S.C H.S.C. Graduation Masters Uneducated Total
Education

Male Number 15 15 2 8 3 0 8 51

% 29 29 4 16 6 0 16 100

Female Number % 13 24 17 31 5 9 8 14 2 4 0 0 10 18 55 100

(Sample size: 25)

The raw represents the percentage of educated people households) and column represents the education level. Education levels are: illiterate, primary, secondary, S.S.C, H.S.C and Degree.

Occupation:
Occupation of the RespondentsOccupation Male % Income Earner 33 47 Female 3 % 3

Housewife Student Unemployed Dependent (Child) Dependent (Adult) (Adult)

Occupation

0 14 3 18 3

0 4 20 25 4

30 19 0 21 35

28 0 18 19 32
(Sample size: 25 households)

The following table shows the income range of the people of Taltoli para. This distribution is on their monthly income. Most of them belong to lower class and middle class.

Income range 4000-16000 (Lower) 16000 29000 (Middle) Above 30000 (Upper) Total
Income

No. 17 3 5 25

% 68 12 20 100

Transect mapping:
Transect map is that portion which helps one to understand a particular place in better way. It illustrates the relationship between the different important components of the village. Here some specific portion of an assigned place was taken and all possible resources are explained while walking through that place.

It depicts a cross section of an area on which a number of physical arrangements are recorded. Step to step information has to be given in a transect map.

Importance of Transect Mapping:

These structures are very physical in nature and have an overall impact on the relationships that prevail. include the structures, the quality of soil, the land use pattern, the types of crops and trees, the homestead forests, vegetation etc. it is a micro version of a village to help someone who has never been to the village to visualize the topography, soil condition, structure and materials with which houses are made and also natural and manmade resources, which exist in the village.

Analysis and Findings of Transect map:

The brown colored road which we have marked in our Para map is our observation road for transect map. We start our counting at the edge of the road at south-north direction and we have taken the right view of this road. The next few sections will focus on findings from the transect map by performing analysis of each study zone.

Steps 1-50(1st zone) Zone: House, Pond. Soil Type: Loamy & Clayey. Land Type: High & Low. Land use: Household. Trees: Mango, Neem & Jackfruite Tree. Problems: No Gas. Steps 51-100(2nd zone) Zone: Mango garden & Cultivable Land. Soil Type: Sandi & Loamy. Land Type: Low. Land use: Cultivation & Business (Poultry).

 Trees: Banana, Mango, Black berry. Problems: Bad odor & Mosquitoes. Steps 101-150(3rd zone) Zone: House & Cultivable Land. Soil Type: Loamy & Sandy. Land Type: High-Low. Land use: Household, vegetation. Trees: Mango, Banana & Bamboo Bushes.
Problems: None.

Steps 151-200(4th zone) Zone: Education. Soil Type: Loamy. Land Type: High. Land use: Madrasah. Trees: Bamboo Bushes. Problems: Thieves

Conclusions:
As a Bangladeshi people, we should know our root (village) very well and the course of LFE gives us such a great opportunity to know about our village as much as possible. Boro Tajpur village is a developing village. It has many positive signs towards prosperous future. This village has the opportunity to educate their people; it has the facility of transportation and other business facilities. But still some families are lacking behind. These families are totally different from other houses of the village. So our government should take care of that. Live and Field experience is one of the extreme happiness in our life. We have spend 12 days there and communicated with the rural people. We were pleased with the feedback we got from the village people.

Introduction:
The nature of human beings is changeable in each and every second. So change is a fundamental item of a human beings life. On the other hand society is formed with some group of people with having same type of laws, perceptions, views, shared customs, organized communities, cultures, etc. So, social change is called any change in the social relations that cause a change in a society or alteration of its social structure. With the arrival of electricity, development of infrastructures like road, dam, culvert and bridges and access to modern day technology like television and mobile phones people in the urban area are having more access to the outside world and are becoming more open day by day. The values, attitudes, or institutions of society, such as education, family, religion, and industry become modified while social changes take place. They take a new value and sometimes get modernized in the face of new generations. The changes include both the natural process and action programs initiated by members of the community. Particular day. Social condition changes many factors in a persons life, which in return creates an impact on the society. Many of these factors are correlated and dependent on others. Our studied area Boro Tajpur Villages Taltoli para has also changed with the period of time and we have the great experience of the changing process of a society on working in that village. We also studied the changes occur influence of the micro credit.

Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to know the analytical information about the changes that took place over the years in the society of our assigned para (Taltoli) and the gender division of labor which is very relevant. And also include the micro credit affect or contribution in social change. we wanted to observe and discover the past of Taltoli para which is a part of Boro Tajpur village located in Joypurhat and over time what sort of changes

took place and what changes are taking place till now. Hence the main objective of this segment is to: Visualize the pictures or condition of the village since the liberation period till today. Find out the main reasons of those changes. Discover the positive and negative effects of those. Notice the Paras social elements over the period of time. Identify the factors which changed the life styles of the people of the Para

Agriculture:
Before the liberation war people of Taltoli para used cow and ox for the cultivation purpose of their land. But in the 1st phase, tractor was used for cultivation as an alternative of cow or oxen by the villagers. In the 3rd phase deep tube-well and the shallow added machine for irrigation and cultivation system were established. At present, they harvest crops and vegetables in a large quantity due to the usage of pesticides, fertilizers and modern technology. At the present time, they cultivate maize, vegetables etc. including the paddy and vegetables for both consumption and earning purposes. Potatoes and Mustard were also considered as major crops that were grown because of favorable conditions back then although its production has reduced now. The quality and the quantity of cultivable lands has declined due to the rise in the use of the fertilizer and divided the land to the children of villagers.

Sanitation:
In our para sanitation system is very good in position. 100% people are sanitized. They use tube well water for any watery purpose. They use sanitary latrine and also dump there household exposal in a manner. We find the reverse situation in before liberation period. On that time they used pond water for any watery purpose, there was no sanitary latrine but household exposal ware dump in a manner those they still follows.

Figure 4 Modern Sanitation System

Education:
Education is an important part of life of any human being. It is impossible to lead life properly without education. In our PRA we discussed about the chronological change of education system in our para. Education is the elegant consideration for measure social change. We find the link between the occupational change and education. Before liberation period in that para people were uneducated and also less aware of getting education. But the educational awareness among the people of Boro Tajpur is very impressive now days. They send their children to nearer villages for high school education. So, the last two phases are the most significant for education as free books, food for education, etc were introduced in that period of time and as a result those became considerable factors which inspire females to continue their study. As a result, in our para most of the children are currently enrolled in the primary school or in the high school. There are very few who cannot afford their children educational expenses.

Figure 5 Children Reading

Occupation:
The villagers were mostly farmers and day laborer at the time in the pre liberation period. After\that we find some other occupational Varity. After the liberation period, the people switched their occupation as transport-workers; mostly at 1990s, when the highways got developed. There are many villagers whom I talked to, are now transport workers who previously were farmers. They changed their occupation for not being able to manage the family with the money they were earning by agriculture. The raising prices of pesticides, fertilizers are the main reasons behind that, as they said. There are day laborers and now- adays, a lot of families have their own poultry as they have cow, cattle and chickens of their own. At Boro Tajpur pur village, There are also vendors, day laborers, farmers, transport workers. Women also work as day laborers and as well as in their own crop fields. In Taltoli Para mens occupation change time to time but womens occupation is same as before though women are strongly involve in economic activities (like aggregation).

Technological change:

Communication: Communication is such a thing which plays a vital role in

development. Because of the poor and under developed road and transportation system, communication was so inconvenient during the 1st phase. But with the help of rapid development in the technology it made the life easier of the people. 4 th phase is the

remarkable one in case of communication as mobile phones step into the village life of Boro Tajpur village, particularly the Taltoli para.

Transportation: Transportation systems were very under developed during the pre
liberation period. But todays image of transportation sector of the Boro Tajpur village is far better than from the previous.

Figure 6 Transportation System

Women empowerment and Female rights:

In British period, Pakistani period and after liberation women less empowerment for decision making and more torched. Still woman are torched but women contribution increase in alarming rate after 1990s women empowerment is taking place. It happens by the inflation of NGOs. Female are more concerned now a day about their rights in the society. It is not only right at the urban areas but also at the rural areas. The scenario was not like this in the 1st phase in Taltoli para. It has been changed over the period of time and the different phases. Now, they have achieved their rights to cast votes, to go for shopping, to visit relatives outside, watching TV and watching VCD without their husband or a relative. They are also allowed to go and visit their parents during any occasion. Rights Casting Votes Opinion Yes 24 12 Shopping Visiting Relatives Outside 24 19 10 Watching TV Watching VCD

No

13

15

Information According To Survey Paper

Gender division of labor by seasonal variations:

Gender Division of labor means how does the men and women work together to earn their livelihood. Gender Division of labor is the mutual relationship between men and women developed through social factors, and which is changeable in course of their social interactions. I tried to identify the gender role in Uttar Para to complete our study of the social change. Based on the cropping pattern of the farmers, we can divide the seasonal variations at 3 stages: Summer Winter Rainy

Figure 7 Gender Division Of Labor

The percentage of working male and female vary in the seasons. In summer, the female workers stay at home, but when it is the time of cutting the crops (right before rainy season), most of the female villagers work at the crop fields, and some to help their male counterparts at the fields. Thus, the gender division of labor varies based on seasonal variations.

We found that both male and female wake up early in the morning. House hold activities are almost same in every season. Female spend more or less 6 hours in these

activities like in cooking and child caring sewing clothes and kathas. In between Magrib and Esha they watch T.V. Gossip with each other for their recreational activities.

Positive Social change:

we have surveyed 25 households to identify the major positive changes which have occurred after the liberation war. There are various response came from the villagers side. Such as Tube well availability Piped water supply Toilet facility Electricity Modern agricultural equipment Usage of cell phones Number of educated people increased

Materialistic positive changes

Negative social change:

We asked the locals to mention few negative changes that have occurred since liberation till date and we got the following answers: Crime rate increased Less family bonding Lesser trees Pollution increased Water level decreased Number of wild animal decreased; such as Bok, Dahuk, Shokun, Dar Kak

Conclusion:
When we started for the village we never expected that this course would be easy but the hospitable behavior of the people of Taltoli para made this course into a pleasure trip. The villagers were also very enthusiastic in responding and providing us with valuable information. However, due to time constraint we had to do our job quickly. This experience has given us a vast knowledge about the aspects of social changes of this para. In short, our findings show that Taltoli para is a developing village. At present, there is a primary school and one madrasa in the village. However, we have found that the most significant changes happened in some particular parts of society i.e. education, communication, population, and agriculture. People are now very much concerned about education and health. Therefore, we hope that with the course of time, that Taltoli para will come up with all the positive social changes.

Introduction:
Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the world. Most of the people of the country live in the rural area. Almost 80% of the income comes from the agriculture. But still the economic growth of the country is very slow, inefficient production; unstable economy and slow advancement are the trait that is associated with Bangladesh. In this economy and rural production part there are three things that comes to consideration and those things are: Income Assessment Crops Calendar In our survey I have gathered information of the income assessment and the crops calendar of Taltoli Para of the village Boro Tajpur.

Income Assessment:
According to our survey of Taltoli Para we have defined their income sources in basis of their yearly income how much land they own, how many domestic animals they have and the conditions of their house, depending on the informations we have categorized them in Upper Class Middle Class Lower Class

Upper Class:
According to the survey those who have a yearly income of about 4-5Lac tk 10-15 bigha of farming land, concrete or multi storied building for living and having basic luxuries products and domestic aminal's are considered as upper class people.

Middle Class:
Those who have a yearly income of about 1.5-3Lac tk 4-6 bigha of farming land, semi paka or tin shed house for living and having few domestic animals and luxury products are considered as middle class people.

Lower Class:
Those who have a yearly income of about 10000-20000 tk, no own farming land, mud house for living and having very few domestic animals are considered as lower class people. Mainly day labors belong to this class.

Table
Agricultural Crop Production Cycle:
Crops calendar is basically how the farmers cultivate the crops throughout the year; which crop has to cultivate in which season, crops calendar give us an idea about the cultivation process. I have selected 4 crops and showed the cultivation process during our field experience time. I have selected 4 best crops of Taltoli Para specially this crop are very much available in Uttar Para. Our crop calendar is given below

Photo
Amon (BR-11):

Boro (BR-28):

In Magh the farmer prepares the land for Irri BR-28. Than in the end magh they fertilize and irrigate the land with sowing their seeds. Throughout falgun they irrigate, fertilize and give pesticides to the crops. In chaitra they only irrigate and weed the crops. In baishakh they fertilize and use pesticides in the crops and at the end of the month they harvest the paddy.

Potato:
Potato cultivation starts in the month of kartik. In kartik farmers have to sow, irrigate and fertilize and use pesticides. In agrohayn they only irrigate and fertilize with pesticides. In poush they irrigate then give a break of 10-12 days and at the end of the month harvest the crop.

Mustard:

Introduction:
It is very important for us to be aware of Health and Environmental issues and their effect on our life. Here, the objectives concerning Health and Environment are to replicate the state of health, vaccination and medical facilities available in the village. To get the original picture of the present environmental situation of the village, like source of water supply, toilet facilities and kind of fuel they used. In order to have a clear knowledge of health and environmental condition of villagers and to get

an idea about the consciousness of the surrounding environment of the village and to know the impacts of internal and external factors of environment I surveyed Taltolipara of Boro Tajpur village in the district Joypurhat.

Health Sanitation:
This is an important part of health and environment to use hygienic toilet. It was unexpected for us that we find most of the villagers are alert about their sanitation. We notice one thing that according to their wealth ranking people use different types of toilet facilities. About 48% family use septic tank, 44% family use ring slab and only 8% family use pit latrine. Type Septic Tank Ring slab Pit latrine No. 12 11 2

Waste Disposal System:

As we know that there are many kind of waste come out from household, field, domestic animals. Animal waste Kitchen waste Agricultural waste

Animal waste: At first, they recycle the animal waste to reuse it later. They basically dump it on a hole that is called VERA. And after six months or more than six months they reuse it into field as a fertilizer.

Kitchen Waste: kitchen waste is basically vegetable waste. They use vegetable waste as animal food. In village they give domestic animal vegetable waste and vaater mar. And rest of the waste they thrown in open place. The ash that comes out from mud stove is very good for wheat cultivation. Villagers use this ash in wheat cultivation and corn cultivation.10Kg ash made 1kg potash.

Agricultural waste: villagers use straw for their house roof. Sometimes they give wild plant and grass for to their domestic animal.

Health Care Facilities:

There is no health care system in the village. So if they are sick they have to go to the Puranpoil thana for treatment. The public health care is in the Joypurhat town. The NGOs have great contribution on children immunization in Bangladesh. In Taltoli Para para almost 100% children are complete their vaccinate course. It is very essential for every child to complete this vaccination course with in the age of five. Mainly polio, Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Measles, Tetanus, B.C.G are the primary vaccine which have to complete every child recently another vaccine is add which is Hepatitis B. The NGOs health workers and government health workers go door to door and provide vaccination. Name of Diseases Yes No Percentage Polio 25 100 (%) Diphtheria 25 100 Whooping Cough 25 100 Measles 25 100 Tetanus 25 100 B.C.G 25 100 Hepatitis B 9 16 32 For normal reason they go to the local pharmacy and for major problem they go to the public health care.

Family Planning:

In early period people are not aware of family planning. Sometimes for superstitions they dont want to go for family planning. On the other hand our country is based on male dominance. So if women are interested to go for family planning, male or head of the family discourages them. Sometimes seniors in the family dont support this kind of steps for their old perceptions.

Sources of Water for Domestic Use And Drinking:

In our Taltoli para most of the people are aware about the effect of the drinking water. Most of the people use tube-well for drinking purpose and few people use piped water. They are very much conscious about arsenic. For bathing, washing and cooking majority people use tube-well water and piped water. Lower class people use pond water for bathing purpose. This awareness is increase only because of active NGOs workers in the village . Purpose Tube well Drinking Bathing Washing Cooking 20 19 20 21 Piped water 3 4 3 3 2 Ponds

Table 6.4.1. Sources of Water

Environment

Environment of Taltoli para:

Environment is an important element in our life. Environment means the components of the Earth and includes land, water and air, including all layers of the atmosphere; organic and

inorganic matter and living organisms; and the interacting natural systems. Polluted environment is effecting in our life very badly. Our assigned para was Taltoli para, and like rest of Bangladesh this place is also polluted.

Health effect for fuel use:

In Taltoli para people use fire wood, cow dung, straw and leaves and twigs as fuel. We city people use gas in the kitchen. In some houses in Taltoli para have Biogas. In members house and another peoples have bio-gas. And they said they are very happy with Bio-gas. There is no side effect of bio-gas. Women who use fire wood, leaves &Twigs and straw, they face some side effect. Like as-eye burn, skin burn, rashes etc. some people also commented that they have acidity problem for using fire wood, leaves, cow dung etc. The smoke from firewood, straw, and leaves and twigs was coming heavily polluting air which has effect on environment. It releases CO2, which affect their health also. Villagers felt trouble to breathe specially children. The female of the village were not aware about the smoke occurring from the fuel during cooking. Most of the females had eye irritation problem.

Air pollution:

House wives of Taltoli para use wood, cow dung, straw etc. as fuel. It creates lots of fume that polluted the air. Farmer uses shallow machine, it also creates fumes that polluted air. Fertilizer and pesticide also polluted environment. Fumes from the brick fields also pollute air.

Environmental changes of Taltoli para:

Weather is becoming bad day by day. Fruits are became tasteless & sweetness is decreasing Domestic animal diseases are increasing Asthmatic problem are arising Fertility of land is decreasing

Trees:
There are three kinds if trees are seen in the village: Wooden trees: Bamboo, Mahogany, Eucalyptus Gora-neem Fruit trees: Jackfruit, Guava, Mango, Litchi, Betel-nut, Coconut, Banana Cultivated harvest: Wheat Mustered Eggplant Potato Bottle gourd Cauliflower

Conclusion:
By analyzing the health and environmental condition of Boro Tajpur I have seen that the people are out of health and environmental awareness compare to the city people. Though some NGO come forward to help the village people but our Government plays a silent role here. The good news is the percentage of health and environment consciousness is improving day by day that i see in the vaccination for the children and sanitation facilities in Boro Tajpur. Moreover they are conscious about tree plantation which ultimately makes our environment healthy and resourceful. I have seen a number of trees (fruit and wooden trees) here, which is a very positive sign for the environment of Boro Tajpur. Local NGOs plays a great role in this sector. They always try to encourage village people about health awareness. So, like other NGO government also come forward by taking some positive initiatives.

Introduction:
Market is not only a place where buyer and seller meets, bargains and buys/sells goods or services. It has a broader aspect than this limited boundary of only buying and selling. It is such a broad aspect which deals with big issues like demand and supply, capacity, finance, transportation, distribution, storage, packaging, advertisement and so on. It not only changes the financial condition of a single buyer or seller, not only a single village, not only a single district but leaves a great effect in the whole countrys economy.

We visited a 'Haat' called Notun Haat and a bazaar called Saheeb Bazaar in the same day. We saw and experienced the actions of both the markets. In this report we have tried to portray the findings and analyzed the markets involved within the area. Interviews were taken of several buyers and sellers to understand the activity of the market. The rural market is based upon the relationship of producer, buyer, seller and wholesaler or middlemen.

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT:

The main objective of this study is to know how our market in rural areas operates depending on: Market structure Financial activities Available products and services Distribution channels Value chain Price Promotional activities

Problems etc.

Definition of market:
The concept of a market is any structure that allows buyers and sellers to exchange any type of goods, services and information. Market participants consist of all the buyers and sellers of a good who influence its price. Some definitions given by the marketing analystsMarket is set of all actual and potential buyers of a product or services. [Phillips Kotler, Principle of Marketing.]

Haat: These are weekly markets where sellers and buyers from different villages gather for transactions. The products traded here range from daily necessities to raw materials. Haats exists because fixed shops were not available, so sellers gather to sell their merchandise. Goods are most of the time sold in bulk in a very low price than bazaar. Bazaar: These are fixed shops which are open every day. The products available here are mainly for daily usage variety of products are available although in a small scale. The bazaar we visited had concrete buildings and some shops were open concrete spaces where shoppers sat and sold their products.

Difference Between Haat & Bazaar:

Haat and Bazaar are major part of the rural market of Joypurhat, there are many differences between them which are stated in a table below: Haat 1) Open in Saturday and Wednesday from 5am to 11 pm. 2) Occupies 40 bigha of land. Bazaar 1) Open every day from 7 am to 11 pm. 2) Occupies 300 feet and 600 length. 3) 3000 to 4000 sellers. 3) 50 to 100 whole sellers and 70 to 80 retailers.

4) Hat is maintained by a committee. 5) Consists of very few variety of goods. 6) A fee is taken from the sellers from Haat committee.

4) Bazaar is maintained by pouroshova. 5) Many variety of products. 6) No fee is taken from shopkeepers.

Available Products and Services of the Market:

Product can be classified into two different types according to the level of their consumption. They are1. Consumer product 2. Industrial product

Consumer product:
Consumer products are those products which are directly consumed by end customer. There are four kinds of consumer product. They are

Convenience Goods: Convenience goods are those that the customer purchases frequently, immediately, and with minimum effort. Tobacco products, soaps, and newspapers are all considered convenience goods Examples: Rice, Salt, Sugar, and Milk etc. Shopping Goods: A second type of product is the shopping good, which usually requires a more involved selection process than convenience goods. Examples: Furniture, cloths, major appliances etc. at the Hat we saw vendors selling clothes, slippers, shoes, utensils, pottery, jute carpets etc. Specialty Goods: Specialty goods have particularly unique characteristics and brand identifications for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchasing effort. Examples include specific brands of fancy products, luxury cars. Examples: Marriage costume, perfume etc. at the Haat we saw batasha, da bothi and kabi raji medicine.

Unsought goods: Finally, an unsought good is one that a consumer does not know aboutor knows about but does not normally think of buying. New products, such as new frozen-food concepts or new communications equipment, are unsought until consumers learn about them through word-of mouth influence or advertising. Examples: Insurance, Coffin, burial cloths (kaffan) etc.

Industrial Products:
We found industrial products i.e. products which are used as raw materials to produce new product. Industrial products are those purchased for further processing or use in conducting business. Thus, the distinction between a consumer product and an industrial product is based on the purpose for which the product is bought. Examples: Seeds, Fertilizer, Cement etc.raw materials such as fertilizers and seed were sold in the Haat.

Fake Products:
Frutila instead of Frutika

Dragon instead of Tiger

TUNG instead of TANG

Nex instead of Nix.

Services:
A service is a non-touchable and non-own able activity or benefit that anyone can give to someone else. The bazaar and Haat also provide service to the villagers, like a barber also there is a mechanic who mended electrical appliances like flash lights, and then there were also van drivers who stood nearby to provide their service.

Figure 8 Services Of Haat

Distribution channel:
Distribution means how a product is distributed from the producer to consumer. In distribution process various agents or members such as retailer, wholesaler, and consumer are involved. Every product in haat and bazaar have distribution channel. 1) Producer 2) Producer Wholesaler End consumer Retailer End consumer

Distribution channel for carrot:

ProducerPabna, Iswardi

Wholesaler , Jatrabari

Wholesaler, Kawron bazaar

Wholesaler Purbapur bazaar

Wholesaler, Notun Haat

Local markets

End consumers

Figure 9 Distribution channel for carrot

The carrot is produced in Pabna, Iswardi it is bought by wholesaler in Purbapur bazaar and brought in by truck. Later it is bought by a wholesaler in Notun bazaar, and then it is bought by wholesaler of Jatrabari . Then it reaches Kawron Bazaar afterwards to the local markets. And at last the carrots reach the end consumers.

Micro Credit:
In Simpler term micro means small and credit means loans. Microcredit is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to those in poverty designed to spur entrepreneurship. These individuals lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history and therefore cannot meet even the most minimal qualifications to gain access to traditional credit. Microcredit is a part of microfinance, which is the provision of a wider range of financial services to the very poor. Microcredit is a financial innovation that is generally

considered to have originated with the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. In this country, it has successfully enabled extremely impoverished people to engage in self-employment projects that allow them to generate an income and, in many cases, begin to build wealth and exit poverty. In our assigned para which is Taltoli Para, I worked on different issues but micro credit was one of the important issues. Micro credit has direct impact on the villagers in their daily life, social life, economic life, last but not the list of their whole life.

According to our survey some of them are completely dependent on the micro credit system of different NGOs and most of them are not. According to them the NGOs are good or on the other hand NGOs are not good. It depends on the perception of the villagers.

There are many NGOs which are giving micro credit to the villagers. I found many NGOs those are Brac Grameen Bank, TMSS, Asa, etc. I tried our best to find out each and everything about micro credit to find out the real picture of Micro credit schemes.

Household Took Loans or Not

No 20% Yes 80%

Households Having Savings or Not

No 20% Yes 80%

Borrower and Non-borrower:

We were told to survey 25 people in our para. Among my 5 respondent I found that 4 of them took loan from NGOs and by their perceptions interest rate is above 20% which is

actually not correct according to our informations which we have gathered from different NGOs.

Use of money:
Villagers take loan to improve their financial conditions among my respondents 60% of them use the loan for agricultural purpose and rest of them use their loan to buy cattles and sewing machines