Homework 10 Responses: The Nature of Audio Research Questions - Juuso 5.

(a) When different harmonic waveforms are added together, the human ear can hear the 5. (b) difference What s and does this perceive word these (your difference answer s as new to 5. (a)) what...? mean?

Timestam p

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1. Describe how sound waves travel, 2. (a) referring to The particles, height of compression the wave , and is refraction. called...?

2. (b) What propert y of sound does your answer to 2. (a) relate to?

3. We measure frequency in hertz (Hz) and Killohertz (KHz). What does frequency relate to in terms of a waveform ?

4. (a) With reference to a vibrating string, what is the fundamental ?

4. (b) With reference to a vibrating string, what are harmonics ?

6. Name the 4 stages that describe how sound is converted into electrical energy. air pressure variations > mechanica l movement > conversion into magnetic energy > conversion into electrical energy

7. What is the similarity shared by both an ear drum and a microphon e diaphragm ?

8. Give 3 examples of ways in which a sound engineer can manipulate waveforms , and the technical equipment that is used to do so.

9. If digital sound is represente d by a series of voltages on and off signals, or 1s and 0s how is it represente d in the analogue domain?

10. (a) How is an analogue waveform represente d digitally?

10. (b) What is the sample period?

10. (c) What is a sample rate of 48KHz?

When there are vibrations, in the air for example, it causes the molecules to squash together and then space out, this is called compression 12/2/2013 and 14:33:43 Juuso rarefaction

amplitud e

volume ? not 100% sure

how frequently the waveform repeats

the main length

strings vibrating in two halves, thre thirds, four quarters etc

timbre

it refers to the sound of somethin g

the move along with the change in pressure to pick up the sound

filters can remove parts of a waveform, amplifiers can boost a wave's amplitude, lfo's can apply modulation

patterns egraved on shellac (vinyl records) or in magnetic imprints on ferric oxide dust stuck to plastic tape

by tiny samples of audio as close to the natural waveform

the distance between one samplin g point and another

48000 sample s per second

10. (d) What is samplin g bit depth? the bit depth defines the dynamic range of the sound as it describes the amplitude of the waveform at each sample point

10. (e) How does a higher bit depth improve digital audio?

11. What does DAC stand for and what does it do?

the higher dynamic range makes a more realistic representatio n of the audio

Digital to Analogu e converter

Please check your answers using the answer sheet on website