APPENDIX A

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS COMMONLY USED IN BUREAU OF RECLAMATION ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

AGC AN A-S ASCE ASTM ATF AVIRIS BIPS bpf bpm BPSK BPT C/A CDP CFR cm cm2 CME cm/sec CPE CPT CPTU CRR DGPS automatic gain control ammonium nitrate anti-spoofing American Society of Civil Engineers American Society for Testing Materials Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Borehole Image Processing System blow per foot blow per minute bi-phase shift keyed Becker Penetration Test coarse/acquisition common depth point Code of Federal Regulations centimeter centimeter squared Central Mine Equipment centimeter per second Circular Probable Error Cone Penetration Test piezometric cones or piezocones cyclic resistance ratio differential GPS

FIELD MANUAL DoD DOP DOT DS13 U.S. Department of Defense dilution of precision Department of Transportation U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Design Standard No. 13 for Embankment Dams exploding bridge wire expected horizontal error electromagnetic expected position error drill rod energy ratio expected time error expected vertical error Figure of Merit friction ratio sleeve resistance feet feet per second cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second gallons per minute geometric dilution of precision grams per cubic centimeter ground penetrating radar Global Positioning System horizontal dilution of precision hollow-stem auger International Construction Equipment inside diameter Institute of Makers of Explosives inch

EBW EHE EM EPE ERi ETE EVE FoM Fr fs ft ft/sec ft3/min ft3/sec gal/min GDOP g/cm3 GPR GPS HDOP HSA ICE ID IME in

466

APPENDIX A in/sec JPL kg kg/cm2/m kg/L kg/m3 kHz km kPa L lb/ft3 lb/in2 lb/gal lb/yd3 LEDC L/min L/min/m lu LVL m m2 MHz mL mm mm/sec m/sec m3/sec ms MSHA inch per second Jet Propulsion Laboratory kilogram kilograms per square centimeter per meter kilogram per liter kilogram per cubic meter kilohertz kilometer kilopascal liter pounds per cubic foot pounds per square inch pounds per gallon pounds per cubic yard low-energy detonating cord liter per minute liter per minute per meter Lugeon low-velocity layer meter square meters megahertz milliliter millimeter millimeters per second meters per second cubic meters per second millisecond Mine Safety and Health Administration

467

FIELD MANUAL MSS NAD27 NAD83 NASA NAV NAVSTAR NFPA NG NIST NTU OD O&M OSHA OSM P PDA PDOP PETN PMT PPS PRN psi psi/ft PVC PVT qc RMS multispectral scanner 1927 North American Datum 1983 North American Datum National Aeronautics and Space Administration navigation Navigation Satellite Time and Ranging National Fire Protection Association nitroglycerin National Institute of Standards and Technology nephelometric turbidity unit outside diameter operation and maintenance Occupational Safety and Health Administration Office of Surface Mining compressional wave pile-driving analyzer position dilution of precision pentaerythritoltetranitrate photomultiplier tube Precise Positioning Service pseudo-random noise pounds per square inch pounds per square inch per foot polyvinyl chloride position, velocity, and time data tip resistance root mean square

468

APPENDIX A rps S SA SEP SLAR SP SPS SPT SSS SSSG TDOP TFOM TM TNT ton/ft2 UE UERE URA USGS VDOP WAGE C F 3D 2D revolutions per second shear wave selective availability spherical error probable side-looking airborne radar self-potential, spontanious potential Standard Positioning Service Standard Penetration Test side scan sonar surface saturated dry specific gravity time dilution of precision Time Figure of Merit thematic mapper trinitrotoluene ton per square foot user equipment User Equivalent Range Error User Range Accuracy U.S. Geological Survey vertical position dilution of precision Wide Area GPS Enhancement degrees Centigrade degrees Fahrenheit three-dimensional two-dimensional

469

APPENDIX B

NOMOGRAPH RELATING THE DENSITY OF AN EXPLOSIVE IN G/CC, THE DIAMETER OF THE EXPLOSIVE IN INCHES, AND THE POUNDS OF EXPLOSIVE PER LINEAL FOOT

Column Diameter equals hole diameter for poured and pumped blasting products. (For cartridged products, estimate the explosives column average diameter, based upon cartridge diameter and amount of tamping or slump.) For example: a line drawn through the 0.8 gm/cc point (for ANFO) and the 3-inch column diameter point intersects the weight line at about 2.5 lb/ft.

APPENDIX C

CHART SHOWING RIPABILITY VERSUS SEISMIC VELOCITY FOR A D11N BULLDOZER

APPENDIX D

CHARTS SHOWING WEIGHT OF MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR TYPICAL LABORATORY TESTS

478
Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 1 of 7 (footnotes are at the end of the table) Nominal description of test Practical field sample4 English 0.1 lb 2 lb 9 lb 18 lb 26 lb 26 lb Metric 40 g 800 g 4 kg 8 kg 12 kg 12 kg Same as test specimen Recommended minimum test sample4 English Metric Required minimum test specimen 10 g 200 g 2.2 lb, 1 kg 4.4 lb, 2 kg 6.6 lb, 3 kg 6.6 lb, 3 kg* *Or more to obtain a representative sample Designation No. USBR 5300 ASTM D 2216 USBR 5305 ASTM D 4959 USBR 5310 ASTM D 4944 USBR 5315 ASTM D 4643 USBR 5320 Method A ASTM D 854 Specific gravity minus No. 4 Maximum particle size1,2,3 No. 40 (425 m) No. 4 Moisture content in Comments

FIELD MANUAL

G
3 in

in 1 in

No. 4

5 lb

2.3 kg

1.1 lb

500 g

100 g oven dried

Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 2 of 7 (footnotes at end of table) Nominal description of test Maximum particle size1,2,3 in Practical field sample4 English 20 lb** 30 lb** 50 lb** 200 lb** Metric 9.1 kg** 14 kg** 23 kg** 91 kg** Same as test specimen Recommended minimum test sample4 English Metric 4.4 lb, 2 kg** 6.6 lb, 3 kg** 11 lb, 5 kg** 40 lb, 18 kg** 100 g oven dried 200 g*, ** If not air dried, need test specimen weight plus amount equivalent to weight of moisture content 2.4 lb, 1.1 kg*, ** 20 lb, 9.1 kg** 150 lb, 68 kg** *10 lb recommended for large mechanical sieve shakers **Air dried **Required weight of plus No. 4 particles, air dried Required minimum test specimen

Designation No.

Comments

USBR 5320 Method B or C ASTM C 127

Specific gravity and absorption plus No. 4

in 1 in 3 in

APPENDIX D

USBR 5330 or USBR 5335 ASTM D 2487

Gradation: minus No. 4

No. 4

5 lb

2.3 kg

1.1 lb

500 g

in

5 lb* 15 lb 100 lb 200 lb

4

2.3 kg* 6.8 kg 45 kg n/a 91 kg

USBR 5325 ASTM D 2487

Gradation: gravel sizes

in 1 in 3 in

479

480
Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 3 of 7 (footnotes at end of table) Nominal description of test Maximum particle size1,2,3 Practical field sample4 English Metric Recommended minimum test sample4 English Metric Required minimum test specimen Designation No. USBR 5350 LL - 1 point ASTM D 4318 USBR 5355 LL - 3 point ASTM (none) USBR 5360 Plastic limit ASTM D 4318 USBR 5365 ASTM D 427 Shrinkage limit 30 g** 20 g** No. 4 5 lb* 2 kg* 1.1 lb*, ** 500 g*, ** 100 g** **Air dried Two 8-g wet-weight specimens 100 g** Comments

FIELD MANUAL

*Or more, as required, to have 120 g of air-dried soil (150 g if shrinkage limit is included)

Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 4 of 7 (footnotes at end of table) Nominal description of test Dispersivity (crumb, pinhole, double hydrometer) Minimum and/or maximum index unit weight (wet or dry maximum) (Wet and dry maximum) No. 4, in or 100 lb 45 kg 25 lb 12 kg 25 lb, 12 kg Maximum particle size1,2,3 Practical field sample4 English Metric Recommended minimum test sample4 English Metric Required minimum test specimen

Designation No. USBR 5400 ASTM (none) USBR 5405 ASTM D 4647 USBR 5410 ASTM D 4221

Comments

APPENDIX D

No. 4

5 lb

2.3 kg

1.1 lb

500 g

500 g

USBR 5525 and/or USBR 5530 ASTM D 4564

1 or 3 in No. 4, in or

150 lb

68kg

75 lb

34 kg

75 lb, 34 kg

100 lb 200 lb

45 kg 91 kg

50 lb 150 lb

23 kg 68 kg

50 lb, 23 kg 150 lb, 68 kg

1 or 3 in

481

482
Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 5 of 7 (footnotes at end of table) Nominal description of test Laboratory compaction: minus No. 4 Laboratory compaction: gravelly soils (one specimen) 3 specimens USBR 5600 ASTM D 2434 Permeability minus No. 4 Permeability gravelly soils No. 4 3 in Maximum particle size1,2,3 No. 4 Practical field sample4 English 200 lb Metric 91 kg Recommended minimum test sample4 English 50 lb** Metric 23 kg** Required minimum test specimen 50 lb, 23 kg** Designation No. USBR 5500 ASTM D 2937 Comments

FIELD MANUAL

**Air dried

USBR 5515 ASTM (none)

3 in

350 lb*

159 kg*

350 lb*

159 kg*

225 lb, 102 kg *Or more as needed to have at least 50 lb of minus No. 4 and at least 50 lb of plus No. 4

900 lb 50 lb 350 lb*

409 kg 23 kg 159 kg*

900 lb 15 lb 350 lb*

409 kg 7 kg 159 kg*

900 lb, 409 kg 15 lb, 7 kg 225 lb, 102 kg

Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 6 of 7 (footnotes at end of table) Nominal description of test One-dimensional consolidation, Expansion or No. 4 15 lb 7 kg 3 lb 1.4 kg 1.5 lb, 0.7 kg Maximum particle size1,2,3 Practical field sample4 English Metric Recommended minimum test sample4 English Metric Required minimum test specimen

Designation No. USBR 5700 ASTM D 2435 USBR 5705 ASTM D 3877 USBR 5715 ASTM D 3877

APPENDIX D

Comments

Uplift

483

484
Designation No. USBR 5740 ASTM D 2850 Nominal description of test Triaxial K0 (usually performed in conjunction with other triaxial tests) UU USBR 5745 ASTM D 2850 USBR 5740 ASTM D 2850 USBR 5755 ASTM (none)
1 2

Weight of material required for individual soil tests - sheet 7 of 7 Maximum particle size1,2,3 No. 4 in 1 in No. 4 CU or CD in 1 in Practical field sample4 English 20 lb 100 lb 200 lb 65 lb 200 lb 700 lb Metric 9.1 kg 45 kg 91 kg 30 kg 91 kg 318 kg Recommended minimum test sample4 English 4 lb 50 lb 170 lb 16 lb 200 lb 700 lb Metric 1.8 kg 23 kg 77 kg 7.3 kg 91 kg 318 kg Required minimum test specimen 2 lb, 0.9 kg 45 lb, 20 kg 150 lb, 68 kg 8 lb, 3.6 kg 180 lb, 82 kg 600 lb, 273 kg

Comments One 2-in-dia specimen

FIELD MANUAL

One 6-in-dia specimen One 9-in-dia specimen Four 2-in-dia specimens Four 6-in-dia specimens Four 9-in dia specimens

Maximum particle size present in original sample. No. 4 fraction means either maximum particle in original sample was No. 4 or smaller or a representative portion of the minus No. 4 fraction of the original sample is required. 3 Metric equivalents are: No. 4 sieve - 4.75 mm, inch - 9.5 mm, inch - 19.0 mm, 1 inch - 37.5 mm, 3 inch - 75 mm and 5 inch - 125 mm. 4 To permit quartering, the field sample should be 4 times the required weight of the test sample. The test sample is sized to yield the required number of prepared test specimens.

APPENDIX D
Weight of material required for combinations of soil tests sheet 1 of 1 Minimum sample required English Metric

Test combinations 1

Maximum particle size2,3 No. 4

Laboratory classification (gradation, Atterberg limits)

G in
in 1 in 3 in

50 lb

23 kg

100 lb 200 lb 50 lb

46 kg 91 kg 23 kg

Physical properties Cohesive soil (gradation, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, laboratory compaction Physical properties Cohesionless soil (gradation, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, maximum and minimum index unit weight) Soil-cement (for 3 cement contents)

No. 4

G in
in 1 in 3 in No. 4 200 lb4 100 lb 91kg4 46 kg 100 lb4 46 kg4

G in
in 1 in 3 in 1 in

200 lb

91 kg

2,000 lb

908 kg

1 Assumes field sample will be used for more than one test. If sample is divided to provide separate test samples, add up values for individual soil tests. 2 Maximum particle size present in original sample. 3 Metric equivalents are: No. 4 sieve - 4.75 mm, G inch 9.5 mm, inch - 19.0 mm, 1 inches - 37.5 mm, 3 inches 75 mm, and 5 inch - 125 mm. 4 Or more, as needed to have 50 lb of minus No. 4.

485

FIELD MANUAL
In place density test requirements - test apparatus and minimum excavation Cohesive materials Maximum particle size (in) 1 3 5 8 12 18 >18 Minimum required volume (ft3) 0.25 0.5 1 2 8 27 90

Apparatus and template opening 8-in sand cone 12-in sand cone 20-in sand cone or 24-in-square frame 30-in square frame 4-ft-diameter ring 6-ft-diameter ring 9-ft-diameter ring

Determine on a case-by-case basis Cohesionless materials

1 3 5 8 >8

0.25 0.5 1 2 8

20-in sand cone 24-in-square frame 33-in-square frame 40-in-diameter ring 62-in-diameter ring

Determine on a case-by-case basis

486

APPENDIX D
Weight of material required for slope protection tests Minimum required sample English Metric Comments The minimum dimension of individual rock fragments selected should be at least 0.5 feet (15 cm). If source material quality is variable, the sample should include rock fragments representing the quality range of the source material.

Reclamation designation No.

6025 Design Standard No. 13

600 lb

275 kg

487

APPENDIX E USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS METRIC AND ENGLISH UNITS (INCH-POUND)

To convert units in column 1 to units in column 4, multiply column 1 by the factor in column 2. To convert units in column 4 to units in column 1, multiply column 4 by the factor in column 3. Column 1 inch (in) hundredths of feet foot (ft) mile (mi) square inch (in2) square foot (ft2) acre square mile (mi2) cubic inch (in 3) cubic feet (ft3) cubic yard (yd 3) cubic feet (ft3) gallon (gal) acre-feet (acre-ft) gallon per minute (gal/min) cubic foot per second (ft 3/s) cubic foot per second (ft 3/s) Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 millimeter (mm) millimeter (mm) meter (m) kilometer (km) square meter (m2) square meter (m2) hectare hectares cubic centimeter (cm2) cubic meter (m3) cubic meter (ms) gallon (gal) liter (L) cubic meter (m3) liter per second (L/s) gallons per minute (gal/min) acre-feet per day (acre-ft/d) acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) cubic meters per second (m3/s) cubic meters per year (m 3/yr) k, centimeter per second (cm/sec) kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3)

k, feet/year

Length 2.540 X 10 1 3.937 X 10-2 2 3.048 X 10 3.281 X 10 -3 3.048 X 10 -1 3.281 1.6093 6.2137 X 10-1 Area 6.4516 X 10-4 1.550 X 10-3 9.2903 X 10 -2 1.0764 X 101 -1 4.0469 X 10 2.4711 -2 0.386 X 10 259.0 Volume 1.6387 X 10-2 6.102 X 10-2 2.8317 X 10-2 3.5315 x 101 7.6455 X 101 1.3079 7.4805 1.3368 x 10-1 3.7854 2.6417 X 10-1 1.2335 X 103 8.1071 X 10 -4 Flow 6.309 X 10-2 1.5850 X 101 4.4883 X 102 2.228 X 10-3 1.9835 5.0417 X 10-1 2 7.2398 X 10 1.3813 X 10-3 2.8317 X 10-2 3.531 X 101 8.93 X 105 1.119 X 10-6 Permeability 9.651 X 10-7 1.035 X 106 Density 6.2429 X 10-2

pound-mass per cubic foot (lb/ft3)

1.6018 X 101

pound force per cubic foot (lb/ft3) pounds per square inch (psi)

0.157

Unit Weight 6.366 Pressure 1.4223 X 101

kilonewton per cubic meter (kN/m3) kilogram per square centimeter (kg/cm3) kiloPascal (kPa)

7.03 X 10-2 6.8948

ton pound-force

0.145 Force kilonewton (kN) 8.89644 1.12405 X 10-1 224.8096 kilonewton (kN) 4.4482 X 10-3 Temperature C = 5/9 (F - 32 ) F = (9/5 C) + 32 Grouting Metric bag cement per meter 3.0 0.33 U.S. bag cement per foot Water:cement ratio 0.7 1.4 water:cement ratio by weight by volume pounds per square inch 0.2296 4.3554 kilogram per square centiper foot meter per meter (kg/cm2/m) k, feet/year 0.1 10 Lugeon