ABSTRACT MAIN IDEA AND RESUME Chlorine, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and a commercial raw frui and !

e"e a#le $ani i%er (&i 'owder) are (nown effec i!e a$ !e"e a i!e cell and )acillu$ hurin"inien$i$ $'ora (iller* Main 'ur'o$e of u$in" one or #o h of he a#o!e $'ecie$ for $u#$ i u e bacillus anthracis in he re$earch ha focu$e$ on accurac+ $ani i%er 'ro!en o (ill #ac eria and 'a ho"en$ on food $urface$* ,he rea men u$ed in hi$ $ ud+ #+ chan"in" he '- and he addi ion of ClO 2, and hen $ee he re$ul of he decrea$ed num#er of B. cereus in he e$ $am'le* INTRODUCTION RESUME Concern$ a#ou #io errori$m in erna ional 'u$h o de!elo' and refine he echnolo"+ o (ill $'ore$ of Bacillus anthracis in he en!ironmen and food , #u onl+ a li le (nowled"e a#ou he condi ion$ ha affec he $ur!i!al and "row h of B. anthracis in food$ and effec i!ene$$ of $ani i%er$ in (illin" $'ore$ on $urface$ and food* B. anthracis clo$el+ rela ed o B. cereus and B. thuringiensis , he main difference$ ha di$ in"ui$h he 're$ence of !irulence "ene$ in 'la$mid B.anthracis * Chlorine dioxide ( ClO2 ) in he form of "a$ or li.uid clean$er i$ one wi h a hi"h $ucce$$ $hown ca'a#le of (illin" !e"e a i!e cell$ and $'ore$ in food$ $uch a$ #ac erial 'a ho"en$ and $'oila"e microor"ani$m$* Com'ared o chlorine, ClO2 ha$ he a#ili + o $ol!e 'henolic com'ound$ and reducin" 'henolic aroma and a$ e in wa er * ClO 2 oxida ion 'ower of a#ou 2*/ ime$ ha of chlorine , #u he oxida ion of ClO2 reduced when in con ac wi h or"anic ma er , hu$ reducin" le hali + * Cleanin" effec i!ene$$ in (illin" Bacillus $'ore$ and enhanced #+ he $imul aneou$ a''lica ion of #o h $econdar+ o $ re$$ * Inac i!a ion of $'ore$ of B. subtilis i$ no $i"nifican l+ affec ed #+ 're$$ure $imul aneou$ ex'o$ure o low '- , #u he hi"he$ ra e of inac i!a ion o# ained when $'ore$ were fir$ "i!en 're$$ure a neu ral '- and hen '- i$ low * Ro#er $ and -oo!er re'or ed ha $'ore$ of )* coa"ulan$ i$ more $en$i i!e o 're$$ure , ei her a low '- and hi"h em'era ure* E!en ual "oal of e$ in" he $en$i i!i + of !e"e a i!e cell$ and $'ore$ of B. anthracis which cau$e$ a decrea$e in he 'o'ula ion of mo$ 'o en ial re'lacemen * MAIN IDEA 0$ 'ara"ra'h 1 de!elo'in" and refinin" echnolo"ie$ o de ermine affec $ur!i!al and "row h of B. anthracis and he effec i!ene$$ of $ani i%er$ in (illin" $'ore$* 2nd 'ara"ra'h 1 rela ion a#ou B. anthracis, B. cereus and B. thuringiensis* 2rd 'ara"ra'h 1 Chlorine dioxide ( ClO2 ) a#ili + 3 h 'ara"ra'h 1 ,he effec i!ene$$ of $ani i%er$ in (illin" Bacillus $'ore$ / h 'ara"ra'h 1 4ournal wri in" "oal$

MATERIAL AND METHOD RESUME In hi$ e$ u$in" ma erial li(e e$ $ rain from !e"e a i!e cell$ and $'ore$ of fi!e $ rain$ of B. cereus i$ola ed from food$ li(e 'a$ euri%ed mil(, coo(ed rice, infan formula, 'a$ a and he o her $ rain from $ome in$ i u e in 5erman+, USA, and 6enn+$+l!ania* ,o 'roduce !e"e a i!e cell$, fi!e $ rain$ of B. cereus "rown in #rain hear infu$ion ( )-I ) #ro h ( Difco , ))7 , )ec on Dic(in$on , S'ar($ , Md* ) and hen incu#a ed for 23 h a 289C * Cul ure wa$ cen rifu"ed and he !olume of he $u$'en$ion i$ de ermined com#ina ion ha will #e "i!en on a fi!e $ rain mix ure con ainin" he $ame 'o'ula ion ( 08: cfu ; m7 )* Su$'en$ion $hall #e com#ined wi h $ome chemical rea men $olu ion or deioni%ed wa er ( con rol ) * ,o 'roduce $'ore$ , !e"e a i!e cell $u$'en$ion ) of each $ rain B. cereus and B. thuringiensis were "rown in )-I #ro h for 23 hour$ a 289C on an a"ar medium and $u''lemen ed wi h MnSO 3 <=-2O, hen he re$ul in" $'ore$ were incu#a ed a 289C for =2 >=? hour$* Su$'en$ion of each $ rain were collec ed and fil ered hrou"h $ erile "la$$ wool, collec ed, and cen rifu"e ( 2,?88 " , 28 min , 209C) * @a$hin" 'rocedure wa$ re'ea ed un il he $'ore$ are free from mo$ of he !e"e a i!e cell * Su$'en$ion of each $ rain wa$ $ ored a 2: for he 're'ara ion of chemical rea men $olu ion and deioni%ed wa er* MAIN IDEA 0$ 'ara"ra'h 1 ,he ma erial of e$ 2nd 'ara"ra'h 1 ,he efficac+ of chlorine, al(aline and acidified ClO2, an acidified frui and !e"e a#le $ani i%er, and ClO2 in com#ina ion wi h a frui and !e"e a#le $ani i%er in (illin" !e"e a i!e cell$ and $'ore$ 2rd 'ara"ra'h 1 6roducin" !e"e a i!e cell 3 h 'ara"ra'h 1 6roducin" $'ore$ / h 'ara"ra'h 1 6re'ara ion of chemical rea men $olu ion and deioni%ed wa er DIFFICULT WORDS Surro"a e 1 $u#$ i u e, $ucce$$or, $urro"a e, al erna e, fill>in Di$ in"ui$hin" 1 'referen ial, exce' ional, excellen , 'ar icular, di$ inc i!e, $'ecial, $'ecific, 'ar icular, uni.ue, exclu$i!e Deioni%ed wa er 1 Deioni%ed wa er i$ a +'e of 'urified wa er wi h mineral ion$ ($al $) remo!ed* ,he$e mineral ion$ include $odium, calcium, iron, co''er,chloride, and #romide* Deioni%ed wa er i$ crea ed #+ a(in" con!en ional wa er and ex'o$in" i o elec ricall+ char"ed re$in$ ha a rac and #ind o he $al $, remo!in" hem from he wa er* )ecau$e mo$ of he im'uri ie$ in wa er are mineral $al $, deioni%ed wa er i$ mo$ l+ 'ure, #u i doe$ $ ill con ain numerou$ #ac eria and !iru$e$, which ha!e no char"e and herefore are no a rac ed o he elec rified re$in$*