Problems BAB 3 3.

1 Express the volume expansivivity and the isothermal compressibility as fuction of density and its partial derivatives.For water at 323.1 ! " #o$% and 1 bar& !'((.1)x1#*+bar*1 . ,o what pressure must water be compressed at 323.1 ! " # -$% to chan.e its density by 1/0assume that ! is independent of P $alculate the reversible wor1 done in compressin. #.#2)3 m3 of mercury at a constant temperature of 223.1 !"-3$% from 1 atm to 3### atm. ,he isothermal compressibility of mercury at 223.1 !"-4$% is where P is in atm and ! is in atm*5. Five 1ilo.rams of li6uid carbon tetrachloride under.o a mechanically reversible& isobaric chan.e of state at 1 bar durin. which the temperature chan.es from 223.1 ! "#3$% to 273.1 ! "2#3$%. 8etermine A95& :& ;& AHt, and AUt. ,he properties for li6uid carbon tetrachloride at 1 bar and 223.1 ! "#3$% may be assumed independent of temperature< p ' 1.2 x lop3 !*5 & $p ' #.)( 1= 1.*5 !*l& and p ' 1 7# 1. mP3. -ne mole of an ideal .as with $p ' "2>2%? and $v ' " 12% ? expands from P@ ' ) bar and ,l ' +## ! to P2 ' 1 bar by each of the followin. paths< (a) $onstant volumeA "b% $onstant temperatureA "c% Adiabatically. Assumin. mechanical reversibility& calculate :& ;& AU, and AH for each process. B1etch each path on a sin.le P 9 dia.ram. An ideal .as initially at +## ! and 1# bar under.oes a four*step mechanically reversible cycle in a closed system. @n step 12& pressure decreases isothermally to 3 barA in step 23& pressure decreases at constant volume to 2 barA in step 3(& volume decreases at constant pressureA and in step (1& the .as returns adiabatically to its initial state. "a% B1etch the cycle on a PV dia.ram. "b% 8etermine "where un1nown% both T and P for states 1& 2& 3& and (. "c% $alculate ;& :& AC& and AD for each step of the cycle. 8ata< Cp ' "2>2%? and Cv ' " >2%?. An ideal .as& $p ' " >2%? and $v ' "3>2%?& is chan.ed from P ' 1 bar and V{ ' 12 m3 to P2 ' 12 bar and V$ ' 1 m3 by the followin. mechanically reversible processes< "a% @sothermal compression. "b% Adiabatic compression followed by coolin. at constant pressure. "c% Adiabatic compression followed by coolin. at constant volume. "d% Deatin. at constant volume followed by coolin. at constant pressure. "e% $oolin. at constant pressure followed by heatin. at constant volume. $alculate ;& :& AU*, and AHt for each of these processes& and s1etch the paths of all processes on a sin.le P V dia.ram.

3.

3.+

3.)

3.7

3.1#

3.2#

-ne mole of air& initially at 423.15 ! (150C) and 8 bar& under.oes the followin. mechanically reversible chan.es. @t expands isothermally to a pressure such that when it is cooled at constant volume to 323.15 ! (50C) its final pressure is 3 bar. Assumin. air is an ideal .as for which Cp ' (712) R and $v '(512) R, calculate W, Q & A U, and

AH. 3.22 -ne mole of an ideal .as& initially at 303.15 ! (30C) and 1 bar& is chan.ed to 403.15 ! (130C) and 10 bar by three different mechanically reversible processes<,he .as is first heated at constant volume until its temperature is 403.15 ! ( 1 30C);then it is compressed isothermally until its pressure is 10 bar.,he .as is first heated at constant pressure until its temperature is 403.15 ! (130C);then it is compressed isothermally to 10 bar .,he .as is first compressed isothermally to 10 barA then it is heated at constantpressure to 403.15 ! (130C).$alculate ;& :& AU, and AH in each case. ,a1e Cp ' (7/2)R and Cv ' (5/2)R.Alternatively& ta1e Cp ' (5/2)R and Cv ' (312)R.

BAB ( (.1 For steady flow in a heat exchan.er at approximately atmospheric pressure& what is the final temperature< "a% :hen 1# mol of B-2 is heated from (23.1 to 1323.1 ! "2## to 1 1##3$%0 "b% :hen 12 mol of propane is heated from 23.1 to 1(23.1 ! "2 # to 12##3$%0 For steady flow throu.h a heat exchan.er at approximately atmospheric pressure& what is the final temperature& "a% :hen heat in the amount of )## : is added to 1#mol of ethylene initially at (23.1 ! "2##4 $%0 "b% :hen heat in the amount of 2 ## 1= is added to 1 mol of 1*butene initially at 33.1 ! "2+#3$%0 "c% :hen heat in the amount of 1# E= is added to 1).1( 1mol of ethylene initially at 33.1 ! "2+#3$%0 @f 2.#) m3 s*@ of air at 322.1 ! " #3$% and approximately atmospheric pressure is preheated for a combustion process to 223.1 ! " ##3$%& what rate of heat transfer is re6uired0 Dow much heat is re6uired when 1# ### 1. of $a$#3 is heated at atmospheric pressure from 323.1 to 11 3.1 ! " #3$ to ))#3$%0 A process stream is heated as a .as from 27).1 to 23.1 ! "2 3$ to 2 #3$% at constant pressure. A 6uic1 estimate of the ener.y re6uirement is obtained from E6. "(.3%& with $p ta1en as constant and e6ual to its value at 27).1 ! "2 3$%. @s the estimate of ; li1ely to be low or hi.h0 :hy0 @f the heat of combustion of urea& "FD2%2$-"s%& at 27).1 ! "2 3$% is +3 1 ++# = mol*5 when the products are $#2".%& D2#"1%& and F2".%& what is AH&* for urea at 27).1 ! "2 4$%0

(.2

(.3

(.( (.)

(.2+