"Go ye, and make disciples of all nations in my name''

MULTIPLE EXAMPLES: Some !se"#ations on a $ecent Edition of and Int"od%ction to S&em'To!'s "(e!"e) Matt&e)"* William L. Petersen, The Pennsylvania State University:
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/vol03/Petersen1 !a.html

TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism, 1 "att #!:1 $#0

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%n Shem$To&'s (e&re) "atthe), the *+reat Commission* &ecomes: *+o an, teach them to carry o-t all the things )hich % have comman,e, yo- .orever.* A $esponse to +illiam L* Pete"sen's $e#ie) of (e!"e) Gospel of Matt&e)* +eorge (o)ar,, University o. +eorgia:
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/vol0//(o)ar,1 .html

TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism, 1

0!. %n this section % consi,er the short en,ing o. "atthe) in Shem$To&'s (e&re) "atthe) an, a similar short en,ing that 1. C. Cony&eare o&serve, in some man-scripts o. 2-se&i-s. Cony&eare s-ggeste, that the short en,ing in 2-se&i-s, lac3ing the Trinitarian &aptismal .orm-la, )as re.lecte, in 4-stin "artyr 56ial. 3 , 738 an, (ermas 5Sim. .#9./8 5see Cony&eare 1 018. :thers have a,,e, ne) evi,ence .or a short en,ing o. "atthe), an, this evi,ence is ,isc-sse, as )ell. ;e.erence: Cony&eare, 1. C. 1 01. *The 2-se&ian 1orm o. the Te<t "atth. #!, 1 .* =eitschri.t .>r ,ie ne-testamentliche Wissenscha.t #: #97$#!!. 93. The (e&re) te<t rea,s instea,, *+o an, teach them to carry o-t all the things )hich I have comman,e, yo- .orever.* +it&o%t t&e "es%""ection, t&e"e )o%ld !e no c&%"c&es, ,eat&ley tells semina"ians. ?y Shannon ?a3er. Gatekeeper 305308:1,3. @pril 10, #001.
http://0/.#33.101.10//-/no&tsABCcache:1U#;.rD+1$D4:))).no&ts.e,-/p-&lications/g3rE#7#030$ 30.p,.F"atthe)GhlCenGieCUT1$! H&ro3en lin3I

:r in: http://))).no&ts.e,-/p-&lications/g3rE#030$30.p,. H&ro3en lin3I The risen Lor, ha, a Jo& .or the ,isciples to ,o, Keathley maintaine,, pointing to 4es-s' )or,s in Lc. #/:/0$/9: *Then (e sai, to them, 'Th-s it is )ritten, an, th-s it )as necessary .or the Christ to s-..er an, to rise .rom the ,ea, the thir, ,ay, that repentance an, remission o. sins sho-l, &e preache, in his name to all nations, &eginning at 4er-salem.'* @lso 3no)n as the +reat Commission, this man,ate .rom 4es-s, con.irme, in the passage's parallel acco-nt in "atthe) #!, is the same .or Christians to,ay. @ccor,ingly, the content o. o-r message sho-l, &e the ,eath, &-rial an, res-rrection o.

o-r Lor, 4es-s Christ, Keathley sai,, to )hich the e<pecte, response sho-l, &e repentance, an, the e<pecte, res-lt, the .orgiveness o. sins. :ther Lin3:
http://english.s,aglo&al.org/research/mt#!1 .htm

The 2-se&ian 1orm 5St-,y o. Cony&eare, 1 01, P61 printa&le .ile8 Hhtm .-ll version .-rther &elo)I T&e "G"eat -ommission" A..ITI / of Matt&e) 01 &y ?rian (oec3 http://mem&ers.aol.com/?;%(:2CK9/Lie.html or in: http://))).,imensionso.tr-th.org/greatLcommision.htm "Go ye t&e"efo"e, and teac& all nations, !apti2in3 t&em in t&e name of t&e 4at&e", and of t&e Son, and of t&e (oly G&ost: Teac&in3 t&em to o!se"#e all t&in3s )&atsoe#e" I &a#e commanded yo%: and, lo, I am )it& yo% al)ay, e#en %nto t&e end of t&e )o"ld*" 5Mt 01:67,08 9 This *+reat Commission* o. 4es-s Christ is an o.t$B-ote, proo.$te<t o. trinitarians -se, to promote their &elie. in the three$in$one/tri-ne +o,. This is &ase, on the -se o. the single no-n, *name* 5as oppose, to *names*8, applie, to three separate no-ns$$$the 1ather, Son, an, holy spirit$$$th-s s-ppose,ly three &eings )ith one name 5or, accor,ing to some versions o. tri-ne theology, one &eing in three mani.estations8. The 1917 Scofield note on this verse states: *The )or, is in the sing-lar, the *name,* not names. 1ather, Son, an, (oly Spirit is the .inal name o. the one tri-e +o,. %t a..irms: 518 That +o, is one.* %s this tr-eA s this Script-ral proo. o. a trinityA Let's ,ig ,o)n past the s-r.ace o. this te<t an, get a little ,eeper into a st-,y o. this matter. Concerning these )or,s, *&aptiMing them in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host,* note, ?i&le scholar, 2.W. ?-llinger, in his !ord Studies on the "#$% S& ' T, pp./9, /!, states: *These )or,s are containe, in every +ree3 "S. He,itor's note: "S. C man-scriptI 3no)n, an, are, there.ore, on ,oc-mentary evi,ence, &eyon, s-spicion: &-t yet there is one great ,i..ic-lty )ith regar, to them. *The ,i..ic-lty is that, the @postles themselves never o&eye, this comman,N an, in the rest o. the Oe) Testament there is no hint as to it ever having &een o&eye, &y anyone. ?aptism )as al)ays in the name o. the one person o. the Lor, 4es-s.* %s this tr-eA Let's e<amine the Script-res to prove all things. @cts #:3! *Then Peter sai, -nto them, ;epent, an, !e !apti2ed e#e"y one of yo% in t&e name of :es%s -&"ist .or the remission o. sins, an, ye shall receive the gi.t o. the (oly +host.* H?aptism is to &e per.orme, in (is name .or the remission o. sins &eca-se *...he ha, &y himsel. p-rge, o-r sins...* 5(e&re)s 1:38I.

@cts !:10 *1or as yet he HitI )as .allen -pon none o. them: only t&ey )e"e !apti2ed in t&e name of t&e Lo"d :es%s** @cts 10:/! *@n, he comman,e, them to !e !apti2ed in t&e name of t&e Lo"d.* @cts 1 :7 *When they hear, this, t&ey )e"e !apti2ed in t&e name of t&e Lo"d :es%s.* @cts ##:10 *. . . arise, an, !e !apti2ed, an, )ash a)ay thy sins, callin3 on t&e name of t&e Lo"d.* 1Cor 1:1#$17 *Oo) this % say, that every one o. yo- saith, % am o. Pa-lN an, % o. @pollosN an, % o. CephasN an, % o. Christ. %s Christ ,ivi,e,A )as Pa%l c"%cified fo" yo%; o" )e"e ye !apti2ed in t&e name of Pa%l; % than3 +o, that % &aptiMe, none o. yo-, &-t Crisp-s an, +ai-sN Lest any s&o%ld say t&at I &ad !apti2ed in mine o)n name** H2,itorPs note: Pa-l is implying here that the .e) &aptisms that he per.orme, there, )itho-t the -se o. )ater, &-t rather in spirit, as e<plaine, in "3. 1:! an, in many other places, )ere all ,one in the name o. 4es-s Christ, )ho )as cr-ci.ie, .or -s. Pa-l )as re.erring to 4es-s Christ$$$in )hose name, he &aptiMe, spirit-ally the ,isciples.I 1Cor 0:11 *@n, s-ch )ere some o. yo-: &-t ye a"e )as&ed, &-t ye are sancti.ie,, &-t ye are J-sti.ie, in t&e name of t&e Lo"d :es%s, an, &y the Spirit o. o-r +o,.* Some other Script-res to consi,er incl-,e: ;om 0:3 *Kno) ye not, that so many o. -s as )ere !apti2ed into :es%s -&"ist )ere !apti2ed into &is deat&A * +al 3:#9 *1or as many o. yo- as have &een !apti2ed into -&"ist have p-t on Christ.* O:T2: %n "att #!:1 , the )or, translate, *in* in the phrase *in the name o....* is the +ree3 )or, *eis* )hich means *into.* The a&ove t)o script-res sho) )hat )e are tr-ly to &e &aptiMe, into$$$not the name o. the 1ather, Son, an, holy spirit $$$&-t, into Christ an, (is ,eath. *This )as the .orm-la o. the .ollo)ers o. 2-nomi-s 5Socr. 7.#/8$$'.or they &aptise not into the trinity, &-t into the ,eath o. Christ.'* 5(nc)clopedia Biblica, article: ?aptism8. 4ohn 1/:#0 *?-t the Com.orter, )hich is the (oly +host, )hom H*hichI the 1ather )ill sen, in my name . . . * HOote: (o) ,oes one receive the holy spiritA %n the name o. 4es-sQI L-3e #/:/9 *@n, that "epentance and "emission of sins s&o%ld !e p"eac&ed in &is HJesus+I name amon3 all nations, &eginning at 4er-salem.* HOote: This verse ties ,irectly )ith "att #!:1 5preaching the +ospel among all nations8 an, @cts #:3! 5repentance an, remission o. sins, )hich comes in the name o. 4es-s Christ8, an, as )e see here, &oth are to &e ,one in the name o. 4es-s Christ$$$not in the name o. a *tri-ne go,*.I %n the light o. Script-re, )e see &aptism )as never per.orme, *in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the holy ghost,* &-t rather, in the name o. 4es-s Christ alone. ?-llinger comments, *%t is ,i..ic-lt to s-ppose that there )o-l, have &een this -niversal ,isregar, o. so clear a comman,, i. it ha, ever &een givenN or Hi.I it ever really .orme, part o. the primitive te<t.* *%t is a B-estion, there.ore, )hether )e have here something &eyon, the reach o. science,

or the po)ers o. or,inary Te<t-al Criticism. *@s to the +ree3 "SS., there are none &eyon, the .o-rth Cent-ry H:. the .o-rth cent-ry, there are t)o: the Ratican-s an, the Sinaitic-s$$$?:T( C:;;UPT. @ll other 3no)n +ree3 "SS. are .rom 7th Cent-ry an, -p)ar,I, an, it seems clear that the Syrian part o. the Ch-rch 3ne) nothing o. these )or,s.* 5!ord Studies on the "#$% S& ' T, p./!8 +&y is it t&at no G"eek MSS* e<ist f"om p"io" to t&e fo%"t& cent%"y; %t is ,-e to the .act, that in 303 @6, 6iocletian or,ere, all the sacre, &oo3s to &e &-rne,. Ch-rch historian, 2-se&i-s, )rote, *% sa) )ith mine o)n eyes the ho-ses o. prayer thro)n ,o)n an, raMe, to their .o-n,ations, an, the inspire, an, sacre, Script-res consigne, to the .ire in the open mar3et place.* 5",(, viii #8. This has le.t a large gap o. three cent-ries 5a time o. great apostasy, )hich )as alrea,y starting in Pa-l's an, 4-,e's ,ay $ %% Thes #:9 G 4-,e /8 .rom )hich there are no 3no)n complete +ree3 "SS$$.rom the .irst cent-ry in )hich "atthe) recor,e, his +ospel acco-nt -ntil the .o-rth an, .i.th cent-ries. This le.t plenty o. time .or perversion o. the te<t to occ-r. 1re, Cony&eare notes, *%n the only co,ices )hich )o-l, &e even li3ely to preserve an ol,er rea,ing Ha non$tri-ne rea,ing o. "att #!:1 I, namely the Sinaitic Syriac an, the ol,est Latin "an-script, the pages are gone )hich containe, the en, o. "atthe).* 5"ibbert Journal- 1 0#, 1re, C.Cony&eare8. %s it possi&le that the ,estroye, man-scripts an, these missing pages may have incl-,e, a ,i..erent rea,ing o. "atthe) #!:1 $$$a rea,ing that )o-l, agree )ith the a&ove liste, Script-res )hich sho) &aptisms per.orme, in Christ's name aloneA Let -s e<amine some o. the )ritings o. the so$calle, *early ch-rch .athers* )ho ha, access to ol,er man-scripts. Please note that )e are / T t-rning to them .or any theological ,octrine. The *early ch-rch .athers* )ere pagan converts )ho ,i, not tr-ly convert, rather they *ChristianiMe,* their pagan ,octrines &y applying Christian names an, i,eas to them. The only real val-e o. these )ritings lies in the .act that their a-thors ha, access to these missing man-scripts, an, they B-ote, .rom them B-ite .reB-ently$$$so m-ch so, that almost the entire Oe) Testament co-l, &e gathere, .rom these so-rces alone. What te<t ,i, their man-scripts containA (o) ,i, they B-ote "att #!:1 ,#0A We shall see. Concerning "atthe) #!:1 , Cony&eare states, *2-se&i-s cites this te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 again an, again in )or3s )ritten &et)een 300$330 @6, namely in his long commentaries on the Psalms, on %saiah, his .emonstratio (/an0elica, his Theophan), ...in his .amo-s history o. the Ch-rch, an, in his panegyric o. the emperor Constantine. % have, a.ter a mo,erate search in these )or3s o. 2-se&i-s, .o-n, eighteen citations o. "atthe) #!:1 , an, al)ays in the .ollo)ing .orm: '+o ye an, ma3e ,isciples o. all nations in my name, teaching them to o&serve all things, )hatsoever % comman,e, yo-.' * 5"ibbert Journal- 1. Coney&eare8. 2-se&i-s' ren,ering here 5...make disciples of all the nations 1 2% 1A2(...8 ties ,irectly )ith L-3e #/:/9 as liste, a&ove 5repentance and remission of sins should be preached 1 " S HJesus+I 1A2( amon0 all nations8. Cony&eare states, *% have collecte, all these passages e<cept one )hich is in a catena p-&lishe, &y "ai in a +erman magaMine, the 3eitschrift fur die neutestamentliche !issenschaft, e,ite, &y 6r. 2r)in Pre-schen in 6armsta.t in 1 01. @n, 2-se&i-s is not content merely to cite the verse in this .orm, &-t he more than once comments on it in s-ch a )ay as to sho) ho) m-ch he set store &y the )or,s 'in my name'. Th-s, in his

.emonstratio (/an0elica he )rites th-s 5col. #/0, p.1308: *1or he ,i, not enJoin them to 'ma3e ,isciples o. all the nations' simply an, )itho-t B-ali.ication, &-t )ith the essential a,,ition 'in his name.' 1or so great )as the virt-e attache, to this appellation that the @postle HPa-lI says: '+o, &esto)e, on him the name a&ove every name, that in the name o. 4es-s every 3nee shall &o), o. things in heaven an, on earth an, -n,er the earth.' %t )as right there.ore that he H4es-sI sho-l, emphasise the virt-e o. the po)er resi,ing in his name &-t hi,,en .rom the many, an, there.ore say to his @postles: '+o ye, an, ma3e ,isciples o. all nations in "y name.' * 5"ibbert Journal B-oting 2-se&i-s8 Cony&eare contin-es, *%t is evi,ent that this H*in "y name*I )as the te<t .o-n, &y 2-se&i-s in the very ancient co,ices collecte, .i.ty to a h-n,re, an, .i.ty years &e.ore his &irth &y his great pre,ecessors. :. any other .orm o. te<t Hthan the *in "y name* rea,ingI, he ha, never hear, an, 3ne) nothing -ntil he ha, visite, Constantinople an, atten,e, the Co-ncil o. Oice. Then in t)o controversial )or3s )ritten in his e<treme ol, age, an, entitle,: 'A0ainst 2arcellus of Anc)ra,' an, the other 'About The Theolo0) #f The Church,' he -se, the common rea,ing a.ter Oice.* 5"ibbert Journal, p.1078. This has le, scholars to s-spect that he )as pers-a,e, to replace the original te<t. *The e<cl-sive s-rvival Ho. the trinitarian te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 I in all "SS, &oth +ree3 an, Latin, nee, not ca-se s-rprise. ?-t in any case, the conversion o. 2-se&i-s to the longer te<t a.ter the Co-ncil o. Oice in,icates that it )as at that time &eing intro,-ce, as a shi&&oleth o. ortho,o<y into all co,ices. The B-estion o. the incl-sion o. the (oly Spirit on eB-al terms in the Trinity ha, &een threshe, o-t Hat the Co-ncilI, an, a te<t so inval-a&le to the ,ominant party Hthe trinitariansI co-l, not &-t ma3e its )ay into every co,e<, irrespective o. its te<t-al a..inities 5"ibbert Journal8.* Cony&eare concl-,es: *%t is clear, there.ore, that Ho. allI the "SS )hich 2-se&i-s inherite, .rom his pre,ecessor, Pamphil-s, at Caesarea in Palestine, some at least preserve, the original )riting, in )hich there )as no mention either o. &aptism or o. the )or,s ' 1ather, Son, an, (oly +host ' Hin "atthe) #!:1 I * 51re, Cony&eare8. @t least t)o te<ts have &een .o-n, that ma3e no mention o. these things: *+o .orth into all the )orl, an, teach all the nations in my name in every place.* 5"atthe) #!:1 as cite, in: 2. ?-,ge, 2iscellaneous Coptic Texts, 1 17, pp. 7! ..., 0#! an, 0308 *+o an, teach them to carry o-t all the things )hich % have comman,e, yo- .orever.* 5"atthe) #!:1 , "ebre* Gospel of 2atthe*, translate, &y +eorge (o)ar, .rom Shem To&'s (/an Bohan8 Let's no) e<amine some )ritings o. the other early *ch-rch .athers.* *The anonymo-s a-thor o. 6e ;e&aptismate in the thir, cent-ry...,)ells at length on 'the po)er in the name o. 4es-s invo3e, -pon a man in &aptism' * 5Smith+s .ictionar) of the Bible, Rol. i, p 37#, B-oting .e 'ebaptismate 0.98. %n the Shepherd of "ermas 5,ate, appro<imately 1#0 @68, it notes, *?e.ore man &ears t&e name of t&e Son of God, he is ,ea,, &-t )hen he has receive, the seal Hthro-gh &aptismI, he lays asi,e mortality an, receives li.e.* %t also states, *They are s-ch as have

hear, the )or, an, )ere )illing to &e !apti2ed in t&e name of t&e Lo"d* 5emphasis mine8 The "ibbert Journal notes that :rigen B-otes "att.#!:1 three times$$$en,ing the B-ote a&r-ptly at *nations* each time an, *that in itsel. s-ggests that his te<t has &een censore,, an, the )or,s )hich .ollo)e,, '%n my Oame,' str-c3 o-t.* 5Cony&eare8. *%n 4-stin "artyr, )ho )rote a&o-t @6 130 an, 1/0, there is a passage )hich has &een regar,e, as a citation or echo o. "atthe) #!:1 &y vario-s scholars, e.g. ;esch in his Ausser canonische &arallelstellen, )ho sees in it an a&ri,gement o. the or,inary te<t. The passage is in 4-stin's ,ialog-e )ith Trypho 3 , p #7!: '+o, hath not yet a..licte, nor in.licts the J-,gment, as 3no)ing o. some that still even to,ay are !ein3 made disciples in t&e name of &is -&"ist, an, are a&an,oning the path o. error, )ho also ,o receive gi.ts each as they &e )orthy, &eing ill-minate, !y t&e name of t&is -&"ist.' The o&Jection hitherto to these )or,s &eing recogniMe, as a citation o. o-r te<t )as that they ignore, the .orm-la '&aptising them in the name o. the 1ather an, Son an, (oly Spirit.' ?-t the ,iscovery o. the 2-se&ian .orm o. te<t removes this ,i..ic-lty: an, 4-stin is seen to have ha, the same te<t H*in "y name*I as early as the year 1/0, )hich 2-se&i-s reg-larly .o-n, in his man-scripts .rom 300 to 3/0.* 5"ibbert Journal 1. Cony&eare $ emphasis mine8. *4-stin B-otes a saying o. Christ, ...as a proo. o. the necessity o. regeneration, &-t .alls &ac3 -pon the -se o. %saiah H*Thro-gh the )ashing o. repentance an, 3no)le,ge o. +o,, there.ore, )hich )as instit-te, .or the sin o. the people o. +o,, as %saiah says, )e have &elieve,, an, )e ma3e 3no)n that the same &aptism )hich he preache,, an, )hich is alone a&le to cleanse those )ho repent, is the )ater o. li.e* 5Justin+s dialo0ue *ith Tr)pho8I an, Hso$calle,I @postolic tra,ition to J-sti.y the practice o. &aptism an, the -se o. the tri-ne .orm-la. This certainly s-ggests that 4-stin ,i, not 3no) the tra,itional HtrinitarianIte<t o. "atthe) #!:1 .* 5(nc)clopedia of 'eli0ion and (thics8. Concerning @phraates, o. Oisi&is, Cony&eare states, *There is one other )itness )hose testimony )e m-st consi,er. (e is @phraates, ...)ho )rote &et)een 339 an, 3/7. (e cites o-t te<t in a .ormal manner as .ollo)s: '"a3e ,isciples o. all nations, an, they shall &elieve in me.' The last )or,s appear to &e a gloss o. the 2-se&ian rea,ing 'in my name.' ?-t in any case, they precl-,e the te<t-s recept-s )ith its inJ-nction to &aptise in the tri-ne name. Were the )riting o. @phraates an isolate, .act, )e might regar, it as a loose citation, &-t in the presence o. the 2-se&ian an, 4-stinian te<ts this is impossi&le.* 5Cony&eare8. *Oo) 2-se&i-s, the great 2cclesiastical historian, ,ie, in 3/0 @.6., an, his )or3 &elonge,, there.ore, in part to the thir, cent-ry. "oreover, he live, in one o. the greatest Christian Li&raries o. that ,ay. %. the +ree3 "S. there containe, these )or,s H*&aptiMing them in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host*I, it seems impossi&le that he co-l, have B-ote, this verse eighteen times )itho-t incl-,ing them.* *Pro.essor La3e...an, "r. Cony&eare have calle, attention to this .act, an, sho)n that neither 4-stin "artyr 5)ho ,ie, in 1!7 @.6.8, nor @phraates, o. Oisi&is 5)ho .lo-rishe, in Syria, 3/0 @.6.8, 3ne) anything o. these )or,s.*

*%t loo3s, there.ore, as tho-gh the )or,s got into the te<t 5perhaps .rom the margin8 in the Ch-rch o. Oorth @.rica Hpossi&ly @le<an,ria, as )e'll loo3 at in a momentIN an, that the Syrian Ch-rches ,i, not have them in the "SS. at their ,isposal.* 5?-llinger, !ord Studies on the "#$% S& ' T, pp./!,/ 8 "any re.erence )or3s ,enote the s3epticism o. scholars concerning the acc-racy o. this verse. The (nc)clopedia of 'eli0ion And (thics states: *%t is the central piece o. evi,ence .or the tra,itional vie) Htrinitarian .orm-laI. %. it )ere -n,isp-te,, this )o-l,, o. co-rse, &e ,ecisive, &-t its tr-st)orthiness is imp-gne, on the gro-n,s o. te<t-al criticism, literary criticism, an, historical criticism.* %t contin-es, *The .acts are, in s-mmary, that 2-se&i-s B-otes "atthe) #!:1 t)enty one times, either omitting everything &et)een 'nations' an, 'teaching,' or in the .orm 'ma3e ,isciples o. all nations in my name,' the latter .orm &eing the more .reB-ent.* %t also comments on the verse as s-ch: *%. it &e tho-ght as many critics thin3, that no "S represents more than comparatively late recensions o. the te<t, it is necessary to set against the mass o. man-script evi,ence the in.l-ence o. &aptismal practice H)hich )as almost -niversally per.orme, )ith the tri-ne .orm-la in the post$apostolic ,aysI. %t seems easier to &elieve that the tra,itional HtrinitarianI te<t )as &ro-ght a&o-t &y the Htrinitarian &aptismalI in.l-ence )or3ing on the 2-se&ian H*in "y name*I te<t, than that the latter arose o-t o. the .ormer in spite o. it.* 5(nc)clopedia #f 'eli0ion And (thicsN article: ?aptism8. %n .act, Sir William Whiston state,, *We certainly 3no) o. a greater n-m&er o. interpolations an, corr-ptions &ro-ght into the Script-res &y the @thanasians, an, relating to the 6octrine o. the Trinity, than in any other case )hatsoever. While )e have not, that % 3no) o., any s-ch interpolation or corr-ption ma,e in any one o. them Hthe Script-resI &y either the 2-se&ians or @rians.* 5Secon, letter to the ?ishop o. Lon,on, 191 , p 178. *6i..erent .rom the post$apostolic an, later Christian lit-rgical pra<is, )hich is mar3e, &y the trinitarian .orm-la o. "t #!:1 5see .id. R%%. i. 3N 4-st. Apol. LS% 3, 11, 138, the primitive Ch-rch &aptiMe, 'in' or 'into the name o. 4es-s,' 5or '4es-s Christ,' or 'the Lor, 4es-s'N see % Co 1:13,17N @c !:10, 1 :7N .id. i<. 78. 5.ictionar) of the Bible, 4ames (asting, 1 03, p.!!, article: ?aptism8. *...the trinitarian .orm-la 5"att. #!:1 8 )as a late a,,ition...* 5(arper's Bible .ictionar) si<th e,ition, 1 7 , p.00 article: &aptism8. @n, in the eighth e,ition o. (arper's Bible .ictionar), it states, *While the earliest .orm-la o. &aptism seems to have &een 'in the name o. the Lor, 4es-s' 5@cts !:10, 10:/!8 the trinitarian .orm-la o&vio-sly &ecame the stan,ar, at a very early time.* *Critical scholarship, on the )hole, reJects the tra,itional attri&-tion o. the tripartite &aptismal .orm-la to 4es-s an, regar,s it as a later origin.* 5The &hilosoph) of the Church 4athers, (enry @-stryn Wol.san, p. #998. *%n the last hal. o. the .o-rth cent-ry, the te<t 'in the name o. the 1ather an, o. the Son an, o. the (oly +host' )as -se, as a &attle$cry &y the ortho,o< against the a,herents o. "ace,oni-s, )ho )ere calle, 'pne-matomachi' or '.ighters against the (oly Spirit', &eca-se they ,ecline, to incl-,e the Spirit in a Trinity o. persons as co$eB-al, cons-&stantial, an, co$eternal )ith the 1ather an, the Son. They also sto-tly ,enie, that any te<t in the Oe) Testament a-thoriMe, s-ch a co$or,ination o. the Spirit )ith the 1ather an, Son. Whence )e in.er that their te<ts agree, )ith that o. 2-se&i-s Hmeaning, they lac3e, the tri-ne rea,ing o. "t #!:1 I* 5"ibbert Journal - 1. Cony&eare8. (o) ,i, these sp-rio-s )or,s get into the te<t an, .rom )hence ,i, they comeA 1re, Cony&eare notes, *%n the pages o. Clement o. @le<an,ria, a te<t some )hat similar to

"atthe) #!:1 is once cite,$$&-t as .rom a gnostic heretic, name, Theo,ot-s, an, not as .rom the canonical te<t as .ollo)s$$'@n, to the @postles he gives the comman,: +oing aro-n, preach ye an, &aptise those )ho &elieve in the name o. the 1ather an, Son an, (oly Spirit' * 5Cony&eare B-oting .rom (xcerpta cap,75- ed S)lb. p.#!98. @le<an,ria )as a hot&e, o. philosophical tho-ght. 4e)ish philosopher, Philo, live, in @le<an,ria an, ta-ght his .alse ,octrines o. +nosticism there. (e spo3e o. *...one +o,, )ho in (imsel. is -nity, yet appears in the li3eness o. a tria,.* (e state, that a *holy an, ,ivine vision* o. the ;-lership is perceive, *...in s-ch a )ay, that a single vision appears to him Hthe one having the visionI as a tria,, an, a tria, as -nity...* @n, again, he states that *...the intellect perceives most clearly a -nity altho-gh previo-sly it learne, to apprehen, it -n,er the similit-,e o. a Trinity.* 52.;. +oo,eno-gh $i0ht- B) $i0ht: the 2)stic Gospel of "ellenistic Judaism, p.338. Philo clearly ta-ght the trinity ,octrine, as ,i, .ello) philosophers, Pythagoras an, Plato $ a ,octrine )hich they all receive, .rom the "ystery teachings o. ?a&ylon. These "ystery teachings )ere the so-rce o. Theo,ot-s' *ChristianiMe,* +nostic trinitarian ,octrine cite, &y Clement o. @le<an,ria. When ,i, the corr-ption o. the &aptismal .orm-la ariseA @ccor,ing to Canney's (nc)clopedia of 'eli0ion- the early ch-rch &aptiMe, in the name o. 4es-s -ntil the secon, cent-ry. (nc)clopaedia Brittanica 511th e,., Rol 3, p3078 agrees, stating that &aptism )as change, .rom the name o. 4es-s to the )or,s 1ather, Son, an, (oly +host in the #n, cent-ry. @n, in Rol-me # o. the (nc)clopaedia of 'eli0ion and (thics, p.3! , it notes that &aptism )as al)ays per.orme, in the name o. 4es-s -ntil the time o. 4-stin "artyr. %t sho-l, no) &e clearly seen that all things are to &e ,one in 4es-s' name 5Col 3:198, an, that the )or,s, *&aptiMing them in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host,* have &een a,,e, to +o,'s )or, to s-pport the trinitarian ,octrine &ro-ght in &y the philosophers an, other pagan *converts* to *Christianity*. These )or,s )ere not part o. the original +o,$inspire, te<t, m-ch li3e the a,,e, )or,s recor,e, in % 4ohn 7:9 5)hich are not in any +ree3 "S. prior to the 10th cent-ry8. *Until the mi,,le o. the nineteenth cent-ry the te<t o. the three )itnesses, 1 4ohn 7:9$!, share, )ith "atthe) #!:1 the onero-s tas3 o. .-rnishing script-ral evi,ence o. the Trinity. HThese a,,e, )or,s o. % 4n 7I...are no) a&an,one, &y all a-thorities e<cept the Pope o. ;ome. ?y conseB-ence, the entire )eight o. proving the Trinity has o. late come to rest on "atthe) #!:1 .* 5Cony&eare8. @n, )e have J-st seen that in light o. Script-re an, the early *ch-rch* )ritings, that it too, is -na-thentic. *%n the co-rse o. my rea,ing, % have &een a&le to s-&stantiate these ,o-&ts o. the a-thenticity o. the te<t "atthe) #!:1 &y a,,-cing patristic evi,ence against it so )eighty, that in .-t-re the most conservative o. ,ivines )ill shrin3 .rom resting on it any ,ogmatic .a&ric at all, )hile the more enlightene, )ill ,iscar, it as completely as they have its .ello)$te<t o. the three )itnesses H% 4n 7:9,!I.* 5"ibbert Journal 1. Cony&eare8. So )hat is the tr-e *+reat Commission* o. o-r Lor, an, Savior, 4es-s ChristA "att #!:1 ,#0 sho-l, rea, as s-ch: "Go t&e"efo"e, and make disciples of all t&e nations in My name: Teac&in3 t&em to o!se"#e all t&in3s )&atsoe#e" I &a#e commanded yo%: and, !e&old, I am )it& yo% all t&e days %ntil t&e completion of t&e a3e* Amen*" TT %. anyone .in,s in.ormation P;:R%O+ :; 6%SP;:R%O+ the claims o. this st-,y, &y

all means, contact me )ith that in.ormation so that % may -p,ate, revise, correct, or even remove$$i. ,isproven, the in.ormation % present here. TT Than3 yo@-thorPs 2mail: ?rian (oec3 U1 ! Tr-th :n The We& "inistries: @ll the articles originate, &y Kenneth (oec3 or ?rian (oec3 may &e .reely ,istri&-te, or mirrore, as long as presente, in their entirety 5incl-,ing this statement8, attri&-te, to Tr-th on The We&, an, that proper a-thor cre,it is given. =A$I US >U TES =a"io%s >%otes f"om ?ooks, -ommenta"ies, and .ictiona"ies "elatin3 to Matt&e) 01:67 http://))).go,glori.ie,.com/vario-sLB-otes.htm 4"om Our God Is One Talmad3e 4"enc&, 6777, pa3e 06@: *+enerally, the :neness position has &een the complete harmoniMation o. the "atthean e<pression )ith that o. the 4es-s' name .orm. ?-t, interestingly, some :neness arg-ments have appeale, to te<t-al critical scholarship )hich ,enies 4es-s ever spo3e the )or,s recor,e, in the "atthe) #!:1 acco-nt. "ore typically, it is maintaine, that the one apostolic .orm-la is 'in the name o. 4es-s,' an, the acco-nt in "atthe) )as interprete, &y the apostles, incl-,ing "atthe) himsel., to &e the invocation o. the name o. 4es-s.* 4"om The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 1, 6770, pa3e A1A: *The historical ri,,le is not solve, &y "atthe) #!:1 , since, accor,ing to a )i,e scholarly consens-s, it is not an a-thentic saying o. 4es-s, not even an ela&oration o. a 4es-s$saying on &aptism.* 4"om The Dictionary of the Bible, 67BC, pa3e 1D: *%t has &een c-stomary to trace the instit-tion o. the practice 5o. &aptism8 to the )or,s o. Christ recor,e, in "atthe) #!:1 . ?-t the a-thenticity o. this passage has &een challenge, on historical as )ell as on te<t-al gro-n,s. %t m-st &e ac3no)le,ge, that the .orm-la o. the three.ol, name, )hich is here enJoine,, ,oes not appear to have &een employe, &y the primitive Ch-rch, )hich, so .ar as o-r in.ormation goes, &aptiMe, 'in' or 'into the name o. 4es-s' 5or '4es-s Christ' or Lor, 4es-s': @cts #:3!, !:10, 10:/!, 1 :7, 1 Cor. 1:13, 178. 4"om Peake's o!!entary on the Bible, 6707, pa3e C0D: "atthe) #!:1 , *the Ch-rch o. the .irst ,ays ,i, not o&serve this )orl,$)i,e comman,, even i. they 3ne) it. The comman, to &aptiMe into the three.ol, name is a late ,octrinal e<pansion. %n place o. the )or,s *&aptiMing... Spirit* )e sho-l, pro&a&ly rea, simply *into my name,* i,e, 5t-rn the nations8 to Christianity, *in my name,* i,e, 5teach the nations8 in my spirit.* 4"om The International ritical o!!entary on the "oly #cri$tures of the Old and %e& Testa!ent S* ."i#e", A* Pl%mme", -* ?"i33s A ritical ' ()e*etical o!!entary of #t. +atthe&

T&i"d Edition, 6760, pa3es D8C'D81: *:n the te<t, see Cony&eare, 3eitsch, 4ur die 1eutest, !issensch, 1 01, #97 ...N "ibbert Journal- :cto&er 1 0#N La3e, nau0ural $ectureN ;iggen&ach, .er Trinitarische TaufbefehlN Chase, Journal Theo, Stud, Ri. /!1 ... The evi,ence o. 2-se&i-s m-st &e regar,e, as in,ecisive, in vie) o. the .act that all +ree3 "SS. an, all e<tant RSS., contain the cla-se 5S1 an, S# are -nhappily )anting8. The 2-se&ian B-otation: *Go disciple )e all the nations in m) name-6 can not &e ta3en as ,ecisive proo. that the cla-se *Bapti7in0,,,Spirit* )as lac3ing in copies 3no)n to 2-se&i-s, &eca-se *in m) name* may &e 2-se&i-s' )ay o. a&&reviating, .or )hatever reason, the .ollo)ing cla-se. :n the other han,, 2-se&i-s cites in this short .orm so o.ten that it is easier to s-ppose that he is ,e.initely B-oting the )or,s o. the +ospel, than to invent possi&le reasons )hich may have ca-se, him so .reB-ently to have paraphrase, it. @n, i. )e once s-ppose his short .orm to have &een c-rrent in "SS. o. the +ospel, there is m-ch pro&a&ility in the conJect-re that it is the original te<t o. the +ospel, an, that in the later cent-ries the cla-se *bapti7in0,,,Spirit* s-pplante, the shorter *in m) name,* @n insertion o. this 3in, ,erive, .rom lit-rgical -se )o-l, very rapi,ly &e a,opte, &y copyists an, translators. The .idache has ch. 9: *Bapti7in0 in the name of the 4ather and of the Son and of the "ol) Spirit*: &-t the passage nee, not &e ,epen,ent on o-r canonical +ospel, an, the .idache else)here has a lit-rgical a,,ition to the te<t o. the +ospels in the ,o<ology attache, to the Lor,'s Prayer. ?-t %renae-s an, Tert-llian alrea,y have the longer cla-se.* HThis is one o. my .avorite B-otesQ The double talk is incre,i&leQI ,ord Biblical o!!entary, Vol --B, +atthe& 1./01 .onald A* (a3ne", 67CA, pa3e11C'111: *The ,isciples are .-rther tol, to *&aptiMe* 5the secon, o. the participles .-nctioning as s-pplementary imperatives8 ne) ,isciples. The comman, to &aptiMe comes as some)hat o. a s-rprise since &aptism is re.erre, to earlier only in chap. 3 5an, #1:#78 )here only 4ohn's &aptism is ,escri&e, 5among the +ospels only in 4ohn 3:##N /:1$# ,o )e rea, o. 4es-s' or his ,isciples' &aptiMing others8. "atthe) tells -s nothing concerning his vie) o. Christian &aptism. :nly "atthe) recor,s this comman, o. 4es-s, &-t the practice o. the early ch-rch s-ggest its historicity. 5c.. @cts #N3!, /1N !:1#, 3!N :1!N 10:/!N 1 :7N ##:10N etc.8. The three.ol, name 5at most only an incipient Trinitarianism8 in )hich the &aptism )as to &e per.orme,, on the other han,, seems clearly to &e a lit-rgical e<pansion o. the evangelist consonant )ith the practice o. his ,ay 5th-s (-&&ar,N c.. .id, 9.18. There is a goo, possi&ility that in its original .orm, as )itnesse, &y the ante$Oicene 2-se&ian .orm, the te<t rea, *ma3e ,isciples in m) name* 5see Cony&eare8. This shorter rea,ing preserves the symmetrical rhythm o. the passage, )hereas the tria,ic .orm-la .its a)3)ar,ly into the str-ct-re as one might e<pect i. it )ere an interpolation 5see (. ?. +reenN c.. (o)ar,N (ill H BS ! 51 !08 7/$03I, on the other han,, arg-es .or a concentric ,esign )ith the tria,ic .orm-la at its center8. %t is Kosmala, ho)ever, )ho has arg-e, most e..ectively .or the shorter rea,ing, pointing to the central importance o. *name o. 4es-s* in early Christian preaching, the practice o. &aptism in the name o. 4es-s, an, the sing-lar *in his name* )ith re.erence to the hope o. the +entiles in %sa. /#:/&, B-ote, &y "atthe) in 1#:1!$#1. @s Carson rightly notes o. o-r passage: *There is no evi,ence )e have 4es-s' ipsissima /erba here* 57 !8. The narrative o. @cts notes the -se o. the name only o. *4es-s Christ* in &aptism 5@cts #:3!N !:10N 10:/!N 1 :7N c.. ;om. 0:3N +al. 3:#98

or simply *the Lor, 4es-s* 5@cts !:10N 1 :78.* @lso present in William @rnol, %%% page: http://))).apostolic.net/&i&licalst-,ies/)or,onmatt#!1 .htm "istory of Do*!a, =ol* 6, Adolp& (a"nack, 67A1, pa3e C7 fn*: *%t cannot &e ,irectly prove, that 4es-s instit-te, &aptism, .or "atthe) #!:1 is not a saying o. the Lor,. The reason .or this assertion are: 518 %t is only a later stage o. the tra,ition that represents the risen Christ as ,elivering speeches an, giving comman,ments. Pa-l 3no)s nothing o. it. 5#8 The Trinitarian .orm-la is .oreign to the mo-th o. 4es-s an, has not the a-thority o. the @postolic age )hich it m-st have ha, i. it ha, ,escen,e, .rom 4es-s himsel.. :n the other han,, Pa-l 3no)s o. no other )ay o. receiving the +entiles into the Christian comm-nities than &y &aptism, an, it is highly pro&a&le that in the time o. Pa-l all 4e)ish Christians )ere also &aptiMe,. We may perhaps ass-me that the practice o. &aptism )as contin-e, in conseB-ence o. 4es-s' recognition o. 4ohn the ?aptist an, his &aptism, even a.ter 4ohn himsel. ha, &een remove,. @ccor,ing to 4ohn /:#, 4es-s himsel. &aptiMe, not, &-t his ,isciples -n,er his s-perinten,ence. %t is possi&le only )ith the help o. tra,ition to trace &ac3 to 4es-s a *Sacrament o. ?aptism,* or an o&ligation to it ex necessitate salutis, thro-gh it is cre,i&le that tra,ition is correct here. ?aptism in the @postolic age )as in the name of the $ord Jesus 51 Cor. 1:13N @cts 1 :78. We cannot ma3e o-t )hen the .orm-la in the name of the 4ather and of the Son and of the "ol) Spirit emerge,.* The #eat of Authority in 2eli*ion, :ames Ma"tinea%, 678A, pa3e A@1: *The very acco-nt )hich tells -s that at the last, a.ter his res-rrection, he commissione, his apostles to go an, &aptiMe among all nations 5"t #!:1 8 &etraye, itsel. &y spea3ing in the Trinitarian lang-age o. the ne<t cent-ry, an, compels -s to see in it the ecclesiastical e,itor, an, not the evangelist, m-ch less the .o-n,er himsel.. Oo historical trace appears o. this &aptismal .orm-la earlier that the *Teaching o. the T)elve @postles* 5ch. 9:1,3 The #ldest Church 2anuel, e,. Philip Scha.., 1!!98, an, the .irst @pology o. 4-stin 5@pol. i. 01.8 a&o-t the mi,,le o. the secon, cent-ry: an, more than a cent-ry later, Cyprian .o-n, it necessary to insist -pon the -se o. it instea, o. the ol,er phrase &aptiMe, *into Christ 4es-s,* or into the *name o. the Lor, 4es-s.* 5+al. 3:#9N @cts 1 :7N 10:/!. Cyprian 2p. 93, 10$1!, has to convert those )ho still -se the shorter .orm.8 Pa-l alone, o. the apostles, )as &aptiMe,, ere he )as *.ille, )ith the (oly +hostN* an, he certainly )as &aptiMe, simply *into Christ 4es-s.* 5;om. 0:38 Det the tri$personal .orm, -nhistorical as it is, is act-ally insiste, on as essential &y almost every Ch-rch in Christen,om, an,, i. yo- have not ha, it prono-nce, over yo-, the ecclesiastical a-thorities cast yo- o-t as a heathen man, an, )ill accor, to yo- neither Christian recognition in yo-r li.e, nor Christian &-rial in yo-r ,eath. %t is a r-le )hich )o-l, con,emn as invali, every recor,e, &aptism per.orme, &y an apostleN .or i. the &oo3 o. @cts may &e tr-ste,, the invaria&le -sage )as &aptism *in the name o. Christ 4es-s,* 5@cts #:3!8 an, not *in the name o. the .ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly Spirit.* @n, ,o-&tless the a-thor 5L-3e8 is as goo, a )itness .or the -sage o. his o)n time 5a&o-t 117 @.6.8 as .or that o. the perio, )hereo. he treats.* "istory of %e& Testa!ent riticis!, -ony!ea"e, 6768, pa3es, 71'680, 666'660: *%t is clear, there.ore, that o. the "SS )hich 2-se&i-s inherite, .rom his pre,ecessor,

Pamphil-s, at Caesarea in Palestine, some at least preserve, the original rea,ing, in )hich there )as no mention either o. ?aptism or o. 1ather, Son, an, (oly +host. %t ha, &een conJect-re, &y 6r. 6avi,son, 6r. "artinea-, &y the present 6ean o. Westminister, an, &y Pro.. (arnac3 5to mention &-t a .e) names o-t o. many8, that here the receive, te<t, co-l, not contain the very )or,s o. 4es-sVthis long &e.ore any one e<cept 6r. ?-rgon, )ho 3ept the ,iscovery to himsel., ha, notice, the 2-se&ian .orm o. the rea,ing.* *%t is satis.actory to notice that 6r. 2&erhar, Oestle, in his ne) e,ition o. the Oe) Testament in Latin an, +ree3, .-rnishes the 2-se&ian rea,ing in his critical apparat-s, an, that 6r. San,ay seems to lean to its acceptance.* A Dictionary of hrist and the Gos$els, :* (astin3s, 678@, pa3e 6C8: *%t is ,o-&te, )hether the e<plicit inJ-nction o. "att. #!:1 can &e accepte, as -ttere, &y 4es-s. ... ?-t the Trinitarian .orm-la in the mo-th o. 4es-s is certainly -ne<pecte,.* The International #tandard Bible (ncyclo$edia, :ames "", 67B@, pa3e D71: *1eine 5&('8- 9 9- 3 0 .8 an, Katten&-sch 5Sch:"er7- %, /37 .. arg-e that the Trinitarian .orm-la in "atthe) #!:1 is sp-rio-s. Oo recor, o. the -se o. the Trinitarian .orm-la can &e ,iscovere, in the @cts or the epistles o. the apostles.* The 3erusale! Bible, 67@@, Pa3e @B: 1ootnote to "atthe) #!:1 , %t may &e that this .orm-la, so .ar as the .-llness o. its e<pression is concerne,, is a re.lection o. the lit-rgical -sage esta&lishe, later in the primitive comm-nity. %t )ill &e remem&ere, that the @cts spea3 o. &aptiMing *in the name o. 4es-s*, @cts 1:7 F. ?-t )hatever the variation on .orm-la the -n,erlying reality remains the same.* The Inter$reters Dictionary of the Bible, 67@0, pa3e DA6: "atthe) #!:1 *... has &een ,isp-te, on te<t-al gro-n,s, &-t in the opinion o. many scholars the )or,s may still &e regar,e, as part o. the tr-e te<t o. "atthe). There is, ho)ever, grave ,o-&t )hether thy may &e the ipsissima /erba o. 4es-s. The evi,ence o. @cts #:3!N 10:/! 5c.. !:10N 1 :78, s-pporte, &y +al. 3:#9N ;om 0:3, s-ggest that &aptism in early Christianity )as a,ministere,, not in the three.ol, name, &-t *in the name o. 4es-s Christ* or *in the name o. the Lor, 4es-s.* This is ,i..ic-lt to reconcile )ith the speci.ic instr-ctions o. the verse at the en, o. "atthe).* The Philoso$hy of the hurch 4athers, Vol. 1, (a""y A%st"yn +olfson, 67@B, p3 6BD: Critical scholarship, on the )hole, reJects the tra,itional attri&-tion o. the tripartite &aptismal .orm-la to 4es-s an, regar,s it as o. later origin. Un,o-&te,ly then the &aptismal .orm-la originally consiste, o. one part an, it gra,-ally ,evelope, into its tripartite .orm. 2an) of the abo/e ;uotes *ere found in the reference section of a local 1a7arene <ni/ersit) librar).

A -ollection of E#idence A3ainst t&e T"aditional +o"din3 of Matt&e) 01:67

&y Clinton 6. Willis http://))).apostolic.net/&i&licalst-,ies/matt#!1 $)illis.htm

T&e Encyclopedia of $eli3ion and Et&ics:

@s to "atthe) #!:1 , it says: %t is the central piece o. evi,ence .or the tra,itional 5Trinitarian8 vie). %. it )ere -n,isp-te,, this )o-l,, o. co-rse, &e ,ecisive, &-t its tr-st)orthiness is imp-gne, on gro-n,s o. te<t-al criticism, literary criticism an, historical criticism. The same 2ncyclope,ia .-rther states that: *The o&vio-s e<planation o. the silence o. the Oe) Testament on the tri-ne name, an, the -se o. another 542SUS O@"28 .orm-la in @cts an, Pa-l, is that this other .orm-la )as the earlier, an, t&e t"i%ne fo"m%la is a late" addition.*

Edm%nd Sc&link, T&e .oct"ine of ?aptism, pa3e 01:

*The &aptismal comman, in its "atthe) #!:1 .orm can not &e the historical origin o. Christian &aptism. @t the very least, it m-st &e ass-me, that the te<t has &een transmitte, in a .orm e<panded !y t&e E-at&olicF c&%"c&.*

T&e Tyndale /e) Testament -ommenta"ies, I, 0CA:

*%t is o.ten a..irme, that the )or,s in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host are not the ipsissima ver&a He<act )or,sI o. 4es-s, &-t...a late" lit%"3ical addition.*

+il&elm ?o%sset, ,y"ios -&"istianity, pa3e 07A:

*The testimony .or the )i,e ,istri&-tion o. the simple &aptismal .orm-la Hin the Oame o. 4es-sI ,o)n into the secon, cent-ry is so over)helming that even in Matt&e) 01:67, t&e T"inita"ian fo"m%la )as late" inse"ted.*

T&e -at&olic Encyclopedia, II, pa3e 0@D:

*The &aptismal .orm-la )as c&an3ed .rom the name o. 4es-s Christ to the )or,s 1ather, Son, an, (oly Spirit &y the Catholic Ch-rch in the secon, cent-ry.*

(astin3s .ictiona"y of t&e ?i!le 67@D, pa3e 686A:

*The Trinity.$...is not ,emonstra&le &y logic or &y Script-ral proo.s,...The term Trias )as .irst -se, &y Theophil-s o. @ntioch 5c @6 1!08,...5The term Trinity8 not .o-n, in Script-re...* *The chie. Trinitarian te<t in the OT is the &aptismal .orm-la in "t #!:1 ...This late post$res-rrection saying, not .o-n, in any other +ospel or any)here else in the OT, has &een vie)e, &y some scholars as an interpolation into "atthe). %t has also &een pointe, o-t that the i,ea o. ma3ing ,isciples is contin-e, in teaching them, so that the intervening re.erence to &aptism )ith its Trinitarian .orm-la )as perhaps a later insertion into the saying. 1inally, 2-se&i-s's .orm o. the 5ancient8 te<t 5*in my name* rather than in the name o. the Trinity8 has ha, certain a,vocates. 5@ltho-gh the Trinitarian .orm-la is no) .o-n, in the mo,ern$,ay &oo3 o. "atthe)8, this ,oes not g-arantee its so-rce in the historical teaching o. 4es-s. %t is ,o-&tless &etter to vie) the

5Trinitarian8 .orm-la as ,erive, .rom early 5Catholic8 Christian, perhaps Syrian or Palestinian, &aptismal -sage 5c. 6i,ache 9:1$/8, an, as a &rie. s-mmary o. the 5Catholic8 Ch-rch's teaching a&o-t +o,, Christ, an, the Spirit:...*

T&e Sc&aff'(e"2o3 Encyclopedia of $eli3io%s ,no)led3e:

*4es-s, ho)ever, cannot have given (is ,isciples this Trinitarian or,er o. &aptism a.ter (is res-rrectionN .or the Oe) Testament 3no)s only one &aptism in the name o. 4es-s 5@cts #:3!N !:10N 10:/3N 1 :7N +al. 3:#9N ;om. 0:3N 1 Cor. 1:13$178, )hich still occ-rs even in the secon, an, thir, cent-ries, )hile the Trinitarian .orm-la occ-rs only in "att. #!:1 , an, then only again 5in the8 6i,ache 9:1 an, 4-stin, @pol. 1:01...1inally, the ,istinctly lit-rgical character o. the .orm-la...is strangeN it )as not the )ay o. 4es-s to ma3e s-ch .orm-las... t&e fo"mal a%t&enticity of Matt* 01:67 m%st !e disp%ted...* page /37.

T&e :e"%salem ?i!le, a sc&ola"ly -at&olic )o"k, states:

*%t may &e that this .orm-la, 5Tri-ne "atthe) #!:1 8 so .ar as the .-llness o. its e<pression is concerne,, is a re.lection o. the 5"an$ma,e8 lit-rgical -sage esta!lis&ed late" in the primitive 5Catholic8 comm-nity. %t )ill &e remem&ere, that @cts spea3s o. &aptiMing *in the name o. 4es-s,*...*

T&e Inte"national Standa"d ?i!le Encyclopedia, =ol* B, pa3e 0@DC, Unde" "?aptism," says:
*Matt&e) 01:67 in partic-lar only canoniMes a late" ecclesiastical sit-ation, that its -niversalism is cont"a"y to t&e facts of ea"ly -&"istian &isto"y, an, its T"inita"ian fo"m%la 5is9 fo"ei3n to t&e mo%t& of :es%s.*

/e) $e#ised Standa"d =e"sion says t&is a!o%t Matt&e) 1:67:

*"o,ern critics claim this .orm-la is .alsely ascri&e, to 4es-s an, that it represents late" 5Catholic8 ch-rch t"adition, .or no)&e"e in the &oo3 o. @cts 5or any other &oo3 o. the ?i&le8 is &aptism per.orme, )ith the name o. the Trinity...*

:ames Moffatt's /e) Testament T"anslation:

%n a .ootnote on page 0/ a&o-t "atthe) #!:1 he ma3es this statement: *%t may &e that this 5Trinitarian8 .orm-la, so .ar as the .-llness o. its e<pression is concerne,, is a re.lection o. the 5Catholic8 lit-rgical -sage esta!lis&ed late" in the primitive 5Catholic8 comm-nity, It )ill !e "emem!e"ed t&at Acts speaks of !apti2in3 "in t&e name of :es%s, c.. @cts 1:7 F.*

Tom (a"p%":
Tom (arp-r, .ormer ;eligion 2,itor o. the Toronto Star in his *1or Christ's sa3e,* page 103 in.orms -s o. these .acts: *@ll &-t the most conservative scholars agree that at least the latter part o. this comman, HTri-ne part o. "atthe) #!:1 I )as inse"ted late". The HTrinitarianI .orm-la occ-rs no)here else in the Oe) Testament, an, )e 3no) .rom the only evi,ence availa&le Hthe rest o. the Oe) TestamentI that t&e ea"liest -&%"c& did not !apti2e people %sin3 t&ese )o"ds 5*in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host*8 !aptism )as *into* or *in* t&e name of :es%s alone. Th-s it is arg-e, that the verse originally rea, *&aptiMing them in "y Oame* and t&en )as e<panded

Hchange,I to )or3 in the Hlater Catholic TrinitarianI ,ogma. %n .act, the .irst vie) p-t .or)ar, &y +erman critical scholars as )ell as the Unitarians in the nineteenth cent-ry, )as state, as the accepte, position o. mainline scholarship as long ago as 1 1 , )hen Pea3e's commentary )as .irst p-&lishe,: *The Ch-rch o. the .irst ,ays 5@6 338 ,i, not o&serve this )orl,$)i,e 5Trinitarian8 comman,ment, even i. they 3ne) it. The comman, to &aptiMe into the three.ol, HTrinityI name is a late doct"inal e<pansion.*

T&e ?i!le -ommenta"y 6767 pa3e C0D:

6r. Pea3e ma3es it clear that: *The comman, to &aptiMe into the three.ol, name is a late ,octrinal e<pansion. %nstea, o. the )or,s &aptiMing them in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host )e sho-l, pro&a&ly rea, simply$*into My /ame.*

T&eolo3y of t&e /e) Testament:

?y ;. ?-ltmann, 1 71, page 133 -n,er Kerygma o. the (ellenistic Ch-rch an, the Sacraments. The historical .act that the verse "atthe) #!:1 )as altere, is openly con.esse,, is very plainly. *@s to the rite o. &aptism, it )as normally cons-mmate, as a &ath in )hich the one receiving &aptism completely s-&merge,, an, i. possi&le in .lo)ing )ater as the all-sions o. @cts !:30, (e&. 10:##, ?arn. 11:11 permit -s to gather, an, as 6i,. 9:1$3 speci.ically says. @ccor,ing to the last passage, Hthe apocryphal Catholic 6i,acheI s-..ices in case o. the nee, i. )ater is three times po-re, H.alse Catholic sprin3ling ,octrineI on the hea,. T&e one !apti2in3 names o#e" t&e one !ein3 !apti2ed t&e name of t&e Lo"d :es%s -&"ist,* later e<pan,e, Hchange,I to the name o. the 1ather, Son, an, the (oly Spirit.*

.oct"ine and P"actice in t&e Ea"ly -&%"c&:

?y 6r. St-art +. (all 1 #, pages #0 an, #1. Pro.essor St-art +. (all )as the .ormer Chair o. 2cclesiastical (istory at King's College, Lon,on 2nglan,. 6r. (all ma3es the .act-al statement that Catholic Trinitarian ?aptism )as not the original .orm o. Christian ?aptism, rather the original )as 4es-s name &aptism. *%n the name o. the 1ather an, o. the Son an, o. the (oly Spirit,* alt&o%3& t&ose )o"ds )e"e not %sed, as t&ey late" a"e, as a fo"m%la. Oot all &aptisms .itte, this r-le.* 6r (all .-rther, states: *"ore common an, perhaps more ancient )as the simple, *%n the name o. the Lor, :es%s or, 4es-s Christ.* This practice )as 3no)n among "arcionites an, :rtho,o<N it is certainly the s-&Ject o. controversy in ;ome an, @.rica a&o-t #7/, as the anonymo-s tract 6e re&aptismate 5*:n re&aptism*8 sho)s.*

T&e ?e3innin3s of -&"istianity: T&e Acts of t&e Apostles =ol%me 6, P"ole3omena 6:

The 4e)ish +entile, an, Christian ?ac3gro-n,s &y 1. 4. 1oa3es 4ac3son an, Kirsopp La3e 1 9 version pages 337$339. *There is little ,o-&t as to the sacramental nat-re o. &aptism &y the mi,,le o. the .irst cent-ry in the circles represente, &y the Pa-line 2pistles, an, it is in,isp-ta&le in the secon, cent-ry. The pro&lem is )hether it can in this 5Trinitarian8 .orm &e trace, &ac3 to 4es-s, an, i. not )hat light is thro)n -pon its history &y the analysis o. the synoptic +ospels an, @cts. @ccor,ing to Catholic teaching, 5tra,itional Trinitarian8 &aptism )as instit-te, &y 4es-s. %t is easy to see ho) necessary this )as .or the &elie. in sacramental regeneration.

"ysteries, or sacraments, )ere al)ays the instit-tion o. the Lor, o. the c-ltN &y them, an, &y them only, )ere its s-pernat-ral &ene.its o&taine, &y the .aith.-l. Oevertheless, i. evi,ence co-nts .or anything, .e) points in the pro&lem o. the +ospels are so clear as the impro&a&ility o. this teaching. The reason .or this assertion is the a&sence o. any mention o. Christian &aptism in "ar3, W, or the thir, +ospel, an, the s-spicio-s nat-re o. the acco-nt o. its instit-tion in "atthe) #!:1 : *+o ye into all the )orl,, an, ma3e ,isciples o. all +entiles 5nations8, &aptiMing them in the name o. the 1ather, the Son, an, the (oly Spirit.* %t is not even certain )hether this verse o-ght to &e regar,e, as part o. the gen-ine te<t o. "atthe). Oo other te<t, in,ee,, is .o-n, in any e<tant man-scripts, in any lang-age, &-t it is arg-a&le that 4-stin "artyr, tho-gh he -se, the tri-ne .orm-la, ,i, not .in, it in his te<t o. the +ospelsN (ermas seems to &e -nacB-ainte, )ith itN the evi,ence o. the 6i,ache is am&ig-o-s, an, 2-se&i-s ha&it-ally, tho-gh not invaria&ly, B-otes it in another .orm, *+o ye into all the )orl, an, ma3e ,iciples o. all the +entiles in "y Oame.* Oo one acB-ainte, )ith the .acts o. te<t-al history an, patristic evi,ence can ,o-&t the ten,ency )o-l, have &een to replace the 2-se&ian te<t 5%n "y Oame8 &y the ecclesiastical 5Catholic Trinitarian8 .orm-la o. &aptism, so that transcriptional eve,ence* is certainly on the si,e o. the te<t omitting &aptism. ?-t it is -nnecessary to ,isc-ss this point at length, &eca-se even i. the or,inary 5mo,ern Trinity8 te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 &e so-n, it can not represent historical .act. Wo-l, they have &aptiMe,, as @cts says that they ,i,, an, Pa-l seem to con.irm the statement, in the name o. the Lor, 4es-s i. the Lor, himsel. ha, comman,e, them to -se the 5Catholic Trinitarian8 .orm-la o. the Ch-rchA :n every point the evi,ence o. @cts is convincing proo. that the 5Catholic8 tra,ition em&o,ie, in "atthe) #!:1 is a late 5non$ Script-ral Cree,8 an, -nhistorical. Oeither in the thir, gospel nor in @cts is there any re.erence to the 5Catholic Trinitarian8 "atthaean tra,ition, nor any mention o. the instit-tion o. 5Catholic Trinitarian8 Christian &aptism. Oevertheless, a little later in the narrative )e .in, several re.erences to &aptism in )ater in the name o. the Lor, 4es-s as part o. recogniMe, 52arly8 Christian practice. Th-s )e are .ace, &y the pro&lem o. a Christian rite, not ,irectly ascri&e, to 4es-s, &-t ass-me, to &e a -niversal 5an, original8 practice. That it )as so is con.irme, &y the 2pistles, &-t the .acts o. importance are all containe, in @cts.* @lso in the same &oo3 on page 330 in the .ootnote n-m&er one, Pro.essor La3e ma3es an astonishing ,iscovery in the so$calle, Teaching or 6i,ache. The 6i,ache has an astonishing contra,iction that is .o-n, in it. :ne passage re.ers to the necessity o. &aptism in the name o. the Lor,, )hich is 4es-s, )hile the other .amo-s passage teaches a Trinitarian ?aptism. La3e raises the pro&a&ility that the apocryphal 6i,ache o. the early Catholic Ch-rch "an-al may have also &een e,ite, or change, to promote the later Trinitarian ,octrine. %t is a historical .act that the Catholic Ch-rch at one time &aptiMe, its converts in the name o. 4es-s &-t later change, to Trinity &aptism. *1. %n the act-al ,escription o. &aptism in the 6i,ache the tri-ne 5Trinity8 .orm-la is -se,N in the instr-ctions .or the 2-charist 5comm-nion8 the con,ition .or a,mission is &aptism in the name o. the Lor,. %t is o&vio-s that in the case o. an eleventh$cent-ry man-script Tthe tri-ne .orm-la )as almost certain to &e inserte, in the ,escription o.

&aptism, )hile the less -s-al .orm-la ha, a chance o. escaping notice )hen it )as only -se, inci,entally.*

T&e -at&olic Uni#e"sity of Ame"ica in +as&in3ton, .* -* 670D, /e) Testament St%dies /%m!e" A:
The Lor,'s Comman, To ?aptiMe @n (istorical Critical %nvestigation. ?y ?ernar, (enry C-neo page #9. *The passages in @cts an, the Letters o. St. Pa-l. These passages seem to point to the earliest .orm as &aptism in the name o. the Lor,.* @lso )e .in,. *%s it possi&le to reconcile these .acts )ith the &elie. that Christ comman,e, his ,isciples to &aptiMe in the tri-ne .ormA (a, Christ given s-ch a comman,, it is -rge,, the @postolic Ch-rch )o-l, have .ollo)e, him, an, )e sho-l, have some trace o. this o&e,ience in the Oe) Testament. Oo s-ch trace can &e .o-n,. The only e<planation o. this silence, accor,ing to the anti$tra,itional vie), is this the short christological 54es-s Oame8 .orm-la )as 5the8 original, an, t&e lon3e" t"ine fo"m%la )as a late" de#elopment.*

A (isto"y of T&e -&"istian -&%"c&:

1 73 &y Williston Wal3er .ormer Pro.essor o. 2cclesiastical (istory at Dale University. :n page 7 )e see the historical .acts again ,eclare,. *With the early ,isciples generally &aptism )as *in the name o. 4es-s Christ.* There is no mention o. &aptism in the name o. the Trinity in the Oe) Testament, e<cept in the comman, attri&-te, to Christ in "atthe) #!:1 . That te<t is early, 5&-t not the original8 ho)ever. %t -n,erlies the @postles' Cree,, an, the practice recor,e, 5Tor interpolate,8 in the Teaching, 5or the 6i,ache8 an, &y 4-stin. The Christian lea,ers o. the thir, cent-ry retaine, the recognition o. the earlier .orm, an,, in ;ome at least, &aptism in the name o. Christ )as ,eeme, vali,, i. irreg-lar, certainly .rom the time o. ?ishop Stephen 5#7/$#798.* :n page 01 Pro.essor an, Ch-rch historian Wal3er, revises the tr-e origin an, p-rpose o. "atthe) #!:1 . This Te<t is the .irst man$ma,e ;oman Catholic Cree, that )as the prototype .or the later @pocryphal @postles' Cree,. "atthe) #!:1 )as invente, along )ith the @pocryphal @postles' Cree, to co-nter so$calle, heretics an, +nostics that &aptiMe, in the name o. 4es-s ChristQ "arcion altho-gh some)hat mi<e, -p in some o. his ,octrine still &aptiMe, his converts the ?i&lical )ay in the name o. 4es-s Christ. "atthe) #!:1 is the .irst non$?i&lical ;oman Catholic Cree,Q The sp-rio-s Catholic te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 )as invente, to s-pport the ne)er tri-ne, Trinity ,octrine. There.ore, "atthe) #!:1 is not the *+reat Commission o. 4es-s Christ.* "atthe) #!:1 is the great Catholic hoa<Q @cts #:3!, L-3e #/:/9, an, 1 Corinthians 0:11 give -s the ancient original )or,s an, teaching o. Desh-a/4es-sQ %s it not also strange that "atthe) #!:1 is missing .rom the ol, man-scripts o. Sinaitic-s, C-retonian-s an, ?o&iensisA *While the po)er o. the episcopate an, the signi.icance o. ch-rches o. apostolical 5Catholic8 .o-n,ation )as th-s greatly enhance,, the +nostic crisis sa) a correspon,ing ,evelopment o. 5man$ma,e non$inspire, sp-rio-s8 cree,, at least in the West. Some .orm o. instr-ction &e.ore &aptism )as common &y the mi,,le o. the secon, cent-ry. @t ;ome this ,evelope,, apparently, &et)een 170 an, 197, an, pro&a&ly in opposition to "arcionite +nosticism, into an e<plication o. the &aptismal .orm-la o. "atthe) #!:1 the earliest 3no)n .orm o. the so$calle, @postles Cree,.*

-at&olic -a"dinal :osep& $at2in3e":

(e ma3es this con.ession as to the origin o. the chie. Trinity te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 . *The &asic .orm o. o-r 5"atthe) #!:1 Trinitarian8 pro.ession o. .aith too3 shape ,-ring the co-rse o. the second an, t&i"d cent-ries in connection )ith the ceremony o. &aptism. So .ar as its place o. origin is concerne,, the te<t 5"atthe) #!:1 8 came .rom the city o. ;ome.* The Trinity &aptism an, te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 there.ore ,i, not originate .rom the original Ch-rch that starte, in 4er-salem aro-n, @6 33. %t )as rather as the evi,ence proves a later invention o. ;oman Catholicism completely .a&ricate,. Rery .e) 3no) a&o-t these historical .acts.

"T&e .emonst"atio E#an3elica" !y E%se!i%s:

2-se&i-s )as the Ch-rch historian an, ?ishop o. Caesarea. :n page 17# 2-se&i-s B-otes the early &oo3 o. "atthe) that he ha, in his li&rary in Caesarea. @ccor,ing to this eye)itness o. an -naltere, ?oo3 o. "atthe) that co-l, have &een the original &oo3 or the .irst copy o. the original o. "atthe). 2-se&i-s in.orms -s o. 4es-s' act-al )or,s to his ,isciples in the original te<t o. "atthe) #!:1 : *With one )or, an, voice (e sai, to (is ,isciples: *+o, an, ma3e ,isciples o. all nations in My /ame, teaching them to o&serve all things )hatsover % have comman,e, yo-.* That *Oame* is 4es-s. T&e E%se!ian 4o"m of t&e Te<t of Matt&e) 01:67 As fo%nd in: 5eitschrift fur die %eutesta!entliche ,issenschaft 52,ite, &y 6r. 2r)in Pre-schen in 6armsta,t8 6786, pa3es 0CA'011 ?y 4"ede"ick -* -ony!ea"e, f"om <fo"d

Ta3en an, P-rs-e, 1rom the Preliminary 2..ort 1o-n, in: http://))).go,glori.ie,.com/Cony&eare.htm Tischen,or. in his eighth e,ition o. the +ree3 O.T. prints "t #!, 1 . #0 5)ith the trinitarian .orm-la8: 51 8 XYZ[\][^_[` TS@ Y\^ ab]c_[\db_[ Xb^_b _b []^c ebX_fgY^_[` b\_Y\` [f` _Y Y^Yab _Y\ Xb_ZY` hbf _Y\ \fY\ hbf _Y\ bifY\ X^[\ab_Y` 5#08 jfjbdhY^_[` b\_Y\` _cZ[f^ Xb^_b Ydb [^[_[fkbac^ \af^ hbf fjY\ [il a[] \al^ [faf Xbdb` _b` ca[Zb` [l` _c` d\^_[k[fb` _Y\ bfl^Y` TS? bac^ H51 8 +o ye there.ore, an, teach all nations, &aptiMing them in the name o. the 1ather, an, o. the Son, an, o. the (oly +host: 5#08 Teaching them to o&serve all things )hatsoever % have comman,e, yo-: an,, lo, % am )ith yo- al)ays, -nto the en, o. the )orl,. @men.I (is apparatus criticus s-ggest that verse 1 stan,s in all patristic B-otations in the .orm given a&ove. %n all 2SS an, versions the passage is so rea,, tho-gh it may &e remar3e, that in the ol,est Syriac 2S the .olio )hich containe, the en, o. "atthe) has ,isappeare,. :thers &esi,es Tischen,or. have ass-me, that the patristic citations o. "t. #!,1 en,orse, )ith no e<ception, the receive, te<t. Th-s 6r. @. Pl-mmer in (astings'

6ictionary o. the ?i&le 5@rt. on ?aptism, p. #7#8 )rites: *The baptismal formula in 2t, =>- 19 is in all authorities *ithout exception.* @n, ;enan in his )or3 $es (/an0iles ch. S )rites o. this te<t as .ollo)s: *$a formule du bapt?me s+est @lar0ie et comprend sous une forme asse7 s)ncr@ti;ue les trois mots sacramentels de la th@olo0ie du temps- le &Are- le 4ils- le Saint:(sprit, $e 0erme do do0me de la Trinit@ est ainsi d@pos@ dans un coin de la pa0e sacr@e- et de/iendra f@cond.* The .ollo)ing testimonia .rom )or3s o. 2-se&i-s imply another .orm o. te<t: HOote: "any o. the .ollo)ing passages are given in +ree3 in the original )ith .e) comments in 2nglish. (ere % present the long +ree3 paragraphs in -naccente, +ree3, .or the acc-rate accents go to the P61 at the top o. the page 5% -se, the S)mbol .ont .o-n, in my Wor, processor8I. 6* Comment. in Psal. 2,. "igne Rol. #3, col. 70 5)here 2-se&i-s also B-otes "t 17, #/ an, "t 10, 7.08: plhn alla pr)to-R to-R apo to- %srahl 3alei... leg)n :-3 hlBon ei mh eiR ta pro&ata ta apol)lota oio3o- %srahl 5"t.17:#/8 3ai toiR apostoloiR ,e a-topr)toiR a-toiR 3hr-ssein to e-aggelion parhnei Jas3)n SiR o,on eBn)n mh apelBhte, 3ai eiR polin Samareit)n mh eiselBhte pore-esBe ,e mallon proR ta pro&ata ta apol)lota oi3o- %srahl 5"t.10:7,08. 2ita met e3eino-R p"osetatte toi= ea%to% maGetai= e%a33eli2esGai panta ta eGn& en t) onomati a%to%. 0* %&i,. col. /10: o-toi 5sc. apostoloi8 prostacBenteR -p a%to% to% s)t&"o= maG&te%sai panta ta eGn&, -po thR a-to- ,-name)R empne-sBenteR, thn eiR panta ta eBnh poreian steilamenoi, ,ihlBon 3ai ta &ar&ara J-la 3ai thn oi3o-menhn ,ie,,ramon s-mpasan D* %n Ps 07, 0, col. 073: sJo,ra ,e a3olo-B)R eip)n 23ei e-JranBhsometa en a-t), epiJerei t) ,espoMonti en th ,-nasteia a-to- to- ai)noR nohseiR ,e 3ai to-to a-tolegontoR a3o-)n to- s)throR 2,oBh moi pasa e<o-sia en o-ran) 3ai epi thR ghR po"e%onte= maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%. 6io 3ata men ton @3-lan eirhtai t) e<o-siaMonti en th ,-nasteia a-to- ,i ai)noR B* %n Ps 09, 31$30, col. 9#0: yilh gar J)nh toiR a-to- maBhtaiR eip)n 6e-te a3olo-Beite moi 3ai poihs) -maR alieiR anBr)p)n, ,-namei to ergon epoiei 3ai palin enteilamenoR a-toiR 3ai eip)n po"e%Gente= maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%. 2rg) thn ,-namiR e,ei3n- 3ai a-BoiR eip)n 6ei 3hr-cBhnai to e-aggelion thR &asileiaR A* %&i,. Ps 90, #0, col. 00: opBR ,e en th Balassh h o,oR a-to- gegone 3ai ai tri&oi a-to- en -,asi polloiR 3ai )R ta icnh a-to- o- gigns3etai, eish episthsaR th proR to-R maBhtaR epaggelia a-to- Jhsash po"e%Gente= maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo% 3ai i,o- eg) meB -m)n pasaR taR hmeraR e)R thR s-nteleiaR to3osmo@* %n Ps /, 3, col. 1###: po"e%Gente= maG&te%sate panta ta eGn&. ?o-letai gar 3. t. l. C* Comment. in %saiam, 1!N P. +. tom. #/, col. #13: po"e%Gente= maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%. Pore-omenoi ,e Jhsi 3o-Joi ginesBe 3. t. l. 1* 6emonstr.2vang.%,3,p.7: ei3)tos o s)thr 3ai 3-rioR hm)n %hso-R o -ioR to- Beometa thn e3 ne3r)nanastasin toiR a-to- maBetaiR Po"e%Gentes maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& epi legei ,i,as3onteR a-to-R threin panta osa eneteilamhn -min :- gar ta ")-se)R nomima ,i,as3ein panta ta eBnh pare3ele-sato, all osa a-toR eneteilato. Ta-ta , hn ta en toiR e-aggelioiR a-to- Jeromena Ho. co-rse, o-r Lor, an, Savio-r, 4es-s the

Son o. +o,, sai, to (is ,isciples a.ter (is ;es-rrection: *Go and make disciples of all t&e nations,'' an, a,,e,: *Teaching them to o&serve all things, )hatsoever % have comman,e, yo-.'' 1or (e ,i, not &i, them to teach the la)s o. "oses to all nations, &-t *hatsoe/er "e "imself had commanded: that is to say, the contents o. the +ospelsI H:nline at: e-se&i-sL,eL03L&oo31.htmI 7* 6emonstr. 2vang. %, /, p. ! 5)here also B-otes %s.#:3,/8: TiR , ah eih o e3 Si)n proe3lhl-B)R nomoR... 5%s.#:3,/8 all h o e-aggeli3oR logoR o ,ia to- s)throR hm)n %hso- to- Cristo- 3ai t)n apostol)n a-to- e3 thR Si)n proelhl-B)R 3ai ,ielB)n panta ta eBnhN pro,hlon gar )R apo thR %ero-salhm 3ai to- ta-th prospara3eimeno- Si)n oro-R... o thR 3ainhR ,iaBh3hR a-to- ar<amenoR taiR a-to- J)naiR, aR proR to-R a-to- maBhtaR pepoihto, JhsaR Po"e%Gentes maG&te%sate panta ta eGn&, ,i,as3onteR a-to-R Threin panta osa eneteilamhn -min. Tina ,e ta-ta hn, all h ta thR 3ainhR ,iaBh3hR maBhmata te 3ai pai,e-mata H1or o-t o. Sion shall go .orth a la)m 5%s.#:3,/8 )hat can it &e &-t the )or, o. the +ospel, 60oin0 forth from Sion6 throu0h our Sa/iour Jesus Christ- and 0oin0 throu0h all the nationsB 1or it is plain that it )as in 4er-salem an, "o-nt Sion a,Jacent thereto, )here o-r Lor, an, Savio-r .or the most part live, an, ta-ght, that the la) o. the ne) covenant &egan an, .rom thence )ent .orth an, shone -pon all, accor,ing to the comman,s )hich (e gave his ,isciples )hen (e sai,: *Go ye, and make disciples of all t&e nations, teaching them to o&serve all things, )hatsoever % have comman,e, yo-.* What co-l, (e mean &-t the teaching an, ,iscipline o. the ne) covenantAI H! an, can &e .o-n, #nline at: http://))).tert-llian.org/e-se&i-sL,eL03L&oo31.htmI 68* 6emonstr. 2vang. %%%, 0, col. #33, p. 131 6 5)hich rec-rs in the Syriac Theophany, see Or.1/8: : ,e s)thr 3ai 3-rioR hm)n o-3 enenohse men, o- tetolmh3e ,e eni ,e rhmati 3ai mia J)nh JhsaR proR to-R ea-to- maBhtaR Po"e%Gentes maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%, ,i,as3onteR a-to-R Threin panta osa eneteilamhn -min, ergon ephge t) log) HWith one )or, an, voice (e sai, to (is ,isciples: *Go, and make disciples of all t&e nations in My /ame, teaching them to o&serve all things )hatsoever % have comman,e, yo-,* an, (e Joine, the e..ect to (is Wor,I 66* 6emonstr. 2vang. %%%, 0, col. #/0, p. 130: o ,e mh,en Bnhton 3ai anBr)pinon ,ianohBeiR ora ei mh )R alhB)R Beo- palin proh3ato J)nhn a-toleMei JhsaR toiR e-telestatoiR e3einoiR a-to- maBhtaiR Po"e%Gentes maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& 3ai p)R eipon an oi maBhtai t) ,i,as3al) pant)R po- apo3rinamenoi, to-B hmin estai ,-naton... Ta-ta h Jh3ant)n an 3ata to ei3oR h ,ianohBent)n t)n to- %hso- maBht)n, miaR prosBh3h le<e)R a-toiR o ,i,as3aloR l-sin t)n aporhBent)n -peBeto, JhsaR 3at orB)sin en t) onomati mo%. :- gar ,h apl)R 3ai a,iorist)R maBhte-sai panta ta eBnh prosetatte, meta prosBh3hR ,e anag3aiaR thR en t) onomati mo%. 2pei,h gar h ,-namiR thR a-to- proshgoriaR tosa-th tiR en, )R Janai ton apostolon oti ,h 2carisato a-t) o WeoR to onoma to %pe" pan onoma, ina en t) onomati %hso- pan gon- 3amyh epo-rani)n 3ai epigei)n 3ai 3atacBoni)n. 2i3ot)R, thR to-R pollo-R lanBano-shR en t) onomati a-to- ,-name)R thn arethn emJain)n, toiR a-to- maBhtaiR eJhse Po"e%Gentes maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo% H)ho conceive, nothing h-man or mortal, see ho* trul) "e speaks )ith the voice o. +o,, saying in these very )or,s to those disciples of "is, the poorest o. the poor: *Go fo"t&, and make disciples of all t&e nations.* *?-t ho),* the ,isciples might reasona&ly have ans)ere, the "aster,

*can )e ,o itAm *?y )hat po)er shall )e ever s-rvive o-r ,aring attemptA*m ?-t )hile the ,isciples o. 4es-s )ere most li3ely either saying th-s, or thin3ing th-s, the 2aster sol/ed their difficulties- b) the addition of one phrase- sa)in0 the) should triumph *In MH /AME.* 4or "e did not bid them simpl) and indefinitel) make disciples of all nations- but *ith the necessar) addition of *In my /ame.* And the po*er of "is %a!e bein0 so 0reat, that the apostle says: *+o, has given him a name )&ic& is a!o#e e#e"y name, that in t&e name o. 4es-s every 3nee sho-l, &o), o. things in heaven, an, things in earth, an, things -n,er the earth,* (e she)e, the virt-e o. the po)er in (is /ame conceale, .rom the cro), *hen "e said to "is disciples: *Go, and make disciples of all nations in my /ame.*I 60* 6emonstr. 2vang. %%%, 9, col. #//, p. 13! 5(ere is )hat, a.ter ,)elling on the ec-menical sprea, o. Christianity 2-se&i-s ,esires -s, again this also occ-rs in the Syriac Theophania v, / , )itho-t any ,i..erence8: s-nomologein me all)R a-to-R 3e3rath3enai to- tolmhmatoR h Beiotera 3ai )per anBr)pon ,-namei 3ai s-nergia to- JhsantoR a-toiR MaG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%. To-to o-n eip)n epis-nhyen epaggelian, ,i hR emellon epiBarrein 3ai proB-m)R epi,i,onai sJaR a-to-R toiR parhghlmennoiR Jhsi go-n a-toiR, Kai i,o- eg) meB -m)n eimi pasaR taR emeraR e)R thR s-nteleiaR to- ai)noR H% am irresisti&ly .orce, to retrace my steps, an, search .or their ca-se, an, to con.ess that they co-l, only have s-ccee,e, in their ,aring vent-re, &y a po)er more ,ivine, an, more strong than man's, an, b) the co:operation of "im !ho said to them: *Make disciples of all t&e nations in my /ame.* @n, *hen "e said this "e appended a promise, that )o-l, ens-re their co-rage an, rea,iness to ,evote themselves to carrying o-t "is commands. 4or "e said to them: *@n, loQ % am )ith yoall the ,ays, even -nto the en, o. the )orl,.*I H10, 11 an, 1# can &e .o-n, #nline at:http://))).tert-llian.org/e-se&i-sL,eL07L&oo33.htmII 6D* 6emonstr. 2vang. %S, 11, col. 0 3, p. //7 5)here is inserte, an e<planatory sc. %-,aeor-m8: Kai toiR ge a-to- maBetaiR meta thn e3ein)n 5sc. %-,aeor-m8 paraithsin prostattei Po"e%Gentes maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%. :-t) ,hta hmeiR men ta eBnh ton proanaJ)nhBenta 3ai proR to- patroR apestalmenon proJhthn... egn)men 3ai 3ate,e<ameBa H@n, (e &i,s (is o)n ,isciples a.ter their reJection, *+o ye an, ma3e ,isciples o. all nations in my name.'' So, then, )e that are the +entiles 3no) an, receive the prophet that )as .oretol,mI H:nline at: http://))).tert-llian.org/e-se&i-sL,eL11L&oo3 .htmI 6B* 5C 108. "t. #!, 1 . #0 is cite, three times in the .i.th &oo3 o. the Theophania o. 2-se&i-s, p-&lishe, an, translate, &y 6r. Sam-el Lee in 1!/# an, 1!/3. Lee too3 his te<t .rom the Oitrian Co,e< o. the ?ritish m-se-m )ritten in @.6. /11. The .irst citation is ma,e in R, 19, as .ollo)s 5cp. Lee Theoph. in 2nglish p. # !8: *(e 5the Savio-r8 in one single )or, an, in one single oracle, sai, to his ,isciples, Go )e and make disciples of all peoples in m) name- and teach )e them e/er) thin0 *hich ha/e commanded )ou, @n, the ,ee, he ma,e to .ollo) the )or,. @n, .orth)ith 5lit. a, instar ei-s8 )ere ma,e ,isciples in a &rie. time all the races o. the +ree3s together an, o. the &ar&arians. ?-t the la) )as not in a &oo3 o. the Savio-r, &-t -n)ritten )as &y his comman, so)n among all peoples.* 6A* 5C118. Theophania R, /0: *?-t he )ho -se, nothing h-man or mortal, see ho) in tr-th

he again conce,e, the oracle o. +o,, in the )or, )hich he spa3e to his ,isciples, the )ea3 ones, saying, 6Go )e and make disciples of all the peoples,,, These things then 5scil. (o) can )e ,o thisA (o) preach to the ;omans etc.8 his ,isciples o. o-r Savio-r )o-l, either have sai, or tho-ght, so &y a single a,,ition o. a )or,, he resolve, the s-m o. those things o. )hich they ,o-&te,, the s-m o. them he committe, to them in that he sai,, ye conB-er in m) name 5lit. in nomine meo proprio8. 1or it )as not that he or,ere, them simply an, )itho-t ,iscriminating, to 0o and make disciples of all peoples, &-t )ith this important a,,ition, that he sai,, n m) name 5lit. in nomine meo proprio8. 6@* 5C1#8. Theophania R, / , p. 330: *% am again compelle, to rec-r to the B-estion o. ca-se, an, con.ess that they 5the 6isciples8 co-l, not other)ise have -n,erta3en this enterprise than &y a ,ivine po)er )hich e<cee,s that o. man, an, &y the assistance o. (im )ho sai, to them: 6Go and make disciples of all nations in m) name,6 @n, )hen he ha, sai, this to them, (e attache, to it the promise, &y )hich they sho-l, &e so enco-rage, as rea,ily to give themselves -p to the thin0s commanded. 1or he sai, to them Behold am *ith )ou al*a)s- e/en to the end of the *orld,6 H1/, 17 an, 10 can &e .o-n, #nline at: http://))).tert-llian.org/e-se&i-sLtheophaniaL00&oo37.htmI We no) give those passages o. the earlier &oo3s o. the Theophania in )hich "at #!,1 $ #0 is cite,. The .irst o. these is in %%%, /, in Lee's version p. 17 : 6C* *Who, o. those that ever e<iste,, is the mortal man, ... )ho &ore all this preeminence... an, co-l, e..ect so m-ch, that he sho-l, &e preache, thro-gho-t the )hole earthA an,, that his name sho-l, .ill the hearing an, tong-es o. e/er) people -pon the .ace o. the )hole earthA ?-t this no man has ,one e<cepting o-r Savio-r alone, )ho sai, to his ,isciples &y )or, an, .-l.ille, it &y ,ee,: *+o an, teach all peoples.* HThe +ree3 is given &elo) in Or. #0. %t a,,s n^ _l o aY\ )hich m-st here have stoo, in the original. (ere then )e catch the Syriac translator in the act o. gar&ling his te<t.I $ an, a.ter a little 5Lee p. 1008: $ p@n, )ho is that other 5person8 )ho, since the li.e o. man )as set -p, ever so-ght to constit-te a people after his name q a thing never yet hear, o. q an, this not in a corner or o&sc-rely in some part o. the earth, &-t in the *hole earth -n,er the s-nAr H#nline at: http://))).tert-llian.org/e-se&i-sLtheophaniaL0/&oo33.htmI 61* The ne<t passage is in %R, !, Lee p. ##3: *That at the o-tset he sai, that he )o-l, ma3e them .ishers o. men, an, in the en, openly a.ter his e<ample they sho-l, ma3e ,isciples o. all peoples, together )ith his pec-liar ai, 5or po)er8. 1rom the +ospel o. "atthe):$$ *@.ter his res-rrection .rom the ,ea,, all o. them together, as *as commanded them*ent to Galilee- as he tol, them. But *hen the) sa* him some of them *orshipt him- but others doubted, But he dre* near- 0a7ed on them and said- All po*er in hea/en and on earth is 0i/en to me of m) father, Go )e and make disciples of all peoples- and baptise them in the name of 4ather and Son and "ol) Ghost, And teach them to obser/e all that ha/e commanded )ou, And- behold- am *ith )ou al*a)s e/en to the end of the *orld,6 @n, a.ter a little p. ##7 he contin-es th-s:$$ p@n, on this acco-nt, he comman,e, his ,isciples, not .rom the .irst, &-t no), that the)

should 0o around and make disciples of all nations. ?-t o. necessity &e a,,e, the mystery o. cleansing. 1or it )as right, that those )ho sho-l, &e converte, .rom among the heathen, sho-l, &e cleanse, &y his po)er .rom all poll-tion an, -ncleannessN &eca-se they ha, &een ,e.ile, &y the error o. ,emons, an, ha, &een hol,en &y the )orship o. i,ols, an, &y -ncleanness o. all sorts &-t ha, no) .irst &een change, .rom that li.e o. a&omination an, la)less practices. These very persons then, ,i, he a,monish to teach, $$ a.ter this cleansing )hich is &y the mystery o. his ,octrine, $$ not, that they sho-l, o&serve the precepts o. the 4e)s, nor yet the la) o. "oses, &-t all those things )hich he comman,e, them to o&serve... (e necessarily there.ore stirre, them -p, an, ma,e them rea,ily to con.i,e, $ to -n,erta3e the circuit of all peoples and to make disciples of all races o. men, thro-gh the promise &y )hich he co-nsele, them, saying: ?ehol,, % mysel. am )ith yo-. 67* (istoria 2cclesiastica %%%, 7, #: epi ,e th to- 3hr-gmatoR ,i,as3alia thn eiR s-mpanta ta eBnh steilamenon poreian s-n ,-namei to- Cristo- JhsantoR a-toiR Po"e%Gente= maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo% H)ent -nto all nations to preach the +ospel, relying -pon the po)er o. Christ, )ho ha, sai, to them, *+o ye an, ma3e ,isciples o. all the nations in my name*.I 08* 5C198. :ratio ,e La-,i&-s Constantini 10, ! 5p. # / sB (8: TiR p)pote... toso-ton arethR aphneg3ato... )R pant)n t)n epi thR anBr)pon a3ohn 3ai gl)ttan emplhsai thR a-to- proshgoriaRN alla to-to ge o-,eiR h monoR eiR o hmeteroR s)thr meta thn 3ata to- Banato- ni3hn ,iepra<ato toiR a-to- gn)rimoiR logon eip)n 3ai erg) telesaR po"e%Gente= 3o%n maG&te%sate panta ta eGn& en t) onomati mo%, JhsaR a-toiR, proeip)n te 3ai apoJhnamenoR oR ara ,ei to e-aggelion a-to- 3hr-cBhnai en olh th oi3o-menh eiR mart-rian pasi toiR eBnesin, ama log) to-rgon ephgagen HWhatm has attaine, so great a height o. e<cellencem as to .ill the ears an, tong-es o. all man3in, )ith the praises o. his nameA S-rely none save o-r only Savio-r has ,one this, )hen, a.ter his victory over ,eath, he spo3e the )or, to his .ollo)ers, an, .-l.ille, it &y the event, saying to them, *+o ye, an, ma3e ,isciples o. all nations in my name.'' (e it )as )ho gave the ,istinct ass-rance, that his gospel m-st &e preache, in all the )orl, .or a testimony to all nations, an, imme,iately veri.ie, his )or,I H1 an, #0 can &e .o-n, :nline at: 5Loo3 insi,e that site .or the &oo3: OPO1#$018I 06* 00* %n the +ree3 controversial )or3s o. Hor pattri&-te, torI 2-se&i-s "at #!,1 is cite, .-lly t)ice, viM. in the Contra 2arcellum Anc)ranum, p. 3, CN an, .e (cclesiastica Theolo0ia 7, p. 19/, a. %n &oth passages )e have the textus receptus, an, the conte<t also implies it. 0D* %n a thir, passage, .e (ccles, Theol, 3, p. 17 ,, it is cite,, &-t only as .ar as the )or, n]^c. The a-thor H)hoever it )asI o. these treatises )hich )ere )ritten sometime a.ter 330, an, &e.ore 3/0, ha, the textus receptus &e.ore him, at least in the t)o passages. 0B* The only evi,ence )hich remains is that o. the letter, a,,resse, &y 2-se&i-s a.ter the co-ncil o. Oicea, to his ch-rch o. Caesarea. %n this at the en, o. his &aptismal cree,, a.ter the )or,s Xfd_[sYa[^ hbt [t` n^ X^[sab uifY^, is intro,-ce, a citation o. "t #!,1 in its -s-al .orm. This letter has only come ,o)n to -s thro-gh the me,i-m o. Socrates the historian 5%, !, 3! p.#38, )ho perhaps too3 it .rom the )or3 o. Sa&in-s. There is har,ly reason to s-spect an interpolation H&-t only .rom Sa&in-s to SocratesI. HOe<t, Cony&eare comments on the points #3 an, #/ an, gives the s-mmary th-s .ar in

#7I #3. The evi,ence o. these later )ritings o. 2-se&i-s emphasiMes &y contrast the .orm o. te<t preserve, in the rest o. his )or3s. (e seems to have .o-n, in the co,ices o. Caesarea the .ollo)ing .orm o. te<t: XYZ[\]n^_[` ab]c_[sdb_[ Xu^_b _u n]^c n^ _v w^wab_t aY\, jfjudhY^_[` bs_Ys` _cZ[x^ Xu^_b wdb n^[_[fkuac^ sax^. Go disciple )e all the nations in m) name- teachin0 them to obser/e all thin0s *hatsoe/er ha/e commanded )ou. %n passages ! an, , n^ _v w^wab_t aY\ has perhaps &een remove, a.ter n]^c &y a scri&e )ho resente, so -n-s-al a rea,ing HpPler-mB-e in co,ici&-s +raecis, -&i :rigenes, 2-se&-s, @pollinari-s in me,i-m a..er-nt-r a, marginem script-m o&serves, y[sjc, mentiris. %nci,i ego in centonem Col&ertinae &i&liothecae man-script-m, B-i a, sing-la :rigenis, 2-se&ii, @pollinarii, etc., loca, sing-larem hanc ca-tionem, minio e<aratam, in margine a..ert, o gYf, anathema ,Mi&i H,MoiI. W-amo&rem miror h-nc 2-se&ii commentari-m a, nos -sB-e ,evenisse.r ?ernar, ,e "ont.a-con, Preliminaria in 2-se&ii commentaria in lPsalmos.I ?oth passages occ-r at the very &eginning o. the treaties, an, so ca-ght the eye o. the cas-al rea,er. 1e) can ever have metho,ically per-se, so long an, learne, a )or3, an, there.ore the )or3 o. correction Hor %, the transcri&er, m-st say, pthe )or3 o. a,-lterationrI )ent no .-rther. %t is )orthy to notice that in the +ree3 .ragment o. the Theophany given in "igne P. +. vol. #/, col. 0# the conte<t involves that verse 1 as )ell as 1! sho-l, have &een cite,. Rerse 1! ho)ever stan,s alone. Rerse 1 m-st there.ore have &een le.t o-t &y a copyist. The passage .rom the Theophania ta3e ran3 as in,epen,ent evi,ence o. the te<t -se, &y 2-se&i-s, altho-gh they repeat passages o. his 6emonstratio 2vangelica an, 6e La-,i&-sN .or )here a )riter ,eli&erately incorporates entire sections o. an earlier )or3 in a later, he m-st &e hel, to en,orse the character o. the script-re citations )hich the earlier contains. #/. Or. 1! o. the a&ove testimonies &rea3s the harmony o. the other citations. The Syriac translator, o&lige, to ren,er so long a consec-tive passage o. the +ospels, has merely availe, himsel. o. his Syriac v-lgateN an, copie, o-t .rom it the entire .ive verses. Those .amiliar )ith @rmenian or Syriac versions 3no) ho) common )as this ,evice o. saving la&o-r. @t .irst sight the comment -pon this citation )hen it spea3s o. the *mystery o. cleansing*, seems to involve the presence o. ebX_tgY^_[` in the original +ree3N &-t the ,e.inition )hich imme,iately .ollo)s o. this cleansing, H)rittenI as &eing p&y the mystery o. his ,octriner, precl-,es the i,ea that the )riter ha, in vie) the cleansing &y the )ater o. &aptism, an, rather s-ggests the e<orcism at -se o. the name )hich prece,e, &aptism, an, )ere specially a *cleansing &y his po)er* .rom the poll-tion o. ,emons. #7. Th-s )e have Hat lestI some 19 attestations o. the rea,ing n^ _v w^wab_t aY\, to the e<cl-sion o. the )or,s ebX_tgY^_[` an, _Yz Xb_Zw` hb{ _Yz \tYz hb{ _Yz uitY\ X^[sab_Y`. We have also t)o passages viM. ! an, , .avora&le to it. :ne, viM. 1!, that is ,o-&t.-l. T)o at least that are ne-tral. @s a matter o. .act there are other ne-tral passages, )here the citation only e<ten,s as .ar as the )or,s _u n]^c, &-t they )here not )orth )hile collecting. @gainst this &o,y o. testimony )e have three passages in the )or3s o. Hor attri&-te, toI

2-se&i-s, in )hich the textus receptus o. "t #!, 1 is cite,N an, these all &elong to the last perio, o. his literary activity )hich .ell a.ter the co-ncil o. Oice. #0. H"ore thanI t)o )riters earlier Han, one contemporaneo-s, not B-ote, &y Cony&eare, )hich is @phrahat the Persian SageI than 2-se&i-s, she) a 3no)le,ge o. this shorter .orm o. te<tN an, neither o. them .ormally cite the passage, &-t rather echo it. The .irst is 4-stin "artyr in the 6ialog-e )ith Tryphon 5Trypho8 3 , p. #7!: :n o-n tropon ,ia to-R epta3iscilio-R e3eino-R thn orghn o-3 epeJere tote o WeoR, ton a-ton tropon 3ai n-n o-,ep) thn 3risin ephneg3en h epagei, gin)s3ei eti 3aB hmeran tinaR maBhte-meno-R eiR to onoma to- Cristo- a-to- 3ai apoleipontaR thn o,on thR planhR, oi 3ai lam&ano-si ,omata e3astoR )R a<ioi eisi, J)tiMomenoi ,ia to- onoma to- Sristo- to-to- HThere.ore, J-st as +o, ,i, not in.lict (is anger on acco-nt o. those seven tho-san, men, even so (e has no) neither yet in.licte, J-,gment, nor ,oes in.lict it, 3no)ing that ,aily some Ho. yo-I are !ecomin3 disciples in t&e name of -&"ist, an, B-itting the path o. errorN )ho are also receiving gi.ts, each as he is )orthy, ill-mine, t&"o%3& t&e name of t&is -&"istI %n another passage o. his 6ialog-e H)ith TryphoI, c. 73, p. #9# 6, 4-stin glances at "t #!, 1 5a.ter B-oting +en. / :118: Kai to 6esme-)nm 5+en. / :118m 3ai t)n eBn)n omoi)R, t)n mellont)n piste-ein a-t), pro,hl)siR hn. :-toi gar )R p)loR asaghR 3ai M-gon epi a-cena mh ec)n ton ea-to-, mecriR o CristoR o-toR elB)n ,ia t)n maBht)n a-to- pemyaR emaBhte-sen a-to-R H @n, that e<pressionm 5+en. / :118m an, also of t&at !elief in (im )&ic& t&e nations )o%ld "epose. 1or they )ere li3e an -nharnesse, .oal, )hich )as not &earing a yo3e on its nec3, until this -&"ist came, an, sent (is ,isciples to instr-ct themI (ere there is no con.irmation or reJection o. the )or,s nX{ _v w^wab_tN nevertheless the very occ-rrence o. the passage strengthens the s-rmise that 4-stin )as acB-ainte, )ith "t #!, 1 , an, really glance, at it in p. #7!. %n this latter place the )or,s pan, a&an,oning the path o. errorr in,icates that it )as the +entiles an, not the 4e)s that )ere ,aily &eing ma,e ,isciples into the name. The .irst o. the a&ove passages has &een recogniMe, &y ;esch in his Aussercanonische &arallelstellen as a citation o. "t #!, 1 N &-t he sets it ,o)n, along )ith three o. the passages a&ove a,,-ce, .rom 2-se&i-s, -n,er the hea, o. Abbre/iaturem, or a&ri,gements o. the or,inary te<t. 1rom s-ch an error a )i,er rea,ing o. 2-se&i-s )o-l, save, him. #9. The secon, passage is in the Pastor (ermae H(ermas, (ennasI an, is a less certain re.erence, Simil. %S, 19, /: panta ta eBnh ta -po gon o-ranon 3atoi3o-nta, a3o-santa 3ai piste-santa epi t) onomati e3lhBhsan Hto- -io-I to- Weo- la&onteR o-n thn sJragi,a mian Jronhsin escon 3ai ena no-n H*all the nations that d*ell under hea/en *ere called b) hearin0 and belie/in0 upon the name of the Son of God. (aving, there.ore, receive, the seal, they ha, one -n,erstan,ing an, one min,I The a&ove might almost as )ell &e ta3en to echo Lc #/, /9, altho-gh (arnac3 commenting on the )or,s Xu^_b _u n]^c, remar3s: p(aec vo< omnes e<pellit ,-&itationesN c.. "t #!, 1 .r %t is to &e remar3e, that Lc #/, /9 )ith its 3eynote: o bXY |[ZY\dbk}a, is sel,om a&sent .rom 2-se&i-sP min, )hen he B-otes "t #!, 1 N an, the L-can passage itsel. has the air o. &eing a remaniement Hcon.irmationI o. the 2-se&ian te<t o. "t #!, 1 . 1or L-3e has merely a,,e, the )or,s a[_u^Yfb^ [{`

o uabZ_fv^, an, s-&stit-te, hcZ\~]}^bfm [f` .or ab]c_[sdb_[. #!. The earliest )riter )ho cites "t #!, 1 in a .orm appro<imating to the te<t esta&lishe, in the man-script Htextus receptus as in Tischen,or.I o. the +ospels, is the +nostic Theo,ot-s, )hose literary activity cannot &e precisely ,ate,, &-t m-st have &een as early as 100. %t has &een conJect-re, that he -se, the +ospel accor,ing to the 2gyptians. @n e<cerpt 5 908 .rom his )ritings appen,e, to the eight &oo3 o. the Stromateis contains it 5Syl&. P. !98: Kai toiR apostoloiR entelletai periionteR 3hr-ssete 3ai to-R piste-ontaR &aptiMete eiR onoma patroR 3ai -io- 3ai agio- pne-matoR H@n, to the @postles he gives the comman,: +oing aro-n, preach ye an, &aptise those )ho &elieve in the name o. the 1ather an, Son an, (oly SpiritI. 6r. P. ". ?arnar, )ho has collecte, the O. T. citations o. Clement in a vol-me o. the Cam&ri,ge Te<ts an, St-,ies s-ggests, perhaps )itho-t goo, reason, that the HtrinitarianI )or,s in the a&ove )ere a,,e, &y Clement to the te<t o. Theo,ot-s. The -se o. the )or, X[Z\^_[` s-ggests that in the thir, o. o-r e<cerpts .rom 2-se&i-s on the psalms col. 073 the impossi&le rea,ing XY[Z\^_[` is a corr-ption o. X[Z\^_[`. @n, this conJect-re is con.irme, &y a neigh&oring passage in ps. col. /0 . %n ;-.in-sP version also o. :rigen in 1umeros (om. S%%, #, )e have the .ollo)ing given as comment on 1 Pet #, 0: p@postolim sec-n,-m praecept-m ,omini circumeuntes or&em terrae et implentes, B-o, man,at-m est, -t doceant ommes 0entes- bapti7antes in nomine patris et filii et Spiritus sancti etc.r (ere circumeuntes re.lects X[Z\^_[` in the original te<t. %t may )ell &e that this )or, )hich )ell .its in )ith the early &elie. in the X[ZtYjYf o. the @postles )as, i. not original, at the least an early variant .or XY[Z\^_[` in "t #!, 1 . The same rea,ing X[Z\^_[` is implie, in the citation Or. 1! o. 2-se&i-s &y the Commentary )hich accompanies it: phe comman,e, his ,isciples that the) should 0o around and make disciples of all nationsr, an, &elo): phe stirre, them -pm to -n,erta3e the circuit o. all peoples and to make disciples of all races o. menr. That, in the long e<tract )hich the Syriac translator ma3es .rom his v-lgate, no eB-ivalent to this phrase is to &e .o-n, is a,,itional proo. that that e<tract is not to &e relie, -pon as a .aith.-l ren,ering o. )hat stoo, in the te<t o. 2-se&i-s. # . The textus receptus o. "t #!, 1 is .o-n, in the Latin version o. %renae-s %%%, 19, %N in Tert-llian ,e ?aptismo, c. 13 an, 6e Praescriptione c. ! an, #0N in the fjb~} 56i,ache8 9, 1$/, )here ho)ever it is s-spect &eca-se o. the occ-rrence in , / o. the same ,oc-ment o. the phrase o. ebX_tg]n^_[` [{` w^Yab h\ZtY\N in the Clementine (omilies S%, #0, an, o.tener in the ;ecognitiones as translate, &y ;-.in-sN in (ippolyt-s Contra Ooet-mN in the @cta Thomae, there &alance, ho)ever &y a rival gnostic .orm-la. 30. Clement o. @le<an,ria never cites "t #!, 1 in his )or3s as preserve, to -s. %n the )or3s o. :rigen preserve, in +ree3, +ries&ach in his S)mbolae criticae notes three cases o. e<plicit citation o. "t #!, 1 N &-t in each case the citation stops short at _u n]^c, leaving -s in ,o-&t ho) his te<ts contin-e,, )hether in agreement )ith those o. 2-se&i-s or )ith the receive, te<t. @n in,irect re.erence to the te<t in the contra Cels-m %%, /#, 5%, 107, K.8 points, tho-gh not concl-sively, to the .ormer alternative. The passage is this: 3ai aei or)nteR plhro-mena ta eirhmena -p a-to-, prin genhtai, to 3hr-cBhnai to e-aggelion

en ol) t) 3osm), 3ai pore-BentaR a-to- to-R maBhtaR eiR panta ta eBnh ton logon a-to- 3athggel3enai H@n, )e, contin-ally seeing .-l.ille, all that )as pre,icte, &y (im &e.ore it happene,, viM., that this +ospel o. (is sho-l, &e preache, thro-gho-t the )hole )orl,, an, that (is ,isciples sho-l, go among all nations an, anno-nce (is ,octrineI. (ere the last .o-r )or,s ans)er to these: pTeaching them all things )hatsoever % have comman,e, yo-r. @n, it is signi.icant that :rigen gives no hint o. the important precept to &aptiMe in the tri-ne name )hich in o-r te<ts intervenes. 31. %. )e co-l, tr-st ;-.in-sP versions o. :rigenPs homilies, )e )o-l, have to a,mit that he -se, the te<t-s recept-s at "t #!, 1 an, even set store &y it. ?-t )e cannot tr-st them. @t the concl-sion o. his version o. the commentary on ;omans ;-.in-s &oasts that he ha, ta3en m-ch ptro-&le to .ill in )hat )as lac3ing in :rigenr, pla&orem a,implen,i B-ae ,eerantr .or this reason pne p-lsatae B-aestiones et relictae, B-o, in homiletico ,icen,i genere a& illo .ieri solet, latino lectori .asti,i-m generarentr. The learne, ?ene,ictine e,itor ,eplores in the .ollo)ing )or,s the Meal she)n &y ;-.in-s .or re)riting the a-thor he pro.esse, to translate: pSe, -tinam hoc la&ore a,implen,i B-ae ,eerant s-perse,issetQ 2< eJ-s enim licentia .act-m est, -t B-i legit has homilias, incert-s sit -tr-m legat :rigenem, an ;-.in-m.r The te<t "t #!, 1 comes thrice in ;-.in-sP version o. the Commentar in ;omanos, in R, # an, !N an, R%%%, /. The last t)o passages smac3 o. ;-.in-s rather than o. :rigen. Oo sane critic )o-l, -n,erta3e to say )here :rigen en,s an, ;-.in-s &egins. pRi< certo ,isting-i potest, -&i sol-s :rigenes loB-at-r, a-t -&i s-as merces o&tr-,at ;-.in-sr, says 6e la ;-e 5monit-m in 2<o,-m8. %n (om. Riii, / in 2<o,-m, as ren,ere, &y ;-.in-s comes the .o-rth re.erence to "t #!, 1 : pC-m ergo -enim-s a, gratiam &aptismi, -ni-ersis aliis ,iis et ,ominis ren-ntiantes, Sol-m con.item-r 6e-m Patrem et 1ili-m et Spirit-m Sanct-m. Se, hoc con.itentes, nisi toto cor,e ,iligam-s 6omin-m 6e-m nostr-mm non s-m-s e..ecti pars 6ominim et 6omin-m, a, B-em con.-gim-s, propiti-m non e..icim-s, B-em non e< toto et integro cor,e ,iligim-s.r Why is p6omin-mr alone mentione,, i. J-st &e.ore the trine .orm-la ha, stoo, in the original +ree3A The commentary a)a3es this s-spicion in -s. Th-s it is only in ;-.in-sP )or3 that the te<t "t #!, 1 occ-rsN in three cases em&e,,e, in comment )hich smac3s o. him rather than o. :rigen, )hile in the other t)o the trine .orm-la is in no )ay necessitate, &y the conte<t. 3#. %t is tr-e that :rigen attests the -se o. the trinitarian .orm-la Hnot mentioning itI o. &aptism, in his +ree3 commentary Hi. that comment )as ever original o. him, as that )or3 has &een ppreserve,r &y the catholic ch-rchI on 4ohn tom. R%, 19 5:rigen's Commentary :n The +ospel :. 4ohn: ?oo3 R%. 19. :. The Testimony :. 4ohn To 4es-s %n "atthe)'s +ospel8 in the )or,s -se, o. the person &aptiMe,: t) empareconti ea-ton th Beiothti thR ,-name)R t)n thR pros3-nhthR tria,oR epi3lhse)n Hto him )ho yiel,s himsel. to the ,ivine po)er o. the invocation o. the @,ora&le TrinityI. ?-t &eca-se the trine epiclesis )as -se, in his o o. ?aptism, it ,oes not .ollo) that the te<t "t #!, 1 )as in his copies o. the O. T. anymore than in those o. 2-se&i-s H.-rthermore, &e.ore an, a.ter that B-otation )e rea,: pmthe )on,er.-l )or3s ,one !y t&e Sa#io%" in the c-res (e )ro-ghtm a"e sym!olical of t&ose )&o at any time a"e set f"ee &y the )or, o. +o,... the Spirit no) comes in a,,ition since it comes .rom +o, an, is o/er and abo/e the *ater and does not come to all after the *atermr, so the isolate, statement o.

the pa,ora&le trinityr in that &oo3s smac3s o. another pro$Oicene interpolationIN an, the same ca-tion m-st &e -se, in regar, to the re.erences ma,e &y %renae-s Hi. )ritten &y himI an, H&yI 4-stin to the -se o. a trine .orm-la in ?aptism 5see o-r note at the en, T8. 33. Cyprian o. Carthage Hcalle, psaintr &y the catholic ch-rchI -se, the te<t: p?aptising them in the name o. 1ather, Son an, (oly Spiritr, as a p&attle$cryr in his stri.e )ith Pope Stephen: pW-omo,o ergo B-i,am ,ic-nt, .oris e<tra ecclesiam, immo et contra ecclesiam, modo in nomine Christi,r -&ic-nB-e et B-omo,oc-nB-e gentilem &aptiMat-m remissionem peccator-m conseB-i posse, B-an,o ipse Christ-s gentes &aptiMari i-&eat in plena et a,-nata trinitateA 52pist. 93 a, %-&aian-m8. @n, J-st &e.ore in the same letter: p%nsin-at trinitatem, c-i-s sacramento gentes &aptiMarent-r.r The o..icial ch-rch o. ;ome ho)ever ignore, his arg-ments, an, a,opte, the position that &aptism in the name o. Christ alone )as B-ite vali,. @s the canon o. the Syno, o. Oemo-rs 51#!/8 e<presses it: p6icim-s, in.antem &aptiMat-m esse, si &aptiMans ,icit: ?aptiMo te in nomine Christir. %t in some meas-re e<plains this ,ecision o. the Popes that the te<t o. "t #!, 1 )as not yet a-thoritatively .i<e, &y the ch-rch. That the Pne-matomachi o. the .o-rth cent-ry retaine, the 2-se&ian rea,ing can &e in.erre, .rom the arg-ments -se, &y an, against them. 3/. %n his ,isco-rse: p,e comm-nione s-& -traB-e speciesr a,,resse, @. 6. 1/33 to the Co-ncil o. ?le 5"ansi concilia SSS%SN col. !7!8, 4ohn o. ;ag-sa -se, these )or,s: p6omin-s noster 4es-s Christ-s ascen,ens in coel-m praecepit apostolis ,icens, %te ,ocete q Spirit-s Sancti, in B-i&-s ver&is ,e,it eis et limitavit .ormam &aptismi et in persona eor-m toti ecclesiae. 2t tamen non post long-m temp-s ipsi apostoli et ecclesia ,imitten,o ,ictam .ormam, in nomine &atris etc. tra,itam per 6omin-m &aptiMa&ant tant-m in nomine Christi ,icentes: Te &aptiMo in nomine 6omini 4es- Christir HThomas @B-inas propo-n,s the same HillI arg-ment Han, he is consi,ere, psaintr an, p,octor o. the catholic ch-rchrI %%%, . 00, a. &., a,. %. 4ohn )rites 5l. c. col. !038: pSi enim imm-taver-nt @postoli .ormam &aptismi, B-ae ,at essentiam sacramento, taliter -t si B-is n-nc in illa .orma, B-a ipsi apostoli, &aptiMaret, non esset &aptism-s, B-anti magis potest ecclesia m-tare vel tollere -nam speciemmrI H@B-inas, Thomas, sometimes calle, the @ngelic 6octor an, the Prince o. Scholastics 51##7$9/8. (e st-,ie, -n,er the +erman Scholastic philosopher @l&ert-s "agn-s, .ollo)ing him to Cologne in 1#/!. ?eca-se @B-inas )as heavyset an, tacit-rn, his .ello) novices calle, him 6-m& :<, &-t @l&ert-s "agn-s is sai, to have pre,icte, that pthis o< )ill one ,ay .ill the )orl, )ith his &ello)ingr. 2arly in the 13th cent-ry the maJor )or3s o. @ristotle )ere ma,e availa&le in a Latin translation, accompanie, &y the commentaries o. @verros an, other %slamic scholars. The vigor, clarity, an, a-thority o. @ristotle's teachings restore, con.i,ence in empirical 3no)le,ge an, gave rise to a school o. philosophers 3no)n as @verroists. Un,er the lea,ership o. Siger ,e ?ra&ant, the @verroists asserte, that philosophy )as in,epen,ent o. revelation.@verroism threatene, the integrity an, s-premacy o. ;oman Catholic ,octrine an, .ille, ortho,o< thin3ers )ith alarm. To ignore @ristotle, as interprete, &y the @verroists, )as impossi&leN to con,emn his teachings )as ine..ect-al. (e ha, to &e rec3one, )ith. @l&ert-s "agn-s an, other scholars ha, attempte, to ,eal )ith @verroism, &-t )ith little s-ccess. @B-inas s-ccee,e, &rilliantly. ;econciling the @-g-stinian emphasis -pon the h-man spirit-al principle )ith the @verroist claim o. a-tonomy .or 3no)le,ge ,erive, .rom the senses, @B-inas insiste,

that the tr-ths o. .aith an, those o. sense e<perience, as presente, &y @ristotle, are .-lly compati&le an, complementary. Some tr-ths, s-ch as that o. the mystery o. the incarnation, can &e 3no)n only thro-gh revelation, an, others, s-ch as that o. the composition o. material things, only thro-gh e<perienceN still others, s-ch as that o. the e<istence o. +o,, are 3no)n thro-gh &oth eB-ally. @ll 3no)le,ge, @B-inas hel,, originates in sensation, &-t sense ,ata can &e ma,e intelligi&le only &y the action o. the intellect, )hich elevates tho-ght to)ar, the apprehension o. s-ch immaterial realities as the h-man so-l, the angels, an, +o,. To reach -n,erstan,ing o. the highest tr-ths, those )ith )hich religion is concerne,, the ai, o. revelation is nee,e,. @B-inas .irst s-ggeste, his mat-re position in the treatise .e <nitate ntellectus Contra A/erroistas 51#90N trans. The Trinit) and the <nicit) of the ntellect, 1 /08. This )or3 t-rne, the ti,e against his opponents, )ho )ere con,emne, &y the ch-rch. @B-inas )as canoniMe, &y Pope 4ohn SS%% in 13#3 an, proclaime, a 6octor o. the Ch-rch &y Pope Pi-s R in 1709. "ore s-ccess.-lly than any other theologian or philosopher, @B-inas organiMe, the 3no)le,ge o. his time in the service o. his .aith. %n his e..ort to reconcile .aith )ith intellect, he create, a philosophical synthesis o. the )or3s an, teachings o. @ristotle an, other classic sagesN o. @-g-stine an, other ch-rch .athersN o. @verros, @vicenna, an, other %slamic scholarsN o. 4e)ish thin3ers s-ch as "aimoni,es an, Solomon &en Deh-,a i&n +a&irolN an, o. his pre,ecessors in the Scholastic tra,ition. This synthesis he &ro-ght into line )ith the ?i&le an, ;oman Catholic ,octrine. (is t)o most important )or3s are Summa Contra Gentiles 51#01$0/N trans. #n the Truth of the Catholic 4aith, 1 708, a closely reasone, treatise inten,e, to pers-a,e intellect-al "-slims o. the tr-th o. ChristianityN an, Summa Theolo0ica 5Summar) Treatise of Theolo0), 1#07$938, in three parts 5on +o,, the moral li.e o. man, an, Christ8, o. )hich the last )as le.t -n.inishe,. S-mma Theologica has &een rep-&lishe, .reB-ently in Latin an, vernac-lar e,itions 5*@B-inas, Saint Thomas,* 1 /, 2icrosoft (ncarta8I 4ohn o. ;ag-sa procee,e, to in.er that, as the @postles ,eviate, .rom their masterPs precepts in regar, to &aptism, so the ch-rch ha, a right to set them asi,e as regar,s the 2-charist, &y )ithhol,ing the c-p .rom the laity. % ,o not 3no) i. any )ill p-rs-e his hypothesis a little .-rther an, arg-e that the apostles, )hen they pset asi,e the p.ormam tra,itam per 6omin-mr, also intro,-ce, the 2-se&ian .orm o. te<t at "t #!, 1 r. 37. @ ,i..erent e<planation o. the ,issonance &et)een "t #!, 1 an, other &aptismal .orm-las .o-n, in the Oe) Testament has &een &reache, &y certain scholars, )hose concl-sions, lest % sho-l, appear to ignore previo-s )or3ers in this .iel,, % vent-re in concl-sion to re.er to, altho-gh, &eing &ase, on no te<t-al research, they h-ng entirely in the air an, )ere merely happy g-esses Hs-ch o. that g-esses ne<tI. Canon @rmitage ;o&inson inclines to the vie) 5@rt. ?aptism in 2ncyclopae,ia ?i&lica8 that "atthe) p,oes not here report the ipsissima /erba o. 4es-s, &-t trans.ers to him the .amiliar lang-age o. the ch-rch o. the 2vangelistPs o)n time an, localityr. The +erman scholar Teller in 2<c.# o. his e,ition o. ?-rnet: 6e 1i,e et o..iciis christianor-m, (alae, 19!0, p. #0#, ,isp-te, the gen-ineness o. the te<t. So ,i, 2vanson, vicar o. Te)3es&-ry in his letter to (-r, ?p o. Worcester, #n, 2,. Lon,on 19 #. (arnac3 remar3s 56ogmengeschichte %, 0!8: p6ass 4es-s ,ie Ta-.e eingesetMt ha&e, lsst sich nicht ,irect er)eisenN ,enn "t #!, 1 ist 3ein (errn)ort.r "artinea- in his pSeat o. @-thorityr ?3. %R, ch. %R, p. 717 )rites th-s: pThe very acco-nt

)hich tells -s that at last, a.ter his res-rrection, he commissione, his apostles to go an, &aptiMe among all nations, &etraye, itsel. &y spea3ing in the trinitarian lang-age o. the ne<t cent-ry, an, compels -s to see in it the ecclesiastical e,itor, an, not the evangelist, m-ch less the .o-n,er himsel..r Socin-s 5opera %renopoli 1070 vol. %, 91# an, %%, /3!8 accepte, the -s-al te<t as gen-ine, &-t so-ght to e<plain a)ay its o&vio-s meaning &y means o. tort-o-s an, special plea,ing. 4. (. Scholten in his )or3: 6ie Ta-..ormel 5>&ersetMt von "a< +-&al3e, +otha, 1!!78 )rote: p6ie gegenseitige Rergleich-ng ,er Te<te -nserer ,rei ersten 2vangelien -n, ,ie 3ritische Unters-ch-ng >&er ihr @lter .>hren somit M- ,em Schl-sse, ,ass ,em ?ericht >&er ,ie 2insetM-ng ,er Ta-.e ,-rch 4es-s in ,em nach "atth-s &enannten 3anonischen 2vangeli-m ein relativ spates 6at-m M-er3annt )er,en m-ss.r (. (oltMmann in an article on ?aptism in the O. T. in the =eitschri.t .. )issenscha.tliche Theol. 1!9 , p. /01, arrives at a similar concl-sion. 30. The .ollo)ing B-estions there.ore nee, to &e ,isc-sse,. 1. %s the 2-se&ian an, 4-stin's rea,ing o. "t #!:1 the originalA Hmy ans)er is yesI #. %. so, )as not the textus receptus pro,-ce, a&o-t 130$1/0A 3. Was it not ,-e to a reaction on the te<t o. "atthe) o. lit-rgical, an,, specially, o. &aptismal -sageA /. 6i, it not arise, li3e the te<t o. the three )itnesses Hthe Comma Johanneum, the a,-lteration also intro,-ce, &y catholic han,s in 1 4ohn 7:9,!I, in the @.rican ol, Latin te<ts .irst o. all, thence creep in to the +ree3 te<ts at ;ome, an, .inally esta&lish itsel. in the 2ast ,-ring the Oicene epoch, in time to .ig-re in all s-rviving +ree3 co,icesA