PARASITES

ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDUS

TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

Ancyclostoma duodenal

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

NECATO AMERIC

R@J ======== ASUNALA RAJESH KUMAR PARSITOLOGY NOTES: ============================R@J

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CLASS

SECERNENTEA

ADENOPHOREA

SECERNENTEA

ADENOPHOREA

SECERN

Order

ascaridida

Trichurida

STRONGYLIDA

Trichocephalida

STRONG

FAMILY COMMON NAMES INFECTIVE STAGE DIAGNOSTIC STAGE

ascarididae Giant Roundworm Egg

TRURIDAE Whipworm Egg

ANCYCLOSTOMATIDAE Old world hookworm Third stage larvae ( filariform)

TRICHINELLIDAE Pork (whip)worm Encysted larva

ANCYCL

new wo

Filarifor

Egg

Egg

Eggs in Stool
Old World hookworm disease

Encysted larva

Eggs in

DISEASE CAUSED

ascariasis

Trichuriasis

trichinosis

Necator

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Occurs mainly via ingestion of water or food, Occasionally inhalation of contaminated dust

faecal-oral via embryonated ova

Can be passed in mothers milk (trans mammary transmission) Even cross the placenta to infect the fetus (trans placental transmission). None

consumption of raw or undercooked meat of infected animals, most commonly domestic pigs

Soil con swallow contam

INTERMEDIATE None HOST

None

rats, pigs, and humans Human Domestic pig

None

Definitive host Reservoir host

DIAGNOSIS

Humans or pigs None Stool examination

Human None Stool microscopy , Defecating proctogram , Sigmoidoscopy

Human Human identify the eggs in the feces saturated brine flotation technique

Human

Human

Muscle biopsy Antibody ELISA

diagnos stool sa

PREVENTION

Limit using human feces as fertilizer Treatment can be done on contaminated soil although it is not highly advised

Avoid night soil or wastewater to fertilize crops, Adequate disposal of faecal waste

Sanitary disposal of human faeces Wearing of footwear Health education Deworm pet dogs and cats

Avoid undercooked pork, walrus, horse, bear or other wildanimal meat Clean meat grinders thoroughly

Noneth shoes in Areas, should while p soil.

Drugs

Mebendazole Albendazole Pyrantel pamoate Ivermectin Piperazine citrate Levamisole oviparous Small intestine

Mebendazole Albendazole

Albendazole Mebendazole

Albenda Ivermectin, Fenbendazole Mebend

benzida

R.P Entry Periodicity

Oviparous Large intestine

Oviparous Oral and transmission

Viviparous Mouth

Oviparo Skin

Auto infection: Strongyloides stercoralis Retro infection: Enterobius vermicularis Didelphic: Ascaris &Filarial worms (Wuchereria, Loa loa, Brugia malayi) Coelomerian: Ascaris Polymerian: Ascaris Meromerian: Enterobius &Hook worm Lymphatic: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi Subcutaneous: Loa loa (African eye worm) Conjunctiva: Loa loa Lymphatic filariasis- MOSQUITO Subcutaneous filariasis- Serous cavity filariasis- Mosquitoes are holometabolous Enterobius vermicularis cause pruritus ani. Strongyloides stercoralis capable for autoinfection ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDUS Most common helminthic human infection In female genital girdle present in ascaris lumbricoides