End users info

End users information

INFORMATION ABOUT PROJECT – SHALLOW GROUND

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY UTILIZING
Programme plans implementing shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing technology for
heating, cooling and obtaining hot sanitary water for residential, business, industrial sports,
warehouses and similar objects purposes.
In relation to other forms of natural and renewable energies exploitations ( such are
wind energy – windmills, water flows energy – small hydro power plants, or solar
energy – solar panels ), shallow ground geothermal energy has universal purpose
and it is independent of seasons, meteorology conditions, and other fallowing
nature influences.
System consists of :
- producing one-well underground collectors ( collecting energy),
- producing substations for energy promoting and
- completing secondary energy distributing installation subsystem ( heating, cooling
and obtaining hot sanitary water ) up to planed spaces.

Basic economical effects :

1. space heating energy saving is approximate 4 times related to conventional heating
models,
2. space cooling energy saving is min. 5 times related to conventional cooling models,
3. investition inconsiderably increase built up expenses per m2 (do 10%), but in
exploitation energy expenses decrease up to 80%, i
4. end users investment payability over existing objects, depending on previously used
energetic rows range from 2 do 6 years.

We consider this information could be significant and usefull for You, because is about
technical-technological innovation in Serbia and wider. We deliver You some basic data
related to structure and project implementation. SWS is adaptable to existing object’s
heating systems, which multiple decrease installing expenses. System solutions are even
adaptable to special requests, such are, for example, continuous heating, cooling and
obeying hot water (hospitals), and other objects where eventual system malfunction is
intolerable.

Represented system has appliance, as well, for heating water in pools, for swimming,
diving, jumping and similar purposes. For this kind of usage facility power in relation to air
heating facility power is 12:1. More precise, for heating olympic pool water, (dimensions
50m x 25m x 2m), with water volume cca 2.500 m3 system uses the same facility as for
heating 10.000 m2 residential space cca 30.000 m3.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project information ’’Shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing ’’ page 1 of 5
End users info

Single well system characteristics

1. Water resources preservation

System imply water exhausting technique from individual, vertical wells, and, after one
rounded, closed, injecting the same water into the same well, with no waste. Therefore,
entire system uses water, but does not consume or lose it, and water circulates in
closed loops, does not leave a subsystem and it doesn’t come to direct contact with
another subsystem water..

Energy collecting subsystem uses water circulation, as medium for shallow ground energy
collecting, where temperature is constant ( mostly from 80 to 120m), and conveys
geothermal energy to next subsystem. This technique consists of tree subsystems,
completely physically separated from each other, in order to preserve water resources.

Underground water are carried to stainless steel heat exchanger, in which it releases a part
of its heat to other medium from other subsystem, and afterwards water returns to the well.
This technique represents low-energy collection ( about 50 C), does not consume, or pollute,
or affect to underground water distribution.

This technique eliminates conditionality of underground water existence, enables avoiding

problems related to well connected ( multi well ) systems.

Crucial difference between single well ( individual wells) and multi system ( multiple
connected wells) is – SWS ( single well system ) uses water as a medium only, and energy
gets from the ground, not from underground water, because ground resources are richer
and more reliable.

This technique has provided new platform for creative heat pumps technology utilizing for
heating and cooling by geothermal energy.

Exploitation has shown that ‘’individual wells system’’ solved problems other systems have,
such are sand propulsion, unequal well water levels, uneven surface and other following
appearances, as well as water quantity loss, so system has evaluated as much better in
compare to multi well system.

Long term monitoring results have shown water quality indicators do not change their
characteristics during SWS water exhaustion and injection, except inconsiderable
temperature changes. Water inside well and all other subsystems is closed and remain
intact to oxygen from the atmosphere, therefore no oxidation processes.

It could be concluded ‘’ individual well system’’ has no any influence to underground water
quality.

To some experts analyzes, water resources at depth of do 800m reach to amazing

417x104 km3, which is 17,5 times more than total Earth surface water resources ( salted
and unsalted water and accumulates). It is estimate that water resources at depths more
than 800m have same quantities.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project information ’’Shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing ’’ page 2 of 5
End users info

2. Less initial investments for end users

Shallow ground Geothermal energy heating / cooling system requires less investments
from following 3 reasons:

• One unit, multi functions. Traditionally, for obtaining room heating, cooling and hot
domestic water, it is necessary to install tree separated systems. In SWS all
functions are assembled – single installation gives all these 3 functions.

• Less space required. Typical SWS installation requires much less space in object
for machine room setting up ( mostly in basement ) and 1 m2 of space outside
object ( for single well setting up). For instance, installing heating/cooling/hot water
system in object of 10.000 m2 requires 30m2 inside, for machine room, and 1m2
outside, for well.

• Cheep equipment. It will be used imported equipment and components, mass

made in special factories in China, and whole project realization with Chinese
partners is based on “turn key” system.

3. Low operational costs

System uses 1KW of electricity to collect, promote and finally distribute 4kW of energy for
heating, cooling and water warming, so it is energy saving and considerable operational
costs decreasing system..

For goals of sustainable development promoting and pure and renewable energies
using, Republic of Serbia Government has appointed ‘’Energetic efficiency
increasing programme” via ministry of energetic and mining and ministry of
science and environmental saving.

In next phase it will begin appliance of different tariff systems for consumed electricity
depending of consumers type ( in Germany, for example, electric conductors for heat
pumps are equipped with separated electricity meter, and utilizes charging tariff 5 times
lower than standard ones. This fact, too, could lead to important decrease of operational
costs.

During summer season shallow ground temperature is much lower than room one. Room
air temperature decreases just by underground water low temperatures ( crossing via heat
exchanger), while heat pump is off. AC unit initialize as is necessary.

This is very effective way for cooling expenses decreasing and overcoming planet
global heating increase, in relation to cooling conventional models.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project information ’’Shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing ’’ page 3 of 5
End users info

4. No polluting or environment heating effects

SWS works using pure energy, and there’s no combustion processes. This eliminates
damaging substances emission in solid, liquid or vaporized stage and integrally solve eco
system pollution problem related to those systems which use traditional fossil fuels such
are charcoal, ground gas, or petroleum.

It directly contributes to protection and improvement of air quality, atmosphere

heating decrease as well as preservation of mankind energy resources.

Beside fossil fuels consumption reducing for heating and hot water preparing, by SWS
utilizing, system also considerably reduces petrol consumption, unnecessarily for trucks
motion, to transport those fossil fuels. Conventional heating 100.000 m2 requires between
800 and 2000 trucks for fossil fuels transport, and between 200 and 300 trucks for
evacuation of ash, as collateral combustion product. So, SWS reduces not only trucks
exhausted gases, but also reduces noise level.

5. Secure and reliable energy producing system

There are no combustion processes, high temperatures, high liquids or gasses pressures
within system.
All system components have self lubrication.
All heat exchangers, made of stainless steel, are in closed systems.
SWS heating and cooling system appear to be the most secure and most reliable to other
conventional systems.

Air cross contamination elimination

Water with proper temperature circulates through closed pipe lines system within fan coil,
and passes through ventilating coils inside of fan. Ventilating coil within each cooling unit is
unique equipment for both heating and cooling, and it is separated from same ones in
other rooms. Room cooling units do not share the same air tunnel due to conveying and
draining holes for outside air gathering are in a same room.

Room air goes to ventilating coil via entering hole; air worms up in heat exchanger where it
indirectly contacts to hot water which circulates in coil, and wormed up air comes to the
room through entrancing hole. This continues while room temperature reaches desired
level. Air in a room do not mix with other rooms air, and room ventilation is natural, through
windows.
This way achieve air cross contamination elimination.
.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project information ’’Shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing ’’ page 4 of 5
End users info

Comparing of using fossil fuels and SWS

Means and Shallow ground geothermal

projects Traditional fossil fuels energy
mala energija iz plitke zemlje+mala
1 energy Coal, petrol, ground gas
količina električne energije
Heating Boiler + radiator
2 Heat pump + fan coil
equipment (steel or iron cast )
It is required 10000C Shallow ground temperature of 100C
Heating
temperature, to warm up could be promoted by heat pump up
3 process
water to 70-800C to 50 or 600C
Energy high ( COP=2~4), efficiency saving is
4
efficiency low (60-90%) 50-75%
Environmen serious
5
t pollution ( dust , CO2, SO2, NOx, CO ) No pollution

Separated fan coil or cooling

Cooling
6 unit + cooling tower at roof jedinstvena je, kao i za grejanje
equipment
(koristi se ista instalacija)
Big machine room, chimney,
Added storages, underground mazut
7
objects tank, isolated gas tank... Small room for heat pump allocating
Water waste
At cooling towers
due cooling No waste
120t / 10 000m2

Kragujevac, Serbia, dec. 2007.

BEST REGARDS,

Gordana Jakovljević, graduated mechanical engineer, &

Aleksandar Dinić, graduated mechanical engineer.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project information ’’Shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing ’’ page 5 of 5