Index

Afanasyev, Alexsandr Nikolayevich, folk tales 8, 26, 51, 168, 229 Alhambra Theatre, London 59 Alkan, Charles, Le Chemin de fer 208 Altschuler, Modest [Altshuller, Modest Isaakovich] 37, 38 Andreyev, Nikolay Vasilevich 14, 1516 Andreyevna, Anna 1314 Anisfeld, Boris Izrailevich 37 Ansermet, Ernest 41, 42, 49, 52, 55, 56, 58, 97, 107n83, 177 Antheil, George Airplane Sonata 65, 109n119, 208 Ballet mchanique 208, 234n11 Mechanisms 208 Asafyev, Boris Vladimirovich 4, 65, 67, 77, 86, 100, 253 Auric, Georges 6, 40 La Pastorale 74, 217 Les Fcheux 61, 62, 79, 95 Les Matelots 66, 206, 217 Baba-Yaga and the Crocodile 77, 112n147, fig.12 Balanchine, George [Balanchivadze, Georgy Melitonovich] 1, 3, 9, 71, 73, 85, 89 choreography, LEnfant prodigue 934, 99, 2456, 247 Balla, Giacomo, Macchina Tipografica 79 ballet buffoons in 163 innovations 11718 jazz influences 9 ragtime influences 9 Rimsky-Korsakov on 117 ballet-pantomimes 123 Ballets Russes 1, 5, 6, 8, 13, 40, 54, 71, 94 London season 55 Monte Carlo 61 Paris season 80 productions 19, 118 Ballets Sudois 9, 40, 59, 204 disbandment 65 jazz ballets 64 Skating Rink 2089 Bantock, Granville 16 Beaumont, Cyril 51 Beecham, Thomas 16, 18, 41, 46 Berners, Lord [Tyrwhitt-Wilson, Gerald], Triumph of Neptune 73, 204 Blois, Pierre 65 Bolm, Adolf Rudolfovich 33, 37, 38, 85, 219 Borodin, Alexander [Borodin, Alexandr Porfiryevich] 7, 14, 59 Polovtsian Dances 14, 19, 24, 53, 83, 136 Borowski, Felix 129 Breitkopf and Hrtel, publishers 15, 128, 199 Brown, Malcolm 156, 160, 258 buffoons in ballet 163 in Chout 1647, 168 Campanini, Cleofonte 38 Cangiullo, Francesco 28 Carpenter, John Alden Krazy Kat 219 Skyscrapers 64, 209, 2223 Le Pas dacier, similarities 2245 musical extract 225 Prokofiev on 2234 Chabrier, Emmanuel, Une Education Manque 62 Chaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 5, 6, 7, 49, 85, 92, 117 Fourth Symphony, finale, music example 140 Sleeping Beauty 122 Chaliapin [Shalyapin, Fyodor Ivanovich] 4, 14, 15, 105n37 Chanel, Coco 61

287

288

PROKOFIEVS BALLETS FOR DIAGHILEV

chastushka 17, 72, 101n7, 137 Cherepnin, Nikolay Nikolayevich 13, 14, 15, 19, 25, 30, 121 Prokofievs teacher 120 Chicago Opera 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 49 Chicago Symphony Orchestra 36, 37, 129 choreodrama 118, 122, 123 Chout (1921) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 26, 27 1915 score 1767 published score charts 1824, 190 comparison 17986 dramatic pacing 1816 entractes 1958 finale 18995 as ballet music 1869 buffoons in 1647, 168, 268 caricature fig.2 characterization 1634 tonal 262 choreography 478 composition 313 costumes 51, fig.9 dancing 512 dcor 5051, figs 68 Diaghilev on 412 excellence of 2734 excisions 55 fee for 3031 folk elements 13742, 156 formal elements 14253, 2589 Gambler, parallels 187 harmonies 1545 iconography 512 Larionovs sketchbook 46, fig.4 layered textures 156, 1589 mimetic music in 1689 modalism 1556 music examples 139, 14452, 155, 1578, 159, 165, 166, 193, 196, 197 pentatonicism 155 performances 53 plot 2930 premier 52 publicity 50 reception 534, 578 rehearsals 4950 revisions 43, 47, 1779, 198 revival 59 Suite 65, 198201

Coates, Albert 39, 41, 58, 198 Cocteau, Jean 50, 61 Les Maris de la Tour Eiffel 61 The Cock and the Harlequin 40 Covent Garden Theatre 97 Craft, Robert 121 cubo-futurism 50, 51, 204 Dadaism 204, 208, 239 Damrosch, Walter 222 Darrel, R.D. 219 Debussy, Claude Prokofiev, influence on 160 works Daphnis et Chlo 14, 19, 24, 30, 118, 131, 137, 160 La Bote joujoux 218 Derzhanovsky, Vladimir Vladimirovich 4, 26 Deshevov, Vladimir Mikhaylovich, Krasny vikhr (Red Whirlwind) 68, 208 Desormire, Roger 80, 81, 84, 91, 92, 96 Diaghilev, Sergey Pavlovich book collecting 6, 240 choral ballets, dislike of 6 death 99, 100 discernment 27071 financial problems 59 futurism, influence on 22 jazz, dislike of 6, 64, 221 musicality 46 photos fig.1, fig.18 Prokofiev first meeting 1617 influence on 16970, 27071 relationship 13, 270 rifts 6061, 956 tribute by 100101 dIndy, Vincent 58 Dolin, Anton 89 Doubrovska, Felia, in LEnfant prodigue fig.16 Downes, Olin 244 Duke, Vernon see Dukelsky, Vladimir Dukelsky, Vladimir Alexandrovich (Vernon Duke) 48, 63, 213, 219 Zphyr et Flora 66, 223, 233n5, 241 Duncan, Isadora, influence 118

INDEX

289

Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigoryevich 68, 69, 70, 209 Eisenstein, Sergey [Eyzenshteyn, Sergey Mikhaylovich] Alexander Nevsky 168 Ivan the Terrible 168 Ernst, Max 74 Fokine, Michel [Fokin, Mikhail Mikhaylovich] 8, 14, 16, 18, 21, 28, 45, 54, 94, 118, 122 Foregger, Nikolay Mikhaylovich 79 Futurist Movement 22, 28, 101n6, 205, 239 and jazz 219 music inspired by 2079, 21617, 236n48 Garafola, Lynn 23, 40 Garden, Mary 44 Gershwin, George American in Paris 222 Piano Concerto in F 219 Rhapsody in Blue 222 Glazunov, Alexander [Aleksandr Konstantinovich] 7, 34, 49, 67, 103n26, 117, 119, 131, 138, 154, fig.15 Glire, Rheinhold [Glier, Reyngold Moritsevich] 119, 137 Red Poppy (Krasny mak) 219 Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich 24, 119 Ruslan and Lyudmila 24, 123, 134 Goleyzovsky, Kasian Yaroslavich 228 Iosif prekrasny (Joseph the Beautiful) 240, 246 Goncharova, Natalya Sergeevna 16, 22, 31, 32, 80 Goossens, Eugene 5 Gorodetsky, Sergey Mitrofanovich 18, 24, 124 Prokofiev, collaboration 2022, 129, 13031, 134 Grand Opera 123 Grigoriev, Sergey [Grigoryev, Sergey Leonidovich] 33, 44, 48, 49, 56, 75, 94 Gutheil, publisher 128 Hertz, Alfred 153 Hindemith, Paul 71, 99, 115n209

Honegger, Arthur 40 Antigone 240 Concertino for Piano 217 Judith 240 Le Roi David 61, 217 Les Noces dAmour et de Psych 240 Pacific 231 9, 61, 64, 65, 205, 208, 217, 225, 227, 228 Skating Rink 9, 208, 209 intonarumori 28, 207, 208 Jacobinoff, Sascha 37 jazz 9, 204 Diaghilevs dislike of 6, 64, 221 and Futurist Movement 219 influences, in Le Pas dacier 21922 Prokofievs like of 21819 ragtime, distinction 218 varieties 218 jazz ballets 21718, 219 Ballets Sudois 64 jazz vogue, Paris 9, 40, 63 Jurgenson & Bessel, publishers 30, 31 Kirstein, Lincoln 243 Kochno, Boris [Kokhno, Boris Yevgenyevich] 6, 46, 53, 56, 59, 64, 68, 74, 856, 93, 224, 240, 246 libretto, LEnfant prodigue 87, 88, 96, 2412 Koshetz, Nina Pavlovna 44 Koussevitzky, Serge [Kusevitsky, Sergey Alexandrovich] 15, 28, 35, 47, 48, 49, 57, 60, 61, 64, 66, 84, 92 Kucheryavy, Nikolay Titovich 36, 44, 104n32 kuchkists 7, 17, 121, 122, 126, 231 see also neokuchkists Lambert, Constant, Romeo and Juliet 6, 73 Lang, Fritz, Metropolis 228 Larionov, Mikhail Fyodorovich 1, 223, 31, 32, 39, 52, 53, 55, 57, 65, 100 Chout costumes 51, fig.9 dcor 5051, figs 68 sketchbook 46, fig.4 Le Pas dacier, staging 21516 pencil sketch of 47, fig.5

290

PROKOFIEVS BALLETS FOR DIAGHILEV

Lavrovsky, Leonid Mikhaylovich, choreographer, Romeo and Juliet 278n53 Le Pas dacier (1927) 1, 2, 9, 13, 56 blue note passage 221, 222 characterization, tonal 2623 choreography 79, 206, 214, 226 commissioning 2067 constructivist settings 745, 206, 228 costumes 756, fig.10 dcor 75, 20910 factory finale 83, fig.13 fee for 68 folk themes 77, fig.12 futurist influences 207, 21617 industrial sounds 2268 jazz influences 21922 music examples 220, 221, 222, 225, 230, 231, 232 musical plan 211 negotiations 678 new simplicity 22933 planning 6970 plot 7071 popularity 84 premier 81, 85 program book, excerpt fig.11 quotation 2312 ragtime in 220 reception 814, 232 rehearsals 77, 8081 restatements 25960 scenario 21113 scenes 76 Skyscrapers, similarities 2245 Suite 84, 228 syncopation in 220, 222 themes 215 visual vs dance elements 216 LEnfant prodigue (1929) 1, 3, 9, 10, 13, 71 characterization 26061 choreography 934, 99, 2456, 24950, fig.17 closing scene fig.14 commissioning 856 dcor 90 Diaghilevs input 250 fee 867 grotesque humor in 268 gymnastics in 246

indecencies 924 key signatures 263 libretto 87, 88, 96, 2412 music examples 244, 249, 251, 2567, 261, 262, 268 new simplicity 2545 orchestration 889 origins 240 outtakes in 2478 piano score 967 plot 2456 popularity, continuing 99, 115n207 premier 945, 978 reception 95, 989 rehearsals 912 restatements 260 Suite 275n19 synopsis 275n12 timings 242 Leonov, Leonid Maksimovich, The Badgers (Barsuki) 72 Les Six 40, 53, 61, 62 Lichine, David 247 Lifar, Serge [Sergey Mikhaylovich] 3, 69, 71, 100, 178, 244 in Le Pas dacier fig.13 in LEnfant prodigue 9899, 246, fig.14 Linyova, Yevgenia Eduardovna 28 Lopukhov, Fyodor Vasilevich, The Red Whirlwind (Krasny vikhr) 68, 210, 216 Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilevich 81 Lyadov, Anatoly Konstantinovich 119, 162, 176, fig.15 McCormick, Cyrus 356, 38, 104n31 Manuel, Roland 54 Mariinsky Theatre, St Petersburg 117, 119, 124 Marinetti, Filippo 28, 207 Markevitch, Igor [Markevich, Igor Borisovich] 6, 9091, 114n90 LHabit du roi 99 Martin u, Bohuslav 68, 110n129 Massine, Lonide [Myasin, Leonid Fyodorovich] 16, 27, 28, 44, 48, 50, 72, 73, 77, 177 choreography, Le Pas dacier 78, 79, 206, 214 Meshchersky, Nina 26 Messing, Scott 252

INDEX

291

Meyerhold, Vsevolod [Meyerkhold, Vsevolod Emilyevich] 35, 68, 73, 88, 205, 228 Milhaud, Darius La Cration du monde 64, 218 Le boef sur le toit 40 Le Train bleu 61, 63, 206, 217 LHomme et son dsir 53, 59 Machines Agricoles 208 mimetic music, in Chout 1689 Mir, Joan 74 Molinari, Bernardino 23 Monteux, Pierre 5, 18, 49, 91, 92, 120 music, futurist inspired 2079 music examples Chout 139, 14452, 155, 1578, 159, 165, 166, 193, 196, 197 Divertissement 249 Fourth Symphony (Chaikovsky) 140 Le Pas dacier 220, 221, 222, 225, 230, 231, 232 Le Sacre du printemps 127 LEnfant prodigue 244, 249, 251, 2567, 261, 262, 268 Love of Three Oranges 165 One Hundred Russian Folk Songs (Rimsky-Korsakov) 140 Overture in B Flat for 17 Instrumentalists 244 Scythian Suite 126, 157 Musorgsky, Modest Petrovich 7, 59, 162, 169, 176, 187, 198, 266, 267 Night on Bald Mountain 126 Myaskovsky, Nikolay 4, 19, 20, 26, 27, 32, 62, 71, 73, 97, 163, 205, 246 Nabokov, Nicholas [Nikolay Dmitryevich] 6, 160, 161, 217, 2523, 254, 255, 258, 273 neoclassicism 9, 233, 239, 244, 253 Stravinsky 252, 254 neokuchkists 7 neonationalism Prokofiev 119, 122, 126 Stravinsky 119, 121, 122 neoprimitivism 22, 50, 122 Nijinska, Bronislava [Nizhinskaya, Bronislava Fominichna] 59, 66, 106n64, 136 Nijinsky, Vaslav [Nizhinsky, Vatslav Fomich] 11n23, 17, 27

Nouvel, Walter [Nuvel, Valter Fyodorovich] 5, 15, 16, 18, 22, 120 opera, models 123 see also Grand Opera Parton, Anthony 50 Pierpont Morgan Library 3, 176, 193 Porter, Cole 222 Within the Quota 218 Poulenc, Francis, Les Biches 40, 612, 206, 217 Pratella, Francesco 28 La Guerre, Tre Danze per Orchestra 208 LAviatore Dro 208 primitivism 8, 34, 119, 125, 134 Le Sacre du printemps 172n40 see also neoprimitivism Princes Theatre, London 556, 81, 205 Prokofiev Archive 3 Prokofiev, Sergey Sergeyevich in America 359, 44 ballet exposure to 11718 opinion of 118 ballet music choreography, subordination of 2723 sources 34 style 7, 272 theatricality 272 characterization consistency 2634 grotesque/humorous 26770 influences 1623 melodic 2656 instruments, use 2659 love themes/seductiveness 2646 power/fighting 2667 Cherepnin, studies with 120 chromaticism 156 composing debut 120 compositional techniques 25870 Debussy, influence of 160 Diaghilev first meeting 1617 influence of 16970, 27071 relationship 270 rifts 6061, 956 tribute to 100101

292

PROKOFIEVS BALLETS FOR DIAGHILEV

focus, need to 271 formal/melodic organization 25861 Gorodetsky, collaboration 2022, 13031, 134 harmonic practice 1535 homophony 15960 in Italy 23 jazz, liking for 21819 in London 1415, 1920 mimetic music 1678 and modernism 8 neonationalism 119, 122, 126 opera compositions 170n1 love of 116 on originality 138 originality 162 in Paris 1314, 4041, 2045 photos ii, fig.3 primitivism 8 rhythms 1612 Rimsky-Korsakov, studies with 11920 Russianness, lack of 126, 137 St Petersburg Conservatory 119 Stravinsky ballets, comparison 7, 1248, 2712 musical influence of 11819, 168, 2545 opinion of 1389 relationship 121 thematic recurrence 259 tonal organization 2613 works Ala i Lolli 8, 23, 25, 26, 33, 42, 100 characterization 12931 Diaghilevs view 1367 grotesque in 268 and LOiseau de feu, comparison 124 reconstruction, from Scythian Suite 12936 scenario 12931 Choses en soi 86, 87, 88, 243, 250 Classical Symphony 35, 38, 55, 205, 252, 253 Divertissement 66, 87, 2489, 255 music examples 249 Fiery Angel (Ogennny angel) 6, 39, 85, 116, 117, 248, 254 Fifth Piano Sonata 64, 205 reception 71

First Piano Concerto 18, 35, 37, 38 First Symphony 56 First Violin Concerto 64, 205, 244 Fourth Symphony 89, 90 construction 248 The Gambler 34, 38, 39, 91, 116, 268 Chout, parallels 187 Love of Three Oranges (LAmour des trois oranges) 6, 13, 38, 39, 43, 44, 58, 60, 65, 117 music example 165 Maddalena 17, 116, 167, 202n1 Overture in B Flat for 17 Instrumentalists 80, 232, 2434 music example 244 Romeo and Juliet 71, 250, 278n53 Scythian Suite (Skifskaya Syuita) 34, 35, 37, 47, 64, 69 ballet 80 characterization, tonal 2612 Le Sacre du printemps, comparison 1256, 162 music examples 126, 157 origins 128 performance 489 Second Piano Concerto 15, 17, 22, 23, 42, 65, 131, 137, 204, 205 reception 25 Second Symphony composition 656, 206 performance 74 reception 667, 71, 205, 229, 233, 271 syncopation in 222 Sinfonietta 15, 20 Sur le Borysthne (Na Dnepre) 10, 100, 251 scenario 277n52 They are Seven 61, 64 Third Piano Concerto 54, 57, 153, 204, 219 Third Symphony 91, 92 Trapze 21, 66, 72, 77, 109n121, 109n123, 211, 248 Violin Concerto no. 1204 see also Chout; Le Pas dacier; LEnfant prodigue wrong notes 153

INDEX

293

ragtime jazz, distinction 218 in Le Pas dacier 220 vogue 9 Rakhmaninov Sergey, Vasilyevich 37, 49 Ravel, Maurice 68, 110n131 Bolero 92 Daphnis et Chlo 6, 14, 19, 24, 30, 118, 131, 136, 137, 160 LEnfant et les sortilges 219, 240 Richter, Sviatoslav [Rikhter, Sviatoslav Teofilovich] 168 Rieti, Vittorio 6, 247 Le Bal 247 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Andreyevich 5, 7, 14, 119, 162, 170n8, 176 on ballet 117 photo fig.15 Prokofiev, teacher 11920 works Le Coq dor 16, 19, 22, 164 One Hundred Russian Folk Songs, music examples 140 Schhrazade 14, 19, 24, 83, 94, 118, 141, 163, 168, 202n7, 239 Romanov, Boris Georgievich 43, 60, 66, 118 choreography La Tragdie de Salom 21 Le Rossignol 21, 124 Trapze 21, 87 Rothermere, Lord 73, 222 Rouault, Georges 1, 9 dcor, LEnfant prodigue 90, 93 Rovinsky, Dmitry Aleksandrovich 77, fig.12 Rubinstein, Ida [Rubinshteyn, Ida Lvovna] 60, 645, 69, 85, 92, 99, 136, 241 Russian Music Society 131 Russian Romantic Theater 66 Sabaneyev, Leonid Leonidovich 255 Satie, Eric Mercure 218 Parade 23, 50, 208, 218, 220 Sauguet, Henri, La Chatte 6, 73, 74, 80, 81, 111n139, 241 Sayers, Lesley-Anne 75, 76 Sert, Jos-Mara 17, 62 Shteyman, Mikhail Osipovich 13, 14, 15

Slavinsky, Tadeusz 45, 46, 48, 50, 59 Slonimsky, Nicolas 161, 230 Smith, Marian 123 Sokolova, Lydia 51 Souritz, Elizabeth [Surits, Elizaveta Iakovlevna] 46, 75, 215, 228 Souvtchinsky, Pierre [Suvchinsky, Pyotr Petrovich] 62, 69, 100 Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich neoclassicism 252, 254 neonationalism 119, 121, 122 Prokofiev ballets, comparison 7, 1248, 2712 musical influence on 11819, 168, 2545 relationship 121 works Apollon musagte 85, 241, 254 Feu dartifice (Fireworks) 26 Le Chant du Rossignol (Song of the Nightingale) 40, 41, 71 Le Rossignol (The Nightingale) 16, 19, 116 Le Sacre du printemps (Rite of Spring) 4, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 28, 41, 50, 54, 62, 81, 118, 121, 138 music examples 127 primitivism 172n40 and Scythian Suite, comparison 1256, 136, 137, 160, 162 Les Noces (Wedding) 8, 16, 26, 27, 32, 42, 59, 62, 142 LHistoire du soldat 66, 218 LOiseau de feu (Firebird) 7, 8, 10, 18, 19, 24, 28, 30, 50, 52, 54, 80, 81, 118, 121, 122, 123, 138, 139, 163, 168, 177, 195, 253 Ala i Lolli, comparison 124 Chout, comparison 1267, 142, 159, 161 Octour (Octet) 64, 205 Oedipus Rex 80, 240 Petrouchka 4, 7, 10, 14, 19, 24, 29, 66, 81, 99, 118, 121, 163, 168, 177, 195, 253 Chout, comparison 1278, 142, 203n13 Pribautki 278, 268 Pulcinella 5, 40, 41, 81, 252

294

PROKOFIEVS BALLETS FOR DIAGHILEV

Renard (Bayku pro lisu) 27, 59, 88, 94, 95, 168 Symphonies of Wind Instruments 57 Three Little Songs 138 surrealism 204, 239 syncopation in Le Pas dacier 220, 222 in Prokofievs Second Symphony 222 Szell, George 80 Tarakanov, Mikhail Yevgenyevich 2 Taruskin, Richard xv, 2, 113n179, 123, 125, 134, 154, 169, 171n18, 171n27, 173, 235n24 Tchaikovsky see Chaikovsky Terpis, Max 80 Thtre de la Gat-Lyrique 46, 49, 52, 59 Thtre de lOpra 59 Thtre de Monte Carlo 61 Thtre des Champs-Elyses 59

Thtre Mogador 59 Thtre Sarah-Bernhardt 74, 81, 91 Varse, Edgard 207 Vasilenko, Sergey Nikiforovich, Iosif prekrasny (Joseph the Beautiful) 240 Vaughan Williams, R., Job, a Masque for Dancing 240 Vigan, Salvatore 118 Vuillermoz, Emile 54 Woizikovsky, Leon 89 Yakulov, Georgy Bogdanovich 1, 9, 68, 6970, 71, 72, 78, 206, 224 dcor for Le Pas dacier 745, 20910 Zamyatin, Yevgeny Ivanovich, The Flea 72 Ziloti, Aleksandr Ilich 18, 31, 34, 121