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x
27 MPa
y
0,35
2,8 MPa
Fig. 11 The best comparable model
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Two models were created using the program. The geometry oI the
Iirst model corresponded to the experimental model. This model
was compared to the experimental results and then calibrated. The
second's model geometry corresponded to the geometry oI the
bridge segment. This model used parameters adopted Irom the expe-
rimental model. The results, like computed crack inclination and
crack width were compared to the crack pattern in the Kishwaukee
bridge. To calibrate the calculations meant to create many models,
each with diIIerent inputs. Parameter Ktt is one oI two parameters
which describe the so-called interIace element. This interIace ele-
ment allows one to deIine diIIerents Iriction between segments and
opening oI the joints in the case oI tension stresses. Model type #1
represented a monolithic structure and model type #4, a structure
with no Iriction between segments, and zero transIer oI shear stresses
across the joint. Types #2 and #3 lay between these boundary cases.
The best comparable EEM model to the experiment is in Eig. 11.
Each model was tested with Iour diIIerent values oI parameter Ktt
(Iour model types).
ConcIusions
The aim oI the project was the assessment oI stresses in the
damaged webs oI segments oI the southbound Kishwaukee river
bridge. The paper concentrates only on the web oI segment #2 (the
second segment Irom the pier segment). The relation oI the Iorce
versus crack width is in Eig. 13 Ior two boundary cases, K
tt
type
#2 and type #4. Eorce Vmin is the shear Iorce in the assumed web
just aIter completion oI the cantilever, and Iorce Vmax is the shear
Iorce due to all permanent and vehicular loads.
The insertion oI steel pins has improved the transIer oI shear Iorces
across the joints. The distribution oI shear stresses is more uniIorm
along the web's height, which corresponds with calculation type #2.
The shiIt oI shear properties due to the steel pins caused the current
behavior oI the structure to approach to the behavior oI model type
#2. ThereIore in order, to make the shear crack wider aIter retroIit,
greater shear Iorce is needed than beIore the retroIit. This is also
clear Irom Eig. 13, where it can be seen that the shear Iorce Vmin
causes wider shear cracks Ior model type #4 than Vmax Ior model
type #2. This was also conIirmed by the load test oI the bridge
(Halvonik, Jaroslav: Stress State Analysis oI Southbound Kishwaukee
Bridge, Habilitae Thesis, Bratislava, 2001.), when the cracks remained
passive under imposed testing load.
The assessed strains and stresses were obtained Irom the calculation
model
1
, whose crack inclination and crack width are comparable to tho-
se recorded in the assumed web oI the bridge see Eig. 14 and Eig. 15.
The results Irom experimental test served Ior the calibration and
adjustment oI the calculation model. In Eigs.13 and 14 extreme cases
oI behavior are shown, the so-called local extremes. Eor the stress
assessment in the web oI segment #2, average values oI crack width
and crack inclination were used. Erom the model type #4, the average
crack width was 0.5mm and the average crack slope is 20. This co-
rresponds to the average stress in shear reinIorcement
y
360MPa.
24
2003/2 PAGES 20 25
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MONITORING OF THE SHEAR RESISTANCE ...
Fig. 12 The best comparable model Fig. 13 Force-crack width diagram
1
Geometrv of the model corresponds to the geometrv of the bridge segment.
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25
2003/2 PAGES 20 25
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MONITORING OF THE SHEAR RESISTANCE ...
REFERENCES
DURIS, D.: An Experimental Investigation of the Shear
Capacitv of a Segmental Structure, Thesis , November 2002
CHANDOGA, M. - DURIS, D. - HALVONIK, 1.: An
Experimental Investigation of Shear Capacitv of a Segmental
Structure, Proceedings oI Eirst Bridge ConIerence, Kosice,
13. 15. March 2002
CHANDOGA, M. - DURIS, D. - HALVONIK, 1.: An
Experimental Investigation of Match-Cast Joint with Single
Shear Kev,Proceedings oI 3rd International ConIerence Concrete
and Concrete Structures, Zilina, 24. 25. April 2002
CHANDOGA, M. - DURIS, D. - HALVONIK, 1.: An
Experimental Investigation of Shear Capacitv of a Segmental
Structure with Consecutive Computer Analvsis, Proceedings oI
Concrete days 2002 , 18. 19. September 2002 , Bratislava
NAIR, SHANKAR R. - IVERSON, 1AMES K.: Design and
Construction of the Kishwaukee River Bridge, Special Report,
PCI Journal, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 22-47, 1982
WANG, MING L. - SAPATHI, DEBASHIS - LLOYD,
GEORGE M.: Monitoring & Damage Assessment of the
Kishwaukee Bridge, March 1999
HALVONIK, 1.: Stress State Analvsis of the Southbound
Kishwaukee Bridge, Habilitae Thesis, Bratislava, 2001.
CERVENKA, V. - 1ENDELE, L. - CERVENKA, 1.: ATENA
Program documentation, Part 1, Theory, Prague, May 17, 2000
Fig. 14 Force-stress diagram Fig. 15 Force-strain diagram
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