American Journal of Scientific Research

ISSN 2301-2005 Issue 66 (2012), pp. 117-126

EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012
http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr.htm

Application of Extended Kantorovich Method in Deflection
Analysis of Thin Clamped Skew Plates on Winkler Foundation


Amin Joodaky
Corresponding Author, Young Researchers Club
Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak 38135567, I.R. Iran
E-mail: aminjoodaky@gmail.com

Iman Joodaky
Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch
Islamic Azad University, Arak 38135567, I.R. Iran

Mahsa Shahsanami
Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch
Islamic Azad University, Arak 38135567, I.R. Iran

Behnam Sobhani Aragh
Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch
Islamic Azad University, Arak 38135567, I.R. Iran

Alireza Habibi
Department of Civil Engineering
Islamic Azad University, Arak 38135567, Iran

Behrooz Abdoli

Department of Mathematics
Islamic Azad University, Arak 38135567, Iran


Abstract

Extended Kantorovich Method (EKM) which is an accurate approximate closed-
form solution, is applied for solving governing equation of thin skew plates with clamped
supports subjected to uniform loading on the elastic foundation of Winkler. By using a
weighted residual technique (Galerkin method) the governing forth-order partial
differential equation (PDE) is converted to two separate ordinary differential equations
(ODE) in terms of oblique coordinates system. Firstly An initial guess function which
shouldnt necessarily satisfy the boundary conditions is considered for obtaining the
constants of the first ODE. After solving the first ODE, second ODE and its constants are
achieved. Then the second ODE is solved for obtaining the first ODE and its constants.
This iteration is continued unless a good convergence is achieved. In every iteration step,
exact closed-form solutions are obtained for two ODE systems. It is shown that some
parameters such as angle of skew plate and stiffness of elastic foundation have an important
effect on the results. Also it is investigated that the method provides sufficiently accurate
results for deflections. Comparison of the deflections at the various points of the plates
show very good agreement with results of other analytical and numerical analyses.
Application of Extended Kantorovich Method in Deflection
Analysis of Thin Clamped Skew Plates on Winkler Foundation 118

Keywords: Extended Kantorovich Method (EKM); Bending analysis; Skew plate;
Uniform loading; Galerkin

1. Introduction
For the first time, Extended Kantorovich Method (EKM) introduced by Kerr [1] using the idea of the
well-known Kantorovich method [2] to obtain highly accurate approximate closed-form solution for
torsion of prismatic bars with rectangular cross-section. The method employs the novel idea of
Kantorovich to reduce the governing partial differential equation of a two-dimensional (2D) elasticity
problem to a double set of ordinary differential equations. Since then, EKM has been extensively used
for various 2D elasticity problems in Cartesian coordinates system. Among these applications, one can
refer to eigenvalue problems [3], buckling [4] and free vibrations [5] of thin rectangular plates, bending
of thick rectangular isotropic [6,7] and orthotropic [8] plates and free-edge strength analysis [9]. Most
recent EKM articles include vibration of variable thickness [10] and buckling of symmetrically
laminated [11] rectangular plates. Accuracy of the results and rapid convergence of the method
together with possibility of obtaining closed-form solutions for ODE systems have been discussed in
these articles and others [12]. Finally, a few articles consider polar coordinates and such as using the
EKM for sector plates [13]. All these applications of the EKM devoted and restricted to the problems
in the Cartesian and Polar coordinate systems. Among the open literatures, except previous studies of
the authors of the present article [14], no researcher has employed EKM in terms of Oblique
coordinates system. Based on other solution methods, several articles have studied bending, buckling,
vibration, stress and other analysis for skew plates in term of oblique coordinate system [15-20].
This study aims to examine the applicability of the EKM to obtain highly accurate approximate
closed-form solutions for 2D elasticity problems in oblique coordinate system. Deflection of thin
isotropic skew plates with clamp supports subjected to uniform loading and resting on the elastic
foundation as Figure 1 is considered. Application of the EKM together with the idea of weighted
residual technique, converts the forth-order governing equation to two ODEs in terms of X and Y in
Oblique coordinates. Both resulted ODEs, are then solved iteratively in a closed-form manner with
very fast convergence. Comparison of the deflection at the various points of the skew plate shows very
good agreement with the results of other valid literatures and Finite Element software of ANSYS code.


2. Analysis and Solution Method
2.1. Governing Equation
Skew plates as Fig.1 shows, has a parallelogram shape and could be considered in Oblique coordinates
system (X,Y). According to Figure 1, by comparing Oblique with Cartesian coordinates system (x,y), x
and X axes are overlapped but Y axis has rotated for the amount of than y axis. Later the relations
between Cartesian and Oblique coordinate system, introduced and then applied for converting
Cartesian to Oblique. The skew plate rested on elastic foundation, which works as uniform distributed
springs with modulus of k.









119 Amin Joodaky, Iman Joodaky, Mahsa Shahsanami,
Behnam Sobhani Aragh, Alireza Habibi and Behrooz Abdoli


Figure 1: Skew plate in oblique coordinate (X,Y) resting on the elastic foundation which works as springs
with stiffness of k.



The well-known governing equation for a thin isotropic plate, subjected to uniform lateral
loading and resting on elastic foundation in Cartesian coordinates system is [21-24],
4
( , )

=
q kw
w x y
D
(1)
in which w(x,y) is deflection function, q is the lateral uniformly distributed load, k is foundation
modulus and
3 2
/ (12(1 )) = D Eh
, is flexural rigidity. Factors of E,

and h are Youngs modulus,

Poissons ratio and thickness of the plate, respectively. In clamp-supports, deflection (w) and its first
derivative with respect to the normal direction of the boundary should be vanished. Noting Fig. 1, for
CCCC boundary conditions (C represents clamp support):
/ 0 = = w dw dX
for
0 = X
,
2 = X a

/ 0 = = w dw dY
for
0 = Y
,
2 = Y b
(2)
Note that length and width of plate are 2a2b respectively.

2.2. Iterative Solution by EKM
Kantorovich method, first assumes the multi-term deflection function of the plate as multiplied
separated single-term functions of both variables X and Y as,
( , ) ( ) ( ) X Y f X g Y
ij i j
w
(3)
where
( ) f X
i
and
( )
j
Y g
are unknown functions to be determined and subscripts i and j denote number
of iterations. According to the Galerkin weighted residual method, for Eq.(1), the Galerkin equation is,
2 2
0 0
4
( ) 0 + =

a b
D X w q kw wd dY
(4)
Assuming a prescribed function for
0
( ) Y g
, consider the following expression for
w
:
0
( ) = Y
i
g f w
(5)
Substitution of (3) into (4) in conjunction with (5) leads to,
( ) 0 0
0
2 2
0
0
4
( ) ( ) 0

(
+

=

b a
i i i
D f g q k f g Y dX g d f
(6)
Based on the variations principles, Eq.(6) is satisfied if the expression in the bracket is
vanished, hence,
( ) 0 0 0
2
0
4
( ) ( ) 0 + =

i i
b
D f g q k f g g dY
(7)
in which operator

is in the Cartesian coordinate (x,y), and has to be converted to the Oblique

coordinate (X,Y) by defining [24] ,
Application of Extended Kantorovich Method in Deflection
Analysis of Thin Clamped Skew Plates on Winkler Foundation 120

tan , / cos = = X x y Y y
(8)
Hence, by doing some mathematical manipulations:
2 2 2
2
2 2
1
( 2sin )
cos

= +


X Y
X Y
(9)
Considering Oblique coordination as relations (8) and (9), Eq.(1) could be obtained as,
( )
4 4
2
3 3
2 2
4 4 4
4
4 4 4
2 1 2sin 4sin
cos
( , )



+ +


=

| |

+ +
| `
|
\
)
+ =
X Y
D w w w w w
D
X Y X Y
X Y
X Y q
w kw
kw
(10)
Referred to Eq.(3), Eq.(10) turns to,
( )
( )
0 0
4
4 4
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
cos
cos ( . ) .

+ = X Y X Y
k
f g f g
D

( )
0
0
2
2
( )
( )
( ) 2
2 2
4
( )
4
2 1 2sin

+

Y
X
X
Y
X
g
f
f
g
Y X

0 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3
3
3 3
4sin
| |


|
+ +
|

\
Y Y
X X
g g
f f
Y X
X Y

0
0
4 4 4
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( , )
4
cos cos
( . )

+ =

g Y
f X X Y X Y
Y
q
D D
k
f g
(11)
Now referred to Eq. (7), Eq. (11) becomes,
( )
( ) ( )
0 0
4
2
4 4
0
0
cos
cos ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+
(

i i
b
k
f X g Y f X g Y dY
D
g

( )
4
2
2 2
2 0
0 0
0 0
2 4 2
( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( )
4 2 2
2 1 2sin
| |
| |
| + + +
|
|
\
\

b b Y X X
Y Y
A
A
d g d f d f
g dY g dY
dX dY dX

( ) ( )
1
3
2 2
0
0 0
0 0
3 3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
4sin 4sin
| |
| |
+ +
|
|
|
\
\

b b Y X Y X
Y Y
A
A
dg d f dg df
g dY g dY
dY dX
dX dY

5 0
2 2
0
0 0
0 0
4
4
( )
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
cos
| | | |
+ | |
| |
\ \
=

b b Y
Y X Y X
A
d g k
g dY f g dY f
D
dY
A

( )
6
2
0
0
4
( )
cos
| |

|
\

b
Y
A
q g dY
D
(12)
Using an arbitrary prescribed function for
0
( ) Y g
, as initial guess, all the constants of
i
A
could
be calculated and Eq.(12) turns into a forth order ODE as,
121 Amin Joodaky, Iman Joodaky, Mahsa Shahsanami,
Behnam Sobhani Aragh, Alireza Habibi and Behrooz Abdoli


( ) 0 5
4 3 2 1
4 3 2
6 4 3 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) + + + + + =
d f X d f X d f X df X
A A A f X A
dX
dX dX dX
A A A
(13)
Dividing both sides by A
4
, yields:
( )
5 0
6
4 4
4 3 2
3 2 1
4 3 2
4 4 4
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) + + + +
+
=
X X X X
X
X X X
A A A
d f d f d f df
A A A d
d d d
A A
A
f X
A A
(14)
The corresponding characteristic equation related to Eq.(14),
( )
5 0
3 2 1
4 4 4 4
4 3 2
0 + + + + =
+ A A
A A A
m m m m
A A A A
(15)
Eq.(15) has four complex roots as:
1 1
=
r
m a bi
that, r=1 to 4 and f(X) is expressed as,
( ) ( )
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
5
( ) cos( ) sin( ) cos( ) sin( )

= + + + +
X X a a
X C b X C b X C b X C b X C e e f
(16)
where
( )
5 5 6 0
/ = + C A A A
. After substituting double-term function of w(X,Y) with multiplied single-
term functions of f(X) and g(Y), the new forms of boundary conditions must be considered in terms of
single-term functions. For example new forms of boundary conditions of CCCC in (2),
( ) ( ) / 0 = = X X X f df d
for
0 = X
,
2 = X a

( ) ( ) / 0 = = Y Y Y g dg d
for
0 = Y
,
2 = Y b
(17)
Solving Eq. (14) in conjunction with the new boundary data leads to the first estimate of the
function
1
( ) X f
. Similarly, it is possible to continue the procedure by introducing the obtained function
1
( ) X f
to the Eq. (4). The new form of
w
is,
1
( ) = X
j
f g w
(18)
Similarly Galerkin equation,
{ }
1 1 1
2 2
4
0 0
( ) ( ) 0

(
+ =

j j j
a b
D f g k f g dX g dY q f
(19)
Again, in order to satisfy Eq.(19), the bracket should be vanished. Using the already obtained
1
( ) X f
for the expression in the bracket and integration with respect to X leads to the second forth-order
ODE in terms of
( )
j
Y g
as,
( )
4 3 2
0 5
4 3 2 1 6 4 3 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) + + + + + =
Y Y Y Y d d d d
B B B B B B Y B
dY
dY dY dY
g g g g
g
(20)
The corresponding characteristic equation related to Eq.(20) is,
( )
0 5 4 3 2 3 2 1
4 4 4 4
0 + + + + =
+
B B B
n n n n
B B B B
B B
(21)
Again Eq.(21) has four complex roots as
2 2
=
k
n a b i
and k =1 to 4 , so g(Y) is shown as,
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2
5
( ) cos( ) sin( ) cos( ) sin( ) + + = + +
Y Y a a
Y D b Y D b Y D b Y D b Y D e e g
(22)
where
( )
5 5 6 0
/ D B B B = +
. The process continues by solving ODE (20) together with the new boundary
data and obtaining the new prediction for
1
( ) Y g
. This finishes the first iteration for determination of
deflection function of w(X,Y). Eqs. (14), (20) are then solved iteratively and new updated estimates for
functions
( ) X
i
f
and
( )
j
Y g
are determined. Iteration procedure continues in the same way until a
Application of Extended Kantorovich Method in Deflection
Analysis of Thin Clamped Skew Plates on Winkler Foundation 122

reasonable level of convergence achieves. After calculation of deflection, one can determine all other
mechanical parameters in terms of deflection (w), i.e. stresses and moments using well-known
expressions presented elsewhere, see for instance, [21-24].


3. Results and Discussions
In the following sample example the fast convergence of parameters in Eqs.(16) and (22) during EKM
iterations and the effects of some parameters like skew angle on the deflection results are investigated.
Also in some cases, results are compared, with the results of the other investigations and FEM
modeling of ANSYS code. Consider a skew plate resting on the elastic foundation as Figure 1, and
subjected to the uniform loading with clamped boundary conditions. The following problem properties,
geometry and initial guess of
0
( ) Y g
are applied:
15 =

,
2 2 1 = = a b m
,
0.005 = h m
,
5
10 = k Pa
,
69 = E GPa
,
0.32 =
,
3
/ 10 = N m q
,
0
2 2 2
( ) ( ) = Y Y b g
(23)
Initial guess of
0
( ) Y g
does not need necessarily satisfy all of the boundary conditions. If we
wanted to consider f(X) as initial guess it could be
0
2 2 2
( ) ( ) = X X a f
. Values in the table 1 reveal that
the convergence of the method is very fast as there are no major changes after the second iteration.

Table 1: Convergence of parameters in Eqs (16) and (22) during iterative procedure of EKM.

Parameters
Iterations (i)
Parameters
Iterations (i)
i=1 i=2 i=3 i=1 i=2 i=3
1i
a

-4.3795 -4.3831 -4.3831
2i
a

4.3795 4.3831 4.3831
1i
b

-2.3606 -2.5048 -2.5048
2i
b

2.3606 2.5048 2.5048
1i
C

0.8535e-2 0.7737e-2 0.7737e-2
1i
D

-0.2328e-1 -0.2328e-1 -0.2328e-1
2i
C

-0.9655e-3 -0.1634e-2 -0.1634e-2
2i
D

0.4919e-2 0.4917e-2 0.4917e-2
3i
C

0.8535e-2 0.7737e-2 0.7737e-2
3i
D

-0.2328e-1 -0.2328e-1 -0.2328e-1
4i
C

0.9655e-3 0.1634e-2 0.1634e-2
4i
D

-0.4919 e-2 -0.4917e-2 -0.4918e-2
5i
C

-0.3726e-1 -0.3566e-1 -0.3566e-1
5i
D

0.1073 0.1073 0.1073

Table 2: Convergence of the deflection, in the center of the clamped skew plate (a, b) on the elastic
foundation.

Boundary Conditions
Deflection in the center of the clamped skew plate in every iteration (i)
i=1 i=2 i=3 i=4 ANSYS Code
CCCC -0.13671e-5 -0.13318e-5 -0.13319e-5 -0.13319e-5 -0.135e-5

Table 2 shows deflection results the center of the skew plate during the iterations with a
comparison with ANSYS code. Again, convergences of the results are so fast. Figure 2 shows 3D
illustration of deflecting the clamped skew plate on foundation.





123 Amin Joodaky, Iman Joodaky, Mahsa Shahsanami,
Behnam Sobhani Aragh, Alireza Habibi and Behrooz Abdoli


Figure 2: 3D diagram for deflections of the CCCC skew plate vs. X and Y axes which are defined in Oblique
coordinates system.



Figure 3: Comparison of deflection diagrams of the CCCC skew plate from ANSYS and present study.



In Figure 3, results are compared to the results obtained from modeled similar skew plate in
commercial version of ANSYS code that Element type of SHELL63 is considered.
Angle of phi () which is shown in Figure 1, is the factor that changes deflection function of
the skew plate conspicuously. Figure 4 shows the effect of phi () in term of degree, on deflection
function. When phi () is increasing, the non-opposite edges of the skew plate are closer to each other,
so deflection amounts decrease.

Figure 4: Comparison of deflection diagrams of the CCCC skew plate vs. X and Y axes in Oblique
coordinates system for different angle of phi () of the skew plate in term of degree.







Application of Extended Kantorovich Method in Deflection
Analysis of Thin Clamped Skew Plates on Winkler Foundation 124

Figure 5: Comparison of deflection diagrams of the CCCC skew plate vs. X and Y axes in Oblique
coordinates system for various foundation modulus (k).



The effects of foundation modulus (k) on the deflection results are shown in Figure 5.
Foundation modulus could have wide range of amounts, which are reported in [21]. According to
Figure 5, by incresing of foundation modulus, deflection amounts of the skew plates decrease. For
geometry and loading conditions as amounts of (23), it is clear that foundations with more than
k=1e7Pa, do not allow the skew plate to deflect.

Table 3: Deflections in the center of the skew plate with different plate dimensions for CCCC boundary
conditions

Boundary Conditions
Deflection in the center of the skew plate
a=1,b=1 a=1, b=1.5 a=1, b=2 a=1, b=3
CCCC -0.13319e-5 -0.23272e-5 -0.27073e-5 -0.28268e-5

According to Table 3, longer skew plates have larger deflection amounts. Skew plates could be
converted to rectangular plates by considering
0 =
[See Figure 1] and this study could cover
rectangular plates too. Table 4 compares deflection in the center of the SSSS (simply supported)
rectangular plate on the elastic foundation from [24], with present studies in condition of letting
0 =
.
Other geometry properties in (23) are also considered. Three various plate dimensions are employed
for better analogy.

Table 4: Comparison of the deflection, in the center of the SSSS skew plate (a,b) on the elastic foundation
for three different plate dimensions when
0 =
, with results of [24] for the SSSS rectangular plate
on the elastic foundation and similar geometry.

Deflection in (a, b)
a=1 , b=1
a=1 , b=2
a=1 , b=3
Present [24] Present [24] Present [24]
4
10

w

-0.0566 -0.0507 -0.12662 -0.12638 -0.1524 -0.1526

Results in the Table 4 show a good agreement between present studies with [24].


4. Concluding
Application of EKM based on Galerkin method could successfully obtain a highly accurate
approximate closed-form solution for deflection analysis of clamped skew plates resting on elastic
foundation and subjected to uniform loading. EKM iterative procedure extracts two sets of decoupled
ordinary differential equations in terms of X and Y in Oblique coordinates from the coupled forth-order
125 Amin Joodaky, Iman Joodaky, Mahsa Shahsanami,
Behnam Sobhani Aragh, Alireza Habibi and Behrooz Abdoli


partial differential governing equation of the main problem. The solution procedure then completes by
presenting an exact approximate closed-form solution for two sets of ODE systems in an iterative
scheme. It is shown, that the method provides very fast convergence and highly accurate predictions.
Angle of skew plates has an important role in deflection function. Modulus of foundation could change
deflection diagram obviously for different presented dimensions of the skew plate. Comparing to
results of other valid literatures and FEM software of ANSYS code, there are very good agreements
with the results of present studies in every case.


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