PHY 151 Homework Solutions 07B

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You may have to use material from before Lecture 05A

Potential !ner"y of a System 1. A 400 N child is in a swing that is attached to a pair of ropes 2.00 m long. Find the gravitational potential energy of the child- arth system relative to the child!s lowest position when "a# $he ropes are hori%ontal "&# the ropes ma'e a (0.00 angle with the vertical "c# the child is at the &ottom of the circ)lar arc "a# *hen the ropes are hori%ontal+ the child is at a height of 2.00 m relative to lowest position. ,otential energy - mgh - *h - 400"2# - .00 / "&# $he pro0ection of the rope on the y a1is is 2cos(0 - 1.2( m $he height a&ove the lowest point is 2 3 1.2( - 0.22 ,otential energy - *h - 400".22# - 10. / "c# At the &ottom the potential energy is %ero. #onservative an$ %onconservative &orces 2. A 4.00 'g particle moves from the origin to position 4+ having coordinates 1 5.00 m and y - 5.00 m. 6ne force on the particle is the gravitational force acting in the negative y direction. 4alc)late the wor' done &y the gravitational force on the particle as it goes from o to 4 along "a# 6A4 "&# 674 "c# 64 "d# 8o)r res)lts sho)ld & e all identical. *hy9

* - Fdcos "a# 6A4 6A wor' - 0 &eca)se - :0 A4 wor' - Fdcos - -mgdcos1.0 - -"4#":..#"5#"-1# - -1:; *or' - 0 - 1:; - -1:; "&# 674 74 wor' - 0 &eca)se - :0 67 wor' - Fdcos - -mgdcos1.0 - -"4#":..#"5#"-1# - -1:; *or' - 0 - 1:; - -1:; "c# 64 64 wor' - F<cos= - mgdcos1(5 - 4":..#"5#s=rt"2#"-0.202# - -1:; "d# >ravity is conservative so the wor' from one point to another does not depend on the path &etween the two points. (. A force acting on a particle moving in the 1y plane is given &y & - "2yi ? 12'#+ where & is in newtons and 1 and y are in meters. $he particle moves from the origin to a final position having coordinates 1 - 5.00 m and y - 5.00 m as shown in the a&ove diagram. 4alc)late the wor' done &y & on the particle as it moves along "a# "&# "c# "d# "e# * - & ( "a# 6A4 6A wor' - dxi "2 yi + x j # = 2 ydx
2 0 0 5 5

6A4 674 64 @s & conservative or nonconservative9 1plain yo)r answer to part "d#

6A wor' - 0 / &eca)se y - 0 on 6A

2 2 2 5 A4 wor' - dxj "2 yi + x j # = x dy = x y 0 0 0

A4 wor' - 125 / &eca)se 1 - 5 and y integrates from 0 to 5. 6A4 wor' - 0 ? 125 - 125 / "&# 674 67 wor' - dyj " 2 yi + x j # = x dy = x y 0
2 2 2 5 0 0 5 5

67 wor' - 0 / &eca)se 1 - 0 on 67 74 wor' - dxi "2 yi + x j # = 2 ydx = 2 yx 0

2 5 0 0 5 5

74 wor' - 2"5#"5# - 50 674 wor' - 0 ? 50 - 50 / "c# 64 64 wor' - " dxi + dyj # " 2 yi + x 2 j # = 2 ydx + x 2 dy = x 2 + x ( A ( 1 - y on 64 64 wor' "5#"5# ? "5#"5#"5#A( -25 ? 41.(( - ;;.(( "d# F is nonconservative "e# $he wor' done on the particle depends on the path followed &y the particle. (elationshi) between #onservative &orces an$ Potential !ner"y 4. $he potential energy of a system of two particles separated &y a distance r is given &y B"r# - AAr+ where A is a constant. Find the radial force &+ that each particle e1erts on the other. F - -dBAdr - -d"AAr#Adr - AAr2