BS EN 62305:2006 Protection against lightning An Overview

Sanjeev Talwar

BS EN 62305:2006 is the first ever British Li ht i Protection Lightning P t ti Standard St d d to t be b compiled il d by b experts from all over the world Very wordy yet comprehensive document Following presentation is based on our interpretation of BS EN 62305:2006

BS EN 62305 parts 1 1-4 4

Published September 2006

Now lets review BS EN 62305 in a little more detail

Peak currents are developed in a lightning strike..

but, b t event t is i over i in millionths of a second (typically ( yp y 50s) )

Lightning flash - adjacent air in ionized channel of strike

-approx 30000C - explosive expansion of surrounding air

St ik damage Strike d examples l

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St ik damage Strike d examples l

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BS EN 62305 BS EN 62305 (4 documents) I t d Introduced d in i S September t b 2006

BS6651 withdrawal date is August 31st 2008

Key changes: BS 6651 and BS EN 62305

BS 6651 Simple Risk Assessment (structural damage) BS EN 62305 Comprehensive Risk Management Calculation based on Four types of risk (R1-R4) F Four l levels l of f Lightning Li ht i Protection P t ti System (LPS) I-IV Transient Over-voltage / current (Surge) protection incorporated in main standard detailed in BS EN 62305-4

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T Two levels l l of f lightning li ht i protection t ti ordinary and high risk

Transient Over-voltage (Surge) protection in Appendix C (informative)

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BS EN 62305 - 4 parts BS EN 62305-1 General Principles BS EN 62305-2 Risk Management BS EN 62305-3 Physical damage & life hazard BS EN 62305-4 62305 4 Electrical & electronic systems

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BS EN 62305-1 (Part 1)

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BS EN 62305-1 (Part 1)
General Principles of Lightning protection Leads-in/introduction Leads in/introduction to other parts Explains storyline how to design an LPS in accordance with accompanying p y g parts p of this standard

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Scope p BS EN 62305 - 1 Provides general principles for protection against lightning of: structures, their installations, contents and persons services connected to a structure

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BS EN 62305 62305-1 1
LPL (Lightning Protection Level) - number related to a set of lightning current parameters, which allows relevant protection measures to be applied i l di the including th size i of f the th rolling lli sphere h
LPL I II III IV Maximum (kA) 200 150 100 100 Minimum (kA) 3 5 10 16

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In order to evaluate whether lightning protection is required, a risk assessment needs to be carried out (BS EN 62305-2)

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BS EN 62305-2 ( (Part 2) )

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BS EN 62305 62305-2 2 (Part (Pa t 2)

Risk Management
Complex document embracing many more factors than the BS6651 risk assessment. assessment New approach to Risk assessment. Looks at Risk in a far broader sense. By working through series of formulae the process allows the user to decide on what protection is required to reduce the actual Risk (R) below its corresponding tolerable level (RT) The ultimate protection may be the installation of an LPS system, transient (LEMP) protection or even an g g system y automatic fire fighting

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Following g primary p y risks (R ( n) relate to corresponding types of loss (L) R1 risk of loss of human life R2 risk of loss of services to the public R3 risk i k of f loss l of f cultural lt l heritage h it R4 risk of loss of economic value

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P t ti against Protection i t lightning li ht i is i required i d if the risk Rn(whether R1 or R2 or R3) is greater than the tolerable level of risk RT ie Rn > RT

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Tolerable risk RT ( (BS EN) )

Type of loss Loss of human life or permanent injury R1 Loss of service to public R2 Loss of cultural heritage R3 Note. y-1 means in one year RT(y-1) 10-5 10-4 10-4

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1 2 3 Use and type of structure (Lf ) Dimensions of structure (L x W x H in metres) No of service lines feeding the structure - power, power single/three phase phase, overhead overhead, underground - telecon, how many lines, overhead, underground Length of service lines (Lc) Location (Cd) Environment (urban, suburban, rural) (Ce) Service line only or with transformer (Ct) Special hazards (low, average, high level of panic) (hz) Type of surface (concrete (concrete, asphalt asphalt, wood etc) (ra & ru) Any fire protection provisions? (manual extinguisher, automatic extinguishing system) (rp) Risk of fire (high, ordinary, low) (rf ) y () Soil resistivity Voltage withstand (Uw) of (a) power cable (b) telecom cable (KS4) Any spatial screening (any re-inforcing bars/stanchions within the framework of the structure? (KS1) - Any details of service lines? (KS3) - Screened/unscreened cable - routing Flash Density (Ng)

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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Critical Weighting Factors

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S1 S2

S3

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S4

Sources of damage to a structure

S1 Flashes to a structure S2 Flashes near a structure S3 Flashes Fl h to t services i connected t d to t a structure t t S4 Flashes near services connected to a structure

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RA+RB+RC

RU+RV+RW

RM

RZ

R1 = RD

+ Ri

= (R ( A + RB + RC) + (RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ)

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Each primary risk consists of numerous risk components R1 = RA + RB + RC(1) + RM(1) + RU + RV + RW(1) + RZ(1) R2 = RB + RC + RM + RV + RW + RZ R3 = RB + RV R4 = RA(2) + RB + RC + RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ
(1) ( ) Structures risk of explosion p or hospitals p life saving g equipment q p (2) Properties where animals may be lost

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Definition of numerous risk components

RX
Source Sou ce of o Damage a age Flashes to the structure (S1) Flashes to the structure (S1) Type ype o of Damage a age Injury to living beings (D1) Physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside the structure (D2) Failure of internal systems caused by g g Electro Magnetic g Pulse Lightning LEMP (D3) Failure of internal systems caused by LEMP (D3) Injury to living beings (D1) Physical damage caused by g sparking p g inside the dangerous structure (D2) Failure of internal systems caused by LEMP (D3) Failure of internal systems caused by LEMP (D3)

RA
RB

RC

Flashes to the structure (S1)

RM

Flashes near the structure (S2) Flashes to a service connected to the structure (S3) Flashes to a service connected to structure (S3) ( ) Flashes to a service connected to structure (S3) Flashes near a service connected to structure (S4)

RU

RV

RW
RZ

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Generic equation for evaluating each risk component is: RX = NX . PX . LX where NX = annual number of dangerous events PX = probability of damage LX = consequential loss (social values)

For example RB component related to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside structure triggering fire or explosion

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RB = ND . PB . LB RB = (NgAd/bCd/b . 10-6) (PB) (hz.rp.rf.Lf )

Where, Ad/b (collection area) = LW + 6H (L+W) + 9(H)2

Cd/b /

is the Location factor, derived from the table

PB is the probability of damage to the structure, derived from the table, depending
upon the level of protection

hz is the factor increasing the loss due to physical damage, when a special hazard is
present, derived from the table

rp is the factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the provision
taken to reduce the consequences of fire, derived from the table

rf is the factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire,
derived from the table

Lf is loss due to physical damage

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Lf ( loss due to physical damage )

np is the possible number of victims in case of S1 nt is the number of p people p occupying py g the structure tp is the expected time spent by people in the structure

np tp Lf n x t 8760
L f 200 x 3650 200 8760
L 0.42 f

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Equivalent risk component to RB applicable to services is RV, (most important for the ME area) component related to physical damage (fire or explosion) triggered by dangerous sparking generally at entrance point of line into structure due to lightning current transmitted along incoming service RV = NV . PV . LV and RV = (NL + NDa)(PV)(hz.rp.rf.Lf ) where NL = Ng . Al . Cd . Ct . 10-6
6 and NDa = Ng . Ad/a . Cd/a . Ct . 10-6

and Al = Lc 3(Ha + Hb)6Hc Aerial (overhead) cable or Al = [L c 3(Ha + Hb)] Buried cable This exercise is repeated for all other all risk components

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Risk Management
Long hand calculations laborious, time consuming, not practicable in commercial environment

Furse strike risk software commercial availablility by 30th June 2007

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BS EN 62305-3 - Physical damage to structures and d life lif hazard h d

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BS EN 62305 62305-3 3 Ph Physical i l damage d to t structures and life hazard

Relates directly to major part of BS6651

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Follows Faraday Cage principle

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4 classes l of f structural l LP
2 types of earthing arrangements

focus on importance of equipotential bonding encourages use of natural metalwork

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Class I II III IV Mesh Size ( x m) (m ) 5x5 10 x 10 15 x 15 20 x 20 DC spacing (m) 10 10 15 20 Rolling Sphere (m) 20 30 45 60

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Each class has its own mesh size, dc spacing and relevant radius of rolling sphere

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Minimum Lightning Current Parameters

The minimum values of Lightning current have been used to derive the Rolling Sphere radius for each Lightning Protection Level Level. The relationship between the minimum peak current and the striking distance (or in other words the Rolling Sphere Radius and is expressed as:

r 10 x I 0.65

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Ai Termination Air T i ti System S t

3 basic protective methods for determining position of air termination system Rolling sphere method Protective angle method Mesh method

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Mesh Method
Suitable for majority of the surfaces provided: conductors are p positioned at roof edges g and overhangs, and on roof ridges no installation should protrude above air termination system or provide air t terminals i l to t protect t t th them

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LPZ 0A

Zone of protection

LPZ 0B
LPS s

Equipment

LPZ 1

Overvoltage SPD (8/20 s)

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LPZ 0A

Equipment LPS

LPZ 1

Lightning current SPD (10/350 s) )

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D Down C Conductors d t

Use of aesthetic covering (pvc, paint) over external LP conductors permitted (BS EN 50164-2 50164 2 (A1))

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Aluminum roof air termination network

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Mesh Method
Natural components (metallic roofs)
Class of LPS Material Lead
Steel (stainless, galvanized)
Thickness(1) t (mm) -

Thickness(2) t (mm)

2.0 0.5 0.5 0 65 0.65 0.7

4 5 7
-

I to IV

Copper Al i i Aluminium Zinc

NOTE 1 1: thickness hi k t prevents puncture, hot h spot or ignition. i ii NOTE 2: thickness t only for metal sheets if it is not important to prevent puncture, hot spot or ignition problems.

62305-3 Spacing Between Fixing clips : 500mm on a vertical surface at a height of 20m upwards. 1000mm on vertical surface upto 20m from the ground and on all Horizontal surfaces

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Ring Conductor

- conductor forming loop around structure g down conductors to and interconnecting improve lightning current distribution down them. them

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Ri Conductor Ring C d t Spacing S i

Depending on the level of protection, the radius of the rolling sphere is decided decided. Assume LPL I 1 1st Ring Ri Conductor C d t at t 20 m height h i ht Spacing of 20 meters (5 floors) between 20m to 120m height Spacing of 10 meters (3 floors) between 120m to 400m height Spacing of 5 meters (each floor) from 400m height onwards If If the structure is >120m in height, then apply ring conductor on each floor for the top 20% and then follow the above rule

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Down Conductors
Where it is not possible to install d.cs down a particular side due to practical/architectural restraints compensate by b placing l more d.cs d at closer spacings on other accessible sides d.c centres should not be less than one third of its relevant distance eg Class III LPS equates to 15m spacing Thus minimum d.c d c spacing (15/3) = 5m

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Natural Components

Encourages use of natural fortuitous metalwork present (ie rebars, etc) Still requires eq i es elect electrical ical contin continuity it - maximum ma im m overall resistance of 0.2 ohm Reinforcing R i f i bars b carrying i lightning li h i currents should be welded, clamped with suitable connection components or overlapped minimum of 20 times rebar diameter Rebars used for EMC purposes wire lashing is deemed suitable

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Earth Termination System

a) Type A arrangement rods or horizontal conductor electrodes b) Type B arrangement ring conductor or foundation earth electrode

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Type A Arrangement

Total number of rods/earth electrodes should not be less than two OR Minimum length of earth rod shall be 2.4m However, please use the formula to find out the actual number of earth rods required before deciding on installation

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Lightning Protection Components

BS EN 62305 requires that all connection components used in an LPS meet the relevant requirements of the BS EN 50164 series of Standards. Testing done by BSEN accredited laboratory only

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BS EN 50164-1

E Examples l of f before b f and d after ft t testing ti

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Lightning Protection Components

All Furse components meet the requirements of BS EN 50164 50164-1 1 and BS EN 50164 50164-2 2

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Maintenance and Inspection of LPS

BS6651 inspect/test annually (11 months) Maximum period between inspections (62305-3) Protection Visual Complete p Critical level inspection inspection systems * (year) (year) complete i inspection ti (year) I and d II 1 2 1 III and IV 2 4 1

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Non-conventional Air Termination Systems

Lot of technical (and commercial) debate raged y over the years Topic p discussed extensively y within technical working groups Decision D i i to t remain i with ith information i f ti contained t i d within this standard

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Non-conventional Non conventional Air Termination Systems

Annex A (normative) states unequivocally that zone of f protection i afforded ff d d b by air i terminal i l shall h ll be determined by real physical dimensions of that terminal 5m tall Class II LPS 64 (10.5m radius) zone of f protection t ti BS EN 62305 remain in force until at least 2010 No other standard being contemplated to run in parallel

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BS EN 62305 -4 4

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BS EN 62305 - 4
Electrical and electronic systems y within structures
Electronic systems now part of our everyday life totall dependent on thei totally their smooth efficient running nning Any malfunctions, loss of data etc disastrous effects on companies Part 4 recognizes vital importance of protecting electrical/electronic systems housed within structures integral part of BS EN 62305

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Electrical and electronic systems within structures

Basic p protection measures in an LPMS earthing and bonding magnetic ti shielding hi ldi and d line li routing ti surge protective device set

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S Surge protective t ti d device i set t (SPD set) t)

protection of internal systems against

surges may require an SPD set consisting of a coordinated set of SPDs SPD s

SPD shall be suitably located at :

- Main distribution board ( (service entrance) ) - Sub distribution board - Terminal equipment

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BS EN 62305 62305-4 4 Protection P t ti of f electronic l t i systems t -LPMS (LEMP Protection Measures System) - complete system of protection measures for internal systems against LEMP.

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LPZ0A R LPZ1 LPZ2 LPZ0B

LPZ ( (Lightning g g Protection Zone) )

- zone (area) where lightning electromagnetic environment is defined 0A Full current, full magnetic field, 0B Partial/induced current full magnetic field 1 Limited induced current damped magnetic field 2 Limited induced current, further damped magnetic field

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Coordinated SPDs
Series of SPDs installed in structure from heavy duty lightning current Type I SPD at service entrance, through to overvoltage SPD protecting terminal equipment Each E h SPD should h ld complement l t each h other th such that LEMP effects are completely nullified llifi d

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All above information is merely an insight into new standard and requires q a lot more in depth p review

All topics discussed today are included and expanded p upon p in our Guide to BS EN 62305:2006

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ANY QUESTIONS ?

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This concludes the p presentation on BS EN 62305:2006 An Overview