Introduction

Information Technology (IT) has been around since the 1990s when computer hardwares, softwares and telecommunication medium were used to be huge and slow. Trends nowadays have been upgraded since then and still going on until today and will be getting better and bigger in the future because with IT, the world changes. New smart phones, tablets, computers and many other IT equipments are coming out everyday and are always much better than before. There are transformation from computers to smart phones, data centre to cloud and email to social media. Organizations must have all these IT aspects to prepare for the future transformation. We can never judge what is going to be in the future and there might be a huge leap in very near future.

As trends going on now, graduate nowadays are having a really hard time to get a job. In mid 2011, a report shows that unemployment rate of 3.8% in the US were from the IT industry. We can say that a Diploma or Degree is insufficient for a graduate to get into an IT firm because of lack of knowledge. As we all know that in IT industry, everything moves very fast and there might be a big leap really soon. Graduates are not taught enough or not up to date plus there are so many competitors who already had years and years of experience in the industry. Anyone is very likely to be eliminated if they do not meet the requirements that an organization wants.

There are many organizations that are internationalizing their businesses every day. The organizations implement globalization to their business because this way can help them to expand their business further than they actually have. By going through this process, an organization can tap on foreign markets and resources so they can stay on the competition with other organizations. There are also organizations like IBM or VeriSign are creating tools for anyone to make their business global such as cloud computing. Globalization is also useful when it comes to efficiency. IT provides communication network and when its done globally, the organization gains efficiency to a whole new level. There are many channels to improving businesses. For example, sharing of ideas, exchanging information, sharing resources and support. These can provide information in a blink of an eye for an organization no matter in which country or city they are placed.

Weakness of IT students
There are many weakness that we all can see from IT students that is they are not outspoken or have the adequate management skills. Because of excessive facing of computer, the relationship between human and human is very weak. IT students 'talk' to computer more than human so much in a way they do not like to face humans and try to do everything with computers as much as they could. Most of the graduates are from knowledge-based school rather than skill-based school. This can affect how well a person can perform and especially creating teamwork between team members.

As the trend moving so fast, normal graduates couldn't catch up with the latest technologies either because of they are not taught with the latest equipments and softwares or the person himself didn't attend any training to improve the skills. This puts a lot of graduates at a lower place and less likely to be chosen to work in some organizations. These are undeniable facts because the competition is too huge that we cannot set a minimum requirements limit point.

Lastly, one weakness that majority of the IT graduates will have which is the lack of presentation and communication skills. Doing work with computer puts the IT workers in a situation where there is minimal human interaction. This causes the IT workers to be lack of communication skills and eventually cannot do a proper presentation.

Organizational analysis
Before a company decide to provide training to the employees, they need to go through an organizational analysis. This is also to obtain the factors of a company for a successful training programme. Factors that will affect a company to provide a successful training are financial support, for example, if a company without any financial support, it is hard for them to provide training to their employee. Through organizational analysis, they can determine the company goals, with this, company knows which employee should be trained and which candidates should be recruited. By this, they can know that which training will help to achieve those goals. Furthermore, it also enable a company to know which employees are willing and able to be trained. Besides that, this is also to identify what are the criteria and expectations from an organizations to hire a fresh graduate.Take a fresh graduate from Tunku Abdul Rahman College graduate applying for a Programmer job. There are a few requirements that organizations need when they are recruiting new employees which are : at least a Bachelor Degree / Diploma in Computer Science/IT or equivalent experience at least 1 year experience must know some basic programming language such as JAVA and C++

Task analysis
As a programmer who works in a software development firm, he needs to know how to design, write, test, maintain and debug programs. Sometimes they need to be able to work with different systems according to organizations preferences on computer systems. The competencies of a programmer is divided into 4 parts which are knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics. Knowledge mathematical knowledge of logic, algebra, calculus, statistics and their applications. in-depth knowledge of programming languages. able to design, write, test, maintain and debug programs. Skills must be able to provide solutions to problems efficiently. must have good communication and presentation skills. written skills such as writing specifications, documents and reports are necessary. Abilities needs to have the ability to determine customer needs. must be creative to come up new ideas and solutions with fluency. must be able to plan, organize and work within deadlines. Other characteristics must enjoy problem solving. able to cope with stress and working for long hours is important. must have updated knowledge and creativity.

Person analysis
Before conducting a training programme for employees, person analysis also has to be done to determine which employees need training in the corresponding areas of job. Based on the person analysis, not every employee needs to attend a training for every task performed. In order to determine the suitable candidate to send for training, several method has to be carry out. Surveys:A survey is made for the graduate's lecturer and coursemate, by both of them can provide useful information on training needs. Informations gather in the survey can be use to determine whether an employee need improvements on certain area of job. For example, an attitude survey. Interview:Interview is conduct for particular employees to receive the employee's self appraisal. On the other hand, the interviewee is able to observe the communication skill of the employee. The result of the interview may lead to developing a training programme for the employees or fresh graduate. Skill and Knowledge test:A person knowledge and skill can be observed through their job performance in the company. Based on the task analysis, a person can compare their current abilities and skill, and the skill they need in order to perform well in their job. In this case, a training need to develop in order to help the fresh graduate to equip with the KSAOs they need to perform their job in the future. After the person analysis is being done, it will be able to determine which individual is need to send for training to overcome their own weaknesses, as well to make sure they are able to perform well in their job in the future.

Training programme
According to all the problems that are faced by programmers and all the needs of the organization, the organization can appoint a training for their employees. Training can overcome weaknesses and help employees to gain more knowledge and skills to build up the KSAO. To develop a training programme, we need to know first the goals and objectives. According to the weaknesses of fresh graduates from TARC, which is they cannot perform good enough in presentation and communication. The objective of training is to get the fresh graduates to overcome these problems so they can more efficiently in the organization.

The only on-site training that can be implemented is learning through coaching and mentoring method. Coaching method is when a new employee that enter an organization is assigned to an experienced employee. This method provides a lot of flexibility in terms of time scheduling and financial commitment. The training also can be customized according to the employee such as the speed of learning and total training time. Mentor in the other hand looks after the new employees and make sure they do the tasks correctly. This can be a very good for fresh graduates because building the fundamentals are very important. With this training method, fresh graduates get to learn very quickly and get immediate feedbacks and create a really strong foundation for future. This method is very suitable to improve ones skills and confidence in a very efficient way because of the coach that trains closely with the trainee. Confidence can build up so they could learn to speak and increase presentation and communication skills.

For off-site training, fresh graduate can start off with seminar. In seminar, there is an expert giving information to a huge group of people. This way, many information can be shared out in the shortest time because of the one way communication. In a way, workers can also be motivated to try something that is taught because they watched the expert explaining how things work and try to be like them. In a seminar, the attendees can also meet new friends as during the training process. This can be a big advantage especially to IT workers because they need can work with the new friends in the future for some projects or even share new ideas and knowledge. This method can overcome the teamwork weakness as they may work in groups during seminars. They more they work in a team, the more teamwork and leadership skills they could learn from these events.

Secondly, fresh graduates can be trained by using programmed instructions. Programmed instructions are training which the trainee are provided with learning materials such as powerpoint slides, softwares or websites. There are instructions to show how to do something step by step and where to refer. Tests are also part of the programme to show how much the user learnt. This training can be adjusted according to the learning curve of the trainee and can avoid unfair comparison against other trainee. This method also can reduce human errors or condition problems because everything provided is unchanged across everyone who has the materials. Trainees can also repeat the whole learning process again until they understand fully. Once the materials are outdated, they could be updated or bought easily so the trainees can learn the latest information. This method overcomes the lack of updated materials that workers need and can be obtained easily.

Conclusion
After the training, them trainees are supposed to be evaluated to check whether what they have learnt is correct. The training can be evaluated by comparing the KSAO before and after the training. After the training, the KSAO must be improved and can perform better than before.

Based on the suggested training method, coaching and mentoring can build a stronger personality. With a coach, the trainee will have added self-esteem and confidence to boost themselves and increase productivity. Besides that, they will feel more committed and motivated after giving chance to be coached and to feel like there is someone to caring about them and guide them on how to work on their jobs. A coach also works as a motivator so the trainees are automatically motivated during the training process. The effect of coaching do not last for a very long time so it still depends on the individual motivation and performance.

Next, seminars are normally organized in a grand place like a hotel ballroom or a large beautiful hall with a very beautiful environment. This gives attendees a good impression and motivation to participate in the training. There will normally be more than one expert speakers in a seminar and this gives the trainee more information, ideas and thoughts of different speaker. In other words, there are a lot more thing learn in seminar. The speaker in during the seminar can also be an example to motivate the attendees because they could be one of them in the future. They can also be make new friends and can contact them if there is any problems in the future.

Lastly, with programmed instructions, the trainees are given instructions through a software or a book.The trainees are learning with their own pace so they feel comfortable to go through finish the training programme. Programmed instruction provides a fixed set of instructions. In this way, the teaching is not affected by factors such as human errors like sick instructors or left out any teaching materials.There will also be some questions along the way so the trainee can receive feedbacks and evaluate themselves immediately. If the answer is wrong, they can step a few steps back and correct what the have done wrongly.

In conclusion, training programmes are made for workers to learn something new and improve themselves. It is very useful especially to fresh graduate because it is very simple and gentle to them compared to going straight to work without any experience and learn from mistakes as the work. This can make them feel really suffering to work in that organization.

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References http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hinchcliffe/the-big-five-it-trends-of-the-next-half-decade
mobile-social-cloud-consumerization-and-big-data/1811 http://techunemployment.blogspot.com/ http://www.itworld.com/ITW010322globalization http://programmememers.stackexchange.com/questions/48976/what-is-the-biggestweakness-of-students-graduating-with-degrees-in-computer-sci http://job-descriptions.careerplanner.com/Computer-Programmers-2.cfm http://www.totaljobs.com/Content/Job-descriptions/IT/Programmer.html

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