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RESEARCH MEMORANDUM
AERODYNAMIC JXARACTERISTICS AT HIGH AND LOW SUBSONICMACH NUMBERS OF TEiE NACA 0012, 642-015, AND 643-018 AIRFOIL

SECTIONS AT ANGLES OF ATTACK FROM -20 'IW 300 By Chris C. Critzos Laboratory Va. r/" 1"=,_ , _..----

Langley Aeronautical Langley Field,

Restriction/Classification Cancelled

;,.&L* , .&J d? ;t..F. ,~ /.Li. -Lx c u ii&&L. L.&;, ;: i/lLL,-wu/, &2 _ & .;y. &.<, {/ I f e - 31

NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS

WASHINGTON

.., /I,. .

NACA RM L54H?6a

NATIONAL ADYISORY COMMITTEEFOR AERONAUTICS RESEARCHMEMORANDUM

AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AT HIGH AND LOW SUBSONICMACH NUMBERS OF THE NACA 0012, 64,-015, AND 643-018 AIRFOIL -.<.-. _ SECTIONS AT ANGLES OF ATTACK FROM -2' TO 30' By Chris C. Critzos

SUMMARY An investigation has been made in the Langley low-turbulence prestunnel of the aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA 0012, 64,-015, 643-018 airfoil sections. Data were obtained at Mach numbers from to that for tunnel choke, at angles of attack from -2' to 30, and the surface. of each airfoil smooth-and with roughness applied at

sure and 0.3 with

the leading edge. The Reynolds numbers of the tests ranged from 0.8 x 106 of lift, drag, and to 4.4 x 10% The results are presented as variations quarter-chord pitching-moment coefficients with Mach number. INTRODUCTION The trend of present helicopter designs toward higher forward speeds and higher rotor-blade speeds has resulted in a need for two-dimensional airfoil data throughout wide subsonic Mach number and angle-of-attack In order to supply thj.s need, a number of NACA airfoil sections, ranges. which might be used for helicopter rotors, have been investigated in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel. The results obtained with four of these sections are reported in reference 1. The results obtained with three additional sections, consisting of the NACA 0012, 642-015, and 64 3 -018 airfoil sections, are presented herein. The aerodynamic characteristics of the three airfoil sections were obtained at Mach numbers from 0.3 to that for tunnel choke, at angles of attack from -2' to 30, and with the surface of each airfoil smooth and with roughness applied at the leading edge. The results are presented as variations of lift, drag, and quarter-chord pitching-moment coefficients with Mach number. In order to expedite publication of these basic data,

2
..: . . . . . . . . .:

NACA RM L54HO6a

l .

. . . .

the preparation of charts having quantities other than the Mach number as the independent variable has been deferred, as has any discussion of the results. SYMBOLS
C

airfoil section section section

chord drag coefficient lift coefficient pitching-moment coefficient

Cd

?L
x/4 M R
a

quarter-chord

free-stream

Mach number chord

Reynolds number based on airfoil section angle of attack

APPARATUS, TESTS, AND METHOIX The present investigation was conducted in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel with Freon-12 as the test medium. The investigation consisted of measurements of the lift, drag, and quarter-chord pitching moment of three two-dimensional airfoils at Mach numbers from 0.3 to that for tunnel choke and at angles of attack from -2' to 30'. The two-dimensional models consisted of the NACA 0012, 642-015, and 6h3-018 airfoil sections, the coordinates for which are presented in table I. The models were machined from solid aluminum alloy. Data were obtained with the airfoil surfaces smooth and with roughness applied at the leading edge. For the tests with the model surfaces smooth, the surfaces were polished to a high degree of smoothness at the time of model installation in the tunnel. The drag coefficients measured, however, probably do not correspond to extensive regions of lsminar flow since use of Freon-12 as a test medium makes unfeasible the almost continuous attention to model surface condition which is required in order to maintain extensive laminar layers. For the tests with roughness applied at the leading edge, the roughness consisted of O.Oll-inch-diameter Carborundum grains spread over a surface length of 8 percent of the chord back from the leading edge on the upper and lower surfaces. The grains were thinly spread to cover from 5 percent to 10 percent of this area.

NACA R M L54H06a The Reynolds numbers in the present tests ranged from 0.8 x lo6 to 4.4 x 106. The variation of Reynolds number with Mach number is shown in figure 1 for both low (-2O to 14') and high (11' to 30') angles of attack. The difference in Reynolds numbers for the two angle-of-attack ranges resulted from the higher stagnation pressures used in the tests at the low angles of attack. Additional reference 1. information on the testing technique is contained in

1. . . b.. 1 1

I.. 8..

RESULTS The variations of lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and quarterchord pitching-moment coefficient with Mach number are presented in figures 2 to 4 for the three airfoil sections of the present investigation. As discussed in reference 1, corrections to the data have been applied for tunnel-wall effects and for converting the data (which were obtained The variawith Freon-12 as the test medium) to equivalent air results. tions of the aerodynam ic characteristics with Mach number (figs. 2 to 4) for some angles of attack Qere obtained from cross plots and are presented as lines without data point symbols. Based on the capability drag forces and the pitching for various test conditions of the balance used to measure the lift and moment, the accuracies of the measurements are indicated in the following table: of measurements 1 ca, +0.0030 k.0006 k.0004 1 cq'4 *0.003 *.001 +.od1

Accuracies / (appE0x.J 0.30 067 .85 / "

*0.013 k.003 +.002

As can be seen, the accuracy in the measurement of drag is rather poor at low Mach numbers; however, at higher Mach numbers, in the region of the force break, the accuracy of the drag measurements is within acceptAs in reference 1, the highest Mach numbers for which data able lim its. are presented correspond to tunnel-choked conditions. The highest Mach number for which the data may be considered reliable is open to some

a-

= Y

NACA R&i L54H06a

.. ) . .D . 1=' ! g l go. '..: ,:.E. ~-. . . . .... -..:

question. A Mach number 0.03 less than that for choke, at low and moderate angles of attack, has often been considered as a rough upper limit beyond which little confidence should be placed in the results. Results at high angles of attack are involved with unknown corrections which are still under study. Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Langley Field, Va., July 23, 1934.

--4Mu Approved:

/,&ix&J/c .4Lzij&, Chris C. Critzos Mechanical Engineer I

Eugene C. Drsley eChief of Full Scale Research Division epr

REFERENCE 1. Wilson, Homer B., Jr., and Horton, Elmer A.: Aerodynamic Characteristics at High and Low Subsonic Mach Numbers of Four NACA 6-Series Airfoil Sections at Angles of Attack From -2' to 31'. NACA RM L5X20, 1953.

NACARM L54H06a

TABLE I COORDINATES OF NACA AIRFOIL (Dimensions Chordwise S.tation

0

SECTIONS TESTED chord)

3

given

in percent mer surfact 642-015

0

Upper and -. 0012 0

Iwe

ordinates 643.018

.75 1.25 2.5 5.0 1zm5 15 5; 3; z

5;

l5

m-m

1.894 2.615 3.555

1.208 1. 6 % ii:5228 z .240

45.78;

0504

w-w

4;
60
65 Y is 8; 90

5.803 w-w 5 0294

W-M

J-9 z ;*$
645

6:480

7.

7122 t to% :620 l. .895 4.113 3.296 2.472 1.677

0

4.543
m-w

3.664
m-m

2.623 we1. 48
_-..--

1%

.126 - ..-

07

:; z ii

1.951 1.101

o.400
2.208

J. .E. rad. 1.580 1.590 e.-.-.___ ..". .~ .-_. .--. _ .__. -.__ ..-~F-_I

4.8

x 106 1
1 ._-I 1 1. 1
range

4*4

]
.-----. *.; i, i1 I/ i

4.0
3.6-

i I

e.-. I I I I I I I I

.angle-of-attack

3.2

~~ -. II
.I I I

2.8

lx ~ 2.41 I 1~
(D 2.0 Fi R 2 1.6

li I .f/ i:,

1.2

.8

r r r r r

I 1 1 High-angle-ofLatt&3k

rang&

-4

.2

;_
Variation

F
;4

l5
Mach number,

-6 M

97

.8

-9

Figure

l.-

of Reynolds number with Mach number for of-attack ranges.

two angle-

Unflagged symbols and lines denote smooth condition Flagged symbols and lines denote leading-edge roughness -------m, degrl.4 30 D 1.2 i 1.0 1.2 28 1.0 1.2 26 A 1.0 R = 0.8 R = 1.6 x 106 to x 106 to 2.2 4.4 x 106 x lo6

I
0 . * B .rl 0 ..-I 2 : 0 2 .d A

.8
.6

1.2
1.0 I P .8 .6

.
Yd-4 - 44.L

i
# i?

r( I
I

.8 1.0

II

ci- 24

d 9

:.

5 .r(

.8
.6 .6 .4

.,8 %

1 i i ' !. k, 16

.8 .6 .8 .6

.e
L4 .6 .8

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7 M

I, f 'I .. ,:

Mach number,

Mach number,

(a) Section Figure

lift

coefficient.

2.- Aerodynamic.characteristics at various angles of at&ack obtained with l.O-foot chord NACA 0012 airfoil section.

I- :'

Unflagged symbols and lines denote smooth Flagged symbols and lines denote leading-y

edition e roughness I

ret

,a r 2 a d .rl r: $ 0 ho E a g .rl :: 2

f ..-I 0 .rl

.n

..3

k3

z iz o

[.3

1 .i

ho :: 1 .2 a

rv-

1 A 0 10 1 0 0 10 1 0 0 .05.04 -I.03 .02-

---7

I; .! 1 r. p d g i,, I ,s

2
q

-z--l___---

d---_ 0 1.-.-rT.. I

$-

.5

.6

. M

.5

.6

.7 M

.0

.9

Mach number,

Mach number,

(b) Section Figure

drag coefficient. 2.Continued.

0 0 9

.l I
0 0
-.l -+---w--e r IJ-1 -; _---lq.l-&ae&^--4y--4Qq~

Plqged

'JnflP~gsd symbdls and liner denote smoth condition symbols and lima denote lsadlng-adga roughne,a.
R = 0.8 x 106 to 2.2

---------R i 0
I

= 1.6 x
/

106 to 4.4

rv 0L,l
I 11, --+) i / -i k 2-

L-.l

rll/
"? 'v,

I
p,

:
p':.---fhd -j_ /

.1

qI : 4

6 1 14 O r-*F<Ta 2 ~ ,,,I -I,~ 4 L it*

0 :: -1 I / ;tl ; /

,,I

r o- rl, +-z~-c- --., ~--,-I -r\ p

\ -_ \ h7

2 :

::

C - ON . r
-.l

y;n;

-.l

.L

.l

,
r
-.2

I r--7-

-->

I
12

.~

.1 ..3

.2

.3

04

.5 Mach

.6

.T

.8

:9

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

Ir

number,Y

Ynch number', Y

(c) Section

quarter-chord Figure 2.-

pitching-moment Concluded.

coefficient.

.--, IFj 3 I If $4 @ $ d,F $4 4;.

l &m i I b 1;. i.0 * I $ {: ,j : 1 !I ) b

Unflagged symbols denote smooth condition Flagged symbols denote leading-edge roughness R = 0.8 x 106 to 1.e x 106

------_

_ R = 1.5 x lo6 to 4.0 x lo6

r7 9 1 01.0 1.15

cl [ 1.2 1.0 -1.2 a 1.0 _ .8 rl.2

0 I c, 5 ..-A 0 .rl 2 i? 0

iJ

1.0 .8

.8 1.2 .6 b 1.0 .8 .6

Mach number,

Mach number,

(a) Section Figure

lift

coefficient. obtained

3.- Aerodynamic characteristics at various angles of attack with l.O-foot chord NACA 64,-013 airfoil section.

. I . ;:.. i. B 0 Sk. . . b.m* 1;:

Unflagged symbols denote smooth condition Flagged symbol .s denote leading-edge roughness R = 0.8 R = 1.5 .8 1 .7 .6 x 106 to 1.8 x 106 x 106 to 4.0 x 106

-. -

.6 .7 .6 .5 .6

.08 .07 a .06 2 d al .d 0 2 Ei .05 .04 .04 - .03

D

f ) -

oa I 2 m ..-I 0 .d 2 fz 2 -2

SO3 .03
V

* .c r

Fi .rl -s 2

,02 ia .02 .Ol .02 0 1.02 1.Ql

= .z 3

1
q

.Ol

T + .5

.6 .7 Mach number, M

.8

.9

.6 Mach number,

.7 M

.0

.9

(b) Section Figure

drag coefficient. 3.- Continued.

. .

0 .

I , . , >.r*.r*

,Unfla&wJ symbols denote smooth condition Flagged symbols denote leading-adie rough ess R = 0.a x 106 to 1.8 x 10 2 = 1.5 x 106 to 4.0 x 106 ----------R 0

/
, _i -_$o,, .i \ / 4, ,I

dog
!

P [ -.l

-.l 1
3 .c T: z 3 2 8 ? 9 c :!
a D e 2 :

_--_-

---.-

, l-2

r-.1 Q z" -1 0 A [ -.l / . . /i 1 0 A -.2

!
-.l n -.l D [ -.2

-,2

ri 2
2 :: g F.1

1 !!I
0 v
0

i.

I 0 21 I 2 B -.2 :
i r-.1

1 -.2

P 2 &

-.l

0 v -4

*2 n I 1 -.2 9 P 0
2
3

-.l
0

f : g

! -.2
r-.2 0
I-,

1
-.2 .2

:: $

,,,,,,,,I

-.z 02.

.3

.4

.5 Mach mmber,

.6 Y

.-I

.9

l3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.a

.y

Mach number, Y

(c) Section

quarter-chord.pitching-moment FQure 3.- Concluded.

coefficient.

II.
(Jnflagged symbols denote smooth condition Flamed symbols denote leading-edge roughness _----__--_ R = 0.8 R = 1.6 x lo6 to x IO6 to 2.6 4.0 x lo6 x JO6

=. = .. .. ..

.6

P
.2

!D 0" . .l=J l;O-f 3-

.rl .Q : r/l

c ;= 5

.6
.4 .6 .4 .2

F r

i .2

d i 0 .2 .4 0

i -. -.4 0 0 2

I
.2
q 0

-.2

1 P 1
.8

i i
\, --

.6 -. .2 .3 .6 .4 .5 Mach number, .7 M ,0 .9

.2

.3

.4 .5 .6 Mach number,

i7 M

.a

.9

(a) Section Figure 4.-

lift

coefficient. obtained

Aerodynamic characteristics at various angles of attack with l.O-foot chord NACA 643-018 airfoil section.

Unflagged symbols denote ! ?a 100th condition Flagged symbols denote 1.ead .ing-edge roughness

-----R------

R = 0.8 x 106 to 2.6 = 1.6 x 106 to 4.0

x 106 x 106

.0; 7 .0t 5 .Ot:i 3 .OLL .02 I de

Ii? -0: I-2 > I.0; .0: 1

D g .,-I I% ::

.Oi >
V
I

I
A

.Ol 1 .Oi >

.O! 1 . .0: , 0 .Ol l(

.02
q

.Ol > .OS L 00 .O! 1 1 (1 .2

L-

.3

.4

.5 .6 .7 Mach number, M

.8

.9

.2

.3

.4

.5 .6 Mach number,

.7 M

.8

.9

(b) Section Figure

drag coefficient. 4.Continued.

.l

Unflagged symbols denote smooth condition Flagged symbols denote leading-edge roughness R = 0.8 x 1~6 to 2.6 x 106 ------0

.l C 1 0

I
-.I 0 0 2. f 2 2 2
/ I /

R = 1.6 x 106 to

4.0 x 106

I I I I I i

: -.l

-.l A [ -.2

I
-.l -.2 1 -.l D

A ! -.l 0 [ -.l 0 V 1

0 L-J
D

J I _I_i J ia/ 1 I,,;, :/ 8 I ly- T -t --. I j-y I>&Y, I I

I I I 1 ! I I -j---w j 4

Ll _---- i ---7I
I I /

1
~

; II k-k I , I /., ~ !-_ ,... -*

I ( I;i

I. Ild

I 6
~~

i? s "s P z r: :: 4 a a g .c ': k !J .P 3 3 +l ." m -.l rl I -' 2

L-;2
j--.1 D

C.&l&

1 Ll/~,,~ !I i \ i i
I I I I I : HQf--

~
22

[ -.I
a 0 V 1 ! -.I

_,r_lj-=z~._

1 +. .
T

A / Pxl

-. 1 D ; -. 2

L-.?

10

-. 1 Icl -.a

L-.l
P -.l

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

*7

.0

.g

1
-.2 0
L

-.?I
_

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.a

.9

Yach number, Y

Maoh number. It

(c) Section

quarter-chord Figure

pitching-moment 4.Concluded.

coefficient.