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While there are two generic types of membranes, five different setups have been studied in an effort to increase the efficiency of the entire liquid membrane operation.
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Bulk Liquid Membranes Emulsion Liquid Membranes Thin Sheet Supported Liquid Membranes Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membranes Two Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membranes Others
So, why go with the ELM? If you have a system where there is significant proton ionizable carrier activity on the surface of the membrane, than the ILMs (or SLMs) might have large problems with that, depending on exactly what is occuring. For an ELM, that problem is relatively unimportant, since an emulsion is already present.
integrity 2. Hollow Fiber System must be cleaned between uses or there will be aqueous and contaminant buildup 3. Pore Fouling, a cousin to caking in filters, often occurs due to surface effects and particles in the system. 4. High Capital Costs
through another, with a stirred membrane phase in contact with both. So the question remains ... Why should you use the TMHFSLM system? 1. 2. 3. 4. Solvents with lower hydrophobicities required Replacement of solvent and carrier is simple Relatively High Transport Rate Leakage and contamination are easily contained
phase 2. Creation of a boundary layer slows system down as compared to either ELM or HFSLM 3. Fouling a problem 4. High Capital Costs
This is pretty much a catch-all. All of these other designs lay primarily in the ILM/SLM portion of the membranes, since you can only form emulsions in one or two ways, but you can fill a micropore in just about any configuration. So, what other kinds are there? In fact, there's probably lots of them, but the only other one that has reached any kind of use is the spiral wound membrane, and that is the one I'm going speak of. The spiral wound membrane is essentially a flat membrane sandwich, wrapped around a perforated tube, through which the effluent streams out of the membrane. As you can see in Figure 7, that sandwich is actually four layers; a membrane, a feed channel, another membrane, and a permeate channel, which forces all the separated material towards that perforated tube in the center. This type of membrane is a sort of intermediate step between the generic flat, laboratory membrane and the hollow fiber membrane, at least in terms of surface area per unit volume and stability.