MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. Choose the one alternative that best completes the tatement or answers the !estion.

". #Islam$ means A) dedication to Allah. B) victory. C) submission. D) peace. E) love. %. &e'o!ins were A) non-Arab converts to Islam. B) Arab camel nomads. C) the clan of uhammad. D) landholders durin! the Abbasid Empire. E) subsistence farmers. (. )hat was the basic social *ro!p o+ the be'o!ins, A) "ar!e tribal confederations B) #untin!-and-!atherin! bands C) $mall matriarchal tribes D) %uclear households E) &in-related clan !roups -. Sha./hs were A) leaders of bedouin clans. B) non-Arab converts to Islam. C) administrative heads of the Abbasid !overnment. D) supporters of Ali. E) opposed to uhammad. 0. )hat clan was responsible +or the +o!n'ation o+ Mecca, A) 'mayyad B) Abbasid C) A!hlabid D) (atimid E) 'n)no*n bedouin !roups 1. Unli/e the Uma..a' Empire2 the 3bbasi' Empire A) practiced absolutism. B) admitted the a*ali as full members of the Islamic community. C) freed all slaves. D) persecuted the $hi+a. E) imposed austerity on the caliph. 4. )ho r!le' Me'ina prior to M!hamma'5s +li*ht there,

A) $everal ,e*ish and bedouin clans B) -he Abbasids C) -he 'mayyads D) -he $assanids E) -he (atimids 6. The Islamic !mma was A) the name !iven to the pil!rima!e to *orship at the &a+ba. B) the holy boo) in *hich uhammad+s revelations *ere recorded. C) the principle of succession follo*in! the death of uhammad. D) the name !iven to uhammad+s fli!ht from ecca to edina. E) the concept of community of the faithful that transcended clan boundaries. 7. The theolo*ical an' political +action that s!pporte' the Uma..a' concept o+ s!ccession within Islam were the A) $unni. B) $hi+a. C) &hari.. D) (atimids. E) Abbasids. "8. )hat was the nat!re o+ relationship o+ people within the Uma..a' Empire, A) All converts to Islam/ re!ardless of their ethnic ori!ins/ *ere full citi0ens and members of the elite. B) 1nly uslim Arabs *ere first-class citi0ens of this !reat empire. C) -he 'mayyads reco!ni0ed all residents of their empire/ *hether uslims or peoples of the boo)/ as full citi0ens. D) Arabs rapidly lost their dominance in the 'mayyad Empire to the native residents of 2ersia. E) All people *ho demonstrated loyalty to the empire could apply for citi0enship. SHO9T 3NS)E9. )rite the wor' or phrase that best completes the statement or answers the !estion. 3. -he 4444444444 *ere tribal and clan leaders *ithin bedouin society. 5. -he site of the &a+ba and ori!inal home of uhammad/ 4444444444/ *as located in the mountainous re!ion alon! the 6ed $ea on the Arabian 2eninsula. 7. -he clan *ithin the 8uraysh that controlled the political and commercial life of ecca *as the 4444444444.

9. -he 2rophet of Islam *as 4444444444/ *hose revelations *ere recorded in the 8ur+an. :. -he obli!atory reli!ious duties of all uslims/ the 4444444444/ *ere profession of the faith/ prayer/ fastin! durin! 6amadan/ 0a)at/ and ha... ;. -he 4444444444 *as the reli!ious and political leader in Islam after the death of uhammad. <. 4444444444 *as the concept of Islamic holy *ar. =. -he capital of the 'mayyad Empire *as at 4444444444. >. 4444444444 *ere literally people of the boo)/ usually either Christians or ,e*s. 3?. -he dynasty that follo*ed the 'mayyad *as the 4444444444 dynasty. T9UE:;3LSE. )rite #T$ i+ the statement is tr!e an' #;$ i+ the statement is +alse. 3. &ey Arabian to*ns li)e ecca and edina *ere lar!ely e@tensions of the tribal culture of the camel nomads. 5. uhammad *as a member of the 'mayyad clan of the 8uraysh tribe. 7. -he capital of the 'mayyad Empire *as Ba!hdad. 9. -he uslims !enerally displayed tolerance to*ard the reli!ions of dhimmi peoples. :. -he *ealthy landed elite that emer!ed in the early decades of the Abbasid rule *ere the caliphs. ;. Initially recruited from the 2ersian residents of IraA/ the Ba0irs *ere the chief administrative officers of the Abbasid Empire. <. Islam spread first amon! the merchants of the Arabian 2eninsula. =. Ali *as the first caliph after uhammad+s death. >. -he $unni supported the 'mayyads in the dispute over control of the caliphate. 3?. -he $hi+a continued to support descendants of Ali/ even after the death of #usayn.