Computer Science Illuminated Fifth Edition - Vocab Chap 1-6

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1.

Abstraction

A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the viewer The time it takes for a block to start being read; the sum of seek time and latency An electronic circuit that performs an addition operation on binary values The number of bits stored in each addressable location in memory Unambiguous instructions for solving a problem or subproblem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data A continuous representation of data The computer component that performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logical operations (comparison of two values) A program that translates an assemblylanguage program into machine code Instructions to the translating program

18.

Character Set Circuit Circuit Equivalence Code-Coverage (clear-box) testing Combinational Circuit Comment Compression Ratio Computer Hardware Computer Software Computing System Control Unit

A list of the characters and the codes used to represent each one A combination of interacting gates designed to accomplish a specific logical function The same output for each corresponding input-value combination for two circuits Testing a program or subprogram based on covering all the statements in the code A circuit whose output is solely determined by its input values Explanatory text for the human reader The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data The physical elements of a computing system The programs that provide the instructions that a computer executes Computer hardware, software, and data, which interact to solve problems The computer component that controls the actions of the other components so as to execute instructions in sequence The central processing unit, a combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit; the 'brain' of a computer that interprets and executes instructions The set of concentric tracks on all surfaces Basic values or facts Reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data Testing a program or subprogram based on the possible input values, treating the code as a black box Tracing the execution of a design on paper A discrete representation of data The act of breaking information down into discrete pieces A representation of a real number that keeps track of the sign, mantissa, and exponent A circuit that computes the sum of two bits, taking an input carry bit into account A device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals, accepting one or more input signals and producing a single output signal

48.

61.

Access Time Adder Addressability Algorithm

49.

46.

89.

62.

84.

50.

90. 19.

16. 63.

Analog Data Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

2.

3.

85.

Assembler Assembler Directives Assembly Language

4.

86.

67.

87.

A low-level programming language in which a mnemonic represents each of the machine-language instructions for a particular computer The number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time The foundational value of a number system, which dictates the number of digits and the value of digit positions A digit in the binary number system; a 0 or a 1 Binary digit The information stored in a sector A mathematical notation for expressing two-valued logical functions A sequence of identifiers, separated by compatible operators, that evaluates to either true or false The number of bits that can be transferred in parallel over the bus Eight binary digits A type of small, high-speed memory used to hold frequently used data

68.

CPU

17.

Bandwidth

69. 20. 21.

Cylinder Data Data Compression Data Coverage (black-box) testing Desk Checking Digital Data Digitize Floating Point Full adder Gate

5.

Base

6.

Binary Digit Bit Block Boolean Algebra Boolean Expression Bus width Byte Cache Memory

91.

7. 64. 47.

92. 22. 23.

88.

24.

65.

51.

8. 66.

52.

53.

Half Adder Huffman Encoding Information Input Unit Instruction Register (IR) Integer Integrated Circuit (chip) Keyword Encoding Latency Loader Logic Diagram Lossless Compression Lossy Compression Machine Language Motherboard Multimedia Multiplexer

A circuit that computes the sum of two bits and produces the appropriate carry bit Using a variable-length binary string to represent a character so that frequently used characters have short codes Data that has been organized or processed in a useful manner A device that accepts data to be stored in memory The register that contains the instruction currently being executed A natural number, a negative of a natural number, or zero A piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded Replacing a frequently used word with a single character The time it takes for the specified sector to be in position under the read/write head A piece of software that takes a machinelanguage program and places it into memory A graphical representation of a circuit; each type of gate has its own symbol A data compression technique in which there is no loss of information A data compression technique in which there is loss of information The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the computer The main circuit board of a personal computer Several different media types A circuit that uses a few input control signals to determine which of several input data lines is routed to its output The number 0 and any number obtained by repeatedly adding 1 to it A value less than 0, with a sign opposite to its positive counterpart A unit of an abstract mathematical system subject to the laws of arithmetic A device that prints or otherwise displays data stored in memory or makes a permanent copy of information stored in memory or another device The condition that occurs when the results of a calculation are too large to represent in a given machine

75.

Pipelining Pixels Positional Notation

A technique that breaks an instruction into smaller steps that can be overlapped Individual dots used to represent a picture; stands for picture elements A system of expressing numbers in which the digits are arranged in succession, the position of each digit has a place value, and the number is equal to the sum of the products of each digit by its place value The register that contains the address of the next instruction to be executed A language designed to express algorithms Variation in a signal that jumps sharply between two extremes The dot that separates the whole part from the fractional part in a real number in any base Storing image information pixel by pixel

25.

32.

13.

26.

70.

71.

76.

Program Counter (PC) Pseudocode Pulse-code Modulation Radix Point

9.

95. 33.

54.

34.

27.

35.

72.

Rastergraphics format Rational Number Reclock Register Resolution Run-length Encoding Scientific Notation Sector Seek Time Semiconductor Sequential Circuit Shared Memory Parallel Processor SignedMagnitude Representation

93.

14.

An integer or the quotient of two integers (division by zero excluded) The act of reasserting an original digital signal before too much degradation occurs A small storage area in the CPU used to store intermediate values or special data The number of pixels used to represent a picture Replacing a long series of repeated characters with a count of the repetition An alternative floating-point representation A section of a track The time it takes for the read/write head to get positioned over the specified track Material such as silicon that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator A circuit whose output is a function of its input values and the current state of the circuit The situation in which multiple processors share a global memory

55.

36.

28.

77.

29.

37.

94.

38.

39.

73. 30. 56.

78. 79.

57.

10.

Natural Number Negative Number Number Output Unit

58.

11.

12.

80.

74.

40.

31.

Overflow

Number representation in which the sign represents the ordering of the number (negative and positive) and the value represents the magnitude

41. 81. 42. 43. 96. 97. 82. 83. 59. 60. 44. 45. 98. 15.

Spatial Compression Synchronous Processing Temporal Compression Ten's Complement Test Plan Test Plan Implementation Track Transfer Rate Transistor Truth Table Vector Graphics Video Codec Virtual Computer (machine) Word

Movie compression technique based on the same compression techniques used for still images Multiple processors apply the same program in lockstep to multiple data sets Movie compression technique based on differences between consecutive frames A representation of negative numbers, such that the negative of Iis 10 raised to kminus I A document that specifies how a program is to be tested Using the test cases specified in a test plan to verify that a program outputs the predicted results A concentric circle on the surface of a disk The rate at which data moves from the disk to memory A device that acts either as a wire or a resister, depending on the voltage level of an input signal A table showing all possible input values and the associated output values Representation of an image in terms of lines and shapes Methods used to shrink the size of a movie A hypothetical machine designed to illustrate important features of a real machine A group of one or more bytes; the number of bits in a word is the word length of the computer