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The Gun Zone 5.56mm 'Prologue'

Part Fourteen...

5.56mm 1957-1962 5.56mm 1963-1964 5.56mm 1965-1966 5.56mm 1967 5.56mm 1968-1969

The 5.56 X 45mm: 2002-2003

A Chronology of Development by Daniel Watters
2002...
The ATK OICW is designated the XM29. Inspired by their SA80A2 refurbishment program, HK begins a detailed assessment of M16/M4 Carbine technical deficiencies. USSOCOM provides HK ten M4A1 carbines on loan as Government Furnished Equipment (GFE). The USAF awards a contract to Aimpoint for more than 20,000 CompM2 sights. Certain USSOCOM units and individual operators begin local modifications of the 4x Day Optical Scope (ACOG) and selected sniper scopes to utilize commercially available Miniature Red Dot (MRD) sights. The British MOD purchases 149 FN Minimi Para (L110A1) for issue to troops in Afghanistan. This number is later increased to 300. LSW Comparative Trials are restarted. The competitors include the L86A2, FN Minimi, HK MG43, IMI Negev, and Vektor Mini-SS. The Norwegian military awards a $3 million contract to Diemaco for unspecified small arms. The Danish Navy awards a $3 million contract to Diemaco for unspecified small arms. SME Ordnance Sdn Bhd resumes Steyr AUG production when the Malaysian government orders an additional 24,000 rifles worth RM84.5 million. Winchester introduces the .223 Winchester Super Short Magnum (WSSM). It is essentially a shortened and necked-down version of the Winchester Short Magnum (WSM) case. HK introduces a variant of their 40mm AG36 underbarrel grenade launcher for the L85-series. Once adopted, it is known as the L17A2

5.56mm 1970-1973 5.56mm 1974-1979 5.56mm 1980-1985 5.56mm 1986-1989 5.56mm 1990-1994 5.56mm 1995-1999 5.56mm 2000-2001 5.56mm 2002-2003 5.56mm 2004 5.56mm 2005 5.56mm 2006 5.56mm 2007 5.56mm 2008 5.56mm 2009 5.56mm Propellant 5.56mm FAQ - v1.14 5.56mm v. .223 Rem Flchette / SPIW Multiplex / SALVO Green Ammo TGZ Blog

Daniel Watters' suggested

in British service. (The L17A1 is used on the SAS' Diemaco C8-SFW, or L119A1.) HK begins development of a 4.6x30mm pistol. Early: The 5th Special Forces Group receives official approval for a Proof of Concept program to develop an Enhanced Rifle Cartridge (ERC). The ERC is intended to outperform existing 5.45x39mm, 5.56x45mm, 5.8x42mm, and 7.62x39mm cartridges. The project is led by MSG Steve Holland. January: TACOM awards a $60,385 delivery order to FNMI for M16A4. TACOM awards Colt $1,551,960 for 3,240 M4A1 Reliability Enhancement Kits. These kits are to improve the performance of the 3,240 M4A1 with heavy barrels previously purchased for USSOCOM. TACOM also awards Colt a $157,950 contract option for 243 M4. NSWC-Crane awards a $47,121 delivery order to FNMI for Mk 46 Mod 0. WSESRB extends approval for outdoors training use of 5.56mm frangible ammunition. The Deputy for Systems Management and Horizontal Technology, OASA(ALT) directs that the OICW and the OCSW have the same caliber and possibly be capable of firing the same ammunition. In response to the Deputy's request, the OCSW Program Office contracts with Altarum, formerly Vector Research Incorporation, to conduct a comparison study. The SOPMOD PMO is notified of an unrequested Congressional "PlusUp" of $1.46 million for Miniature Day/Night Sight development. TACOM awards a five-year contract to Aimpoint. The first delivery order worth $213,151.66 is for 603 M68 and related accessories. MARCORSYSCOM's Infantry Weapons Product Group issues a RFI for flash hiders for weapons of .50 caliber and less. These devices should be compatible with current weapon systems, in particular the M16A2, M249, M240G, and M2. The flash hider should significantly reduce the current flash signature, making the discharge of the weapon as close to invisible as possible to both the naked eye and third generation night vision devices. David Armstrong, on behalf of the US Navy, files a patent application for an adjustable sloping cheekweld buttstock that possesses storage chambers on either side of the stock. (This becomes the SCB issued in the SOPMOD kit.)

syllabus
The Black Rifle by R. Blake Stevens and Edward C. Ezell. Second Edition. Collector Grade Publications, Toronto, Ontario, 1992. The Great Rifle Controversy by Edward C. Ezell. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA, 1984. The M16 Controversies by Thomas L. McNaugher. Praeger Publishers, New York, NY, 1984. The History and Development of the M16 Rifle and its Cartridge by David R. Hughes. Armory Publications, Oceanside, CA, 1990. The SPIW: The Deadliest Weapon that Never Was by R. Blake Stevens and Edward C. Ezell. Collector Grade Publications, Toronto, Ontario, 1985. Black Rifle II: The M16 into the 21st Century by Christopher R. Bartocci. Collector Grade Publications, Cobourg, Ontario, 2004. The Last Enfield - SA80: The Reluctant Rifle by Steve Raw. Collector Grade Publications, Cobourg, Ontario, 2003. More by Daniel... Other of Watters' learned works-inprogress for TGZ include A Brief History of Flchette and Project SPIW, as well as .30 Carbine Wildcats and Miniguns and the Movies.

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Document History Publication: 12/10/1998 Last Revised: 05/17/2009

C-More's Ira M. Kay receives US Patent #D452,722 titled "Underbarrel shotgun." HK's Helmut Weldle and Gerd Spinner file an US patent application for the retractable buttstock design of the MP7 PDW. February: TACOM awards a $99,884 delivery order to FNMI for M16A4. TACOM awards FNMI a $83,303 contract for M249 production. TACOM deallocates $423,938 in a contract modification to FNMI for M249. NSWC-Crane, on behalf of the USMC, issues a sole-source solicitation to Winchester for 5.56mm Jacketed Frangible Cartridges. Intended for use in the M4A1 and M249, the quantity is for total number of cartridges that can be purchased for the amount of $4,825,313.19. An informal meeting is held at the 2002 SHOT Show between Remington's Sean Dwyer, Troy Lawton, and MSG Holland regarding the ERC/SPC project. TACOM awards a $76,415.15 delivery order to KAC for 133 M5 RAS and 133 M4 RAS. This is on behalf of the USMC. TACOM awards KAC a $71,835.89 contract option for assorted MWS parts. ARMS, Inc.'s Richard Swan files another patent application for the SIR system. Altarum begins a study to determine the feasibility of a common caliber for the OICW and the OCSW programs. NSWC-Crane, on behalf of USSOCOM, MARCORSYSCOM Ground Weapons, and the FBI, issues a sources-sought notice noting the reinitiation of the EGLM requirement. The EGLM is envisioned to replace the M203 in Special Operations Forces and possibly, the US Marine Corps and the FBI. The program seeks an EGLM that will demonstrate operational and technical improvements over the current M203-series grenade launchers. Although the currently fielded M203 40mm Grenade Launcher meets existing military performance specifications, the M203 has exhibited performance characteristics that do not meet SOF requirements when subjected to the extreme operational conditions imposed upon them by SOF operators. Specific M203 shortfalls include: 1. Barrel mount design degrades host weapon accuracy; 2. Quick Detach Mount is fragile and complex;

3. Cannot load cartridges longer than 138mm; 4. Unreliable in surf, sand, and mud; 5. Inaccurate, requires many costly rounds and hours to train; and 6. Most of current ammo stockpile is old and inaccurate. The program's objective is to rapidly field a quick attach/detach enhanced 40mm grenade launcher module that fires the current inventory of US and NATO 40x46mm ammunition as well as a new generation of enhanced, non-developmental munitions, to include programmable rounds. The core goal is increased day/night lethality, with first-round effect on target (objective), or secondround effect on target (threshold). The EGLM will possess a ballistic self-ranging sight and/or range finding and/or stadiametric ranging sight that is day/night capable. The EGLM must not attach to the barrel of the host weapon; instead, it will attach to a rigid 6:00 MILSTD-1913 rail on the host weapon. The EGLM must be capable of removal from the host weapon and fired in a stand-alone configuration, and should therefore have provision for a pistol grip and/or an accessory buttstock. The breech mechanism should open to the side rather than forward like the current M203. Side opening will allow the operator to chamber and fire longer NATO cartridges. Side loading will also facilitate reloading in difficult or awkward shooting positions. The barrel release latch and mechanical safety should be located in a position that will alleviate or eliminate inadvertent activation. The trigger mechanism must not require the operator to open the breech in order to cock or re-cock the weapon. Controls should be ambidextrous and intuitive. Improvements should also include improved reliability, durability, service-life, and ergonomics. The initial draft specifications for the EGLM are released for industry comment. NSWC-Crane awards a $49,036,961 contract to Wilcox Industries for M203 Day/Night Sight Mounts. MARCORSYSCOM announces its intent to purchase twelve each of FN's P90 (Universal 1913 Triple Rail variant) and HK's 4.6x30mm PDW (MP7). The PDWs are intended for head to head testing and experiments conducted by the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL) in support of Project Rifleman. March: TACOM awards a $1,389,301 delivery order to FNMI for M16A4. TACOM awards Colt a $86,450 contract option for 133 M4. These are intended for the USMC. ARDEC announces its intent to procure 60 barrels and 150 bolts for the M16 Rifle/M4 Carbine Long Life Barrel Program.

NSWC-Crane awards $55,680 and $145,556 delivery orders to FNMI for Mk 46 Mod 0. The PM-OICW issues a sources sought announcement for the execution of the System Development and Demonstration (SDD) Phase of OICW development. Altarum presents the report "Objective Crew Served Weapon Caliber Study" to JSSAP. The study recommends that: A common ammunition or round for the OICW and OCSW is not feasible; however, a common projectile (internal workings of the fuse and warhead) will be feasible; The two weapon systems should utilize the same fuse setting, range determination, and safe and arming mechanism; and The two weapon systems should have similar 25mm ammunition. Although Altarum determines that using similar 25mm ammunition for the OICW and the OCSW will increase the weight of the OICW, this approach will allow a reduced cost per OICW ammunition and would increase OICW lethality. Altarum also determines that the OCSW fuse is cheaper to manufacture than the OICW fuse by $5.48 per fuse. The US Coast Guard announces its intent to award a sole-source contract to Leitner-Wise Rifle Company (LWRC) to modify eight M16A2 rifles for their proprietary .499 LW cartridge. NSWC-Crane awards Wilcox Industries a $49,036,961 contract for the M203 GLD/NSM (AN/PSQ-18). Passed along to the US Army for testing with the M203E2 MWO, the AN/PSQ-18 also sees combat in Afghanistan and later, Iraq. NSWC-Crane, on behalf of USSOCOM and the FBI, issues a Commercial Agency Announcement (CAA) noting the re-initiation of the Family of Muzzle Brakes and Suppressors (FMBS) program. Intended for use with 5.56mm and 7.62mm weapons, the FMBS is planned to consist of four models: 1) Close Quarters Battle Receiver (CQBR), 2) Standard Model M4, 3) Special Purpose Receiver (SPR), and 4) Light Machinegun (LMG). The suppressor must reduce sound pressure levels by 25 decibels and decrease flash signature by 75 percent when mounted on the intended weapon system. It may not change point of impact more than 1.25 minutes (thresholds are 10 percent less than objectives). The quick attach/detach type suppressors will be suitable for precision, semi-automatic, and automatic firing. 5.56mm suppressors must not attach to 7.62mm weapons' muzzle brakes, although the reverse may hold true.

NSWC-Crane, on behalf of USSOCOM, issues a CAA for Miniature Day/Night Sight (MDNS) development. Improved/miniaturized versions, or alternative items are sought to replace or supplement the following SOPMOD subsystems, in order of priority: Group A, Passive Miniature Day/Night Sight Subsystems: 1) 3.5X-10X and 2.5X-8X Special Purpose Receiver (SPR) Sights, 2) Clip-On Night Vision Device (CNVD), 3) Miniature Night Vision Sight (MNVS), 4) ACOG Reflex Sight, 5) ACOG 4X Sight; and Group B, Active Miniature Day/Night Sight Subsystems: 1) Visible Bright Light (VBL), 2) Integrated Pointer/Illuminator Module (IPIM), 3) AN/PEQ-2 Infrared Laser Pointer/Illuminator (ITPIAL), 4) AN/PEQ-5 Carbine Visible Laser (CVL). MARCORSYSCOM issues a requirement for a Multipurpose Bayonet (MB). The potential order will run between 5,000 to 120,000 units. TACOM issues Ground Precautionary Message GPM-02-017 "Commercial 100-Round Magazine for Use in M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW)." During testing, rounds were sometimes left loose in the Beta C-Mag drums. Blank ammunition showed a very high stoppage rate. The message specifically recommends that the magazines not be used in an operational setting. TACOM awards KAC a $79,385.92 contract option for assorted MWS parts. April: TACOM awards FNMI a $399,740 contract option for 1,000 M16A2. These are for FMS to Bahrain. TACOM awards Colt a $76,840 contract option for 113 M4A1. These are intended for the US Navy and USAF. TACOM awards FNMI a $92,111.40 contract option for the production of 30 M249. TACOM awards a $65,453.30 contract modification to FNMI for 22 M249 for the USMC. NSWC-Crane, on behalf of USSOCOM, issues a CAA for vendors who can provide accessory parts and assemblies for performance improvements to the M16/M4-series rifles/carbines. Specifically required are Special Purpose Receivers (SPR) for both short and long range precision fire, with improved MIL-STD-1913 rail interfaces, as well as related improved weapons parts and assemblies. The latter improvements, listed in priority order of government interest, may include new and improved 1) magazines, 2) bolt assemblies/bolt carrier groups, 3) barrels, 4) upper receivers and upper receiver groups, 5) trigger, sear, and hammer sets, 6) ambidextrous weapon controls, 7) flip-up/spring-up front and rear iron sights, 8) front and rear pistol grips, 9) buttstocks, 10) bipods, and any other components of, or mechanical accessories to, the

M16-series/M4A1 carbines, with the exception of the lower receiver. NSWC-Crane also issues a solicitation for 40,686 boxes of Black Hills Ammunition 5.56mm, 77 grain long range SPR Ammunition. TACOM awards a $284,648.50 contract option to KAC for 500 M4 RAS and various MWS parts. MARCORSYSCOM, on behalf of the MCWL, issues a sole-source solicitation to Simunition for FX marking cartridges: 197,600 Red and 53,200 Blue. This solicitation is in support of MCWL's Project Metropolis (Millennium Challenge '02). May: The SOF Weapons Program is spun off from SOPMOD. Among the projects moved include the SPR, the SPR MBS, the long range SPR 5.56mm cartridge, and certain M4A1 carbine platform upgrades such as the EPS-2, HRM, and the Sloping Cheekweld Buttstock (SCB). TACOM awards a $44,040 delivery order to FNMI for M16A4. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to Colt for 25,764 M4 and 12,972,700 M4A1 Carbines. TACOM also issues a sole-source solicitation to Colt for 2,300 heavy replacement barrels and 2,000 upper receivers for use with M4/M4A1 carbines. NSWC-Crane awards a $28,800 delivery order to FNMI for Mk 46 Mod 0. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation to Black Hills Ammunition for 96,500 rounds of Mk 262 Mod 0. Remington's R&D Project Engineer, Greg Dennison, directs the production of sample ERC/SPC cases in 5.56mm, 6.5mm, 7mm and 7.62mm. Samples are provided with small and large primer pockets, along with some with case rims rebated to match the standard M4A1 boltface. The CF C7A2 update proposals are briefed to the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (3 PPCLI). FN's Charles Denuit receives US Patent #6,389,725 titled "Fire Arm with Forward Ejection or Ejection Brought to the Fore-part of the Fire Arm." The Philippine Armed Forces sign a contract for 402 FN Minimi costing P117.4 million. The Minimi had beaten out the Ultimax 100 and the Daewoo K3. TACOM-ARDEC and PM-Small Arms issues a requirement for Back-

up Iron Sights (BUIS). The BUIS shall provide a 300 to 600 meter capability on the modular versions of the M4 Carbine and M16A4 Rifle. ARDEC issues a solicitation for 14,100 to 64,100 Accessory Rail Kits for the M249. TACOM awards Center Industries a $787,000 contract for the production of 100,000 M16 thirty round magazines. KAC's Reed Knight and Doug Olson file patent application for an improved muzzle attachment that can serve simultaneously to reduce muzzle rise, recoil, and flash signature. The device can also serve as the attachment point for a sound suppressor. June: Milestone B is approved for the SPR and its long range 5.56mm cartridge. The SPR is type-classified under the designations Rifle, Special Purpose Mk 12 Mod 0 and Mk 12 Mod 1. The Mk 12series are designated marksman rifles built by NSWC-Crane armorers. The upper receiver is a mix of military and commercial parts, which is then mated to a M16A1 lower. The Mk 12 Mod 0 is recognizable primarily from its Precision Reflex, Inc. (PRI) free-float forearm. The Mk 12 Mod 1 use a KAC free-float RAS forearm. The Mod 1 evolved from the earlier SPR/A and SPR/B, which varied primarily as to which Leupold Vari-X III scope was mounted (3.510x versus 2.5-8x, respectively). The current Mk 12 Mod 1 reportedly uses a Leupold 3-9x. The issue ammunition for the Mk 12 SPR is the 5.56mm Special Ball, Long Range Mk 262 Mod 0 (using the 77 grain Sierra MatchKing). The Mk 262 is the end product of accuracy testing which started with 27 different commercial match projectiles. The projectile choice was eventually narrowed to three: the 73 grain Berger LTB (Length Tolerant Bullet), the 87 grain PRL (Powell River Laboratories), and the 77 grain Sierra MatchKing. Availability issues with the first two manufacturers resulted in the Sierra MatchKing being chosen. To date, Black Hills Ammunition is the sole source of the Mk 262 Mod 0; however, there are indications that Lake City will begin loading the ammunition. The Mk 262 Mod 1 will reportedly use either the 77 grain Sierra MatchKing or the 77 grain Nosler Custom Competition (formerly, the J4 OTM). The main difference will be the introduction of a cannelure. Use of the Mk 262 Mod 0/1 has since filtered down to other 5.56x45mm weapons in USSOCOM's inventory. The Mk 262 Mod 1 has also been adopted by certain USMC units for use in their M4/M4A1 Carbines. TACOM-ARDEC issues a sources sought announcement to identify enhancements for the M4/M16 series of weapons. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to: 1) Reliability/Durability - bolt carrier assembly and upper receiver/barrel improvements - to reduce failures to feed/extract and increase the service life of these parts; 2) Accuracy - forward MIL-STD-1913 rail system with free-

floating barrel (M203 and sling attachment to rail system), more consistent trigger pull, repeatable accessory rail mounts - to improve system accuracy at extended ranges for individual targets; 3) Survivability - reduced flash and IR signature, faster target acquisition/engagement - to reduce visibility and exposure time to enemy fire; 4) Ergonomics - ambidextrous controls, adjustable front/rear pistol grip geometry, buttstock cheek weld, folding/detachable front sights, balance/controllability, reduced weight, battery storage - to enhance soldier/weapon interface; 5) Maintenance - corrosion resistance, ease of cleaning, shot counter to reduce/simplify maintenance requirements. No modifications to the standard lower receiver are anticipated. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to Colt for the production of M4 and M4A1 Carbines. TACOM orders nine M4A1 Reliability Kits for shipment to Picatinny Arsenal for further testing. The ECP for the Improved Buttstock is reincorporated into the contract for a total of 8,128 stocks. TACOM-ARDEC issues a sole-source solicitation to Nammo for 5,371,221 to 7,471,221 M995 AP cartridges. ARDEC issues a sources-sought notice for commercial or militarized optical devices to enhance the performance of the M4/M16 series of weapons. The devices should improve long-range target engagement, while not degrading the existing capability to rapidly engage targets at short ranges. Performance to 500 meters is required. MARCORSYSCOM's Infantry Weapons Product Group issues a RFP for 1,208 M249 complete feed tray covers with MIL-STD-1913 Universal Mounting Rails, in support of the M249 SAW upgrade. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to KAC for 25,000 M4 Rail Adapter Systems, 28,000 M5 Rail Adapter Systems, and 9,300 M203 Quick Release Brackets. TACOM-ARDEC issues a source-sought announcement to identify qualified sources with the capability to evaluate the existing manual process, procure, and assemble 4,000 NDI M249 Collapsible and Adjustable Buttstocks. The collapsible buttstock must be a selfcontained assembly, able to retain a vertical orientation of the buttstock throughout its entire length of travel, while incorporating the standard hydro-pneumatic buffer. It must also be compatible with all other components of the M249, assemble to and disassemble from the weapon in the same manner as the M5 buttstock, and exhibit durability equal to, or better than, the M5 buttstock. It must not change the cyclic rate of fire of the M249. Furthermore, it required to demonstrate MOUT capability at least as good as the M249 when equipped with the M5 buttstock, provide at least one intermediate locking position from which the weapon can

be fired, provide a device to allow the weapon to rest on the user's shoulder similar to the flip up piece on the existing M5 buttstock, and possess a locked position when extended. The overall length of pull must be approximately 15.25 inches when extended, with a collapsed length of pull not to exceed approximately 12.00 inches (required) or 10.25 inches (desired). NSWC-Crane issues a solicitation for 5 to 40,000 shot counting devices suitable for special operations training and combat use. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation notice to KAC for 300 Compensators and various RIS/MWS spare parts. MARCORSYSCOM's Infantry Weapons Product Group issues a RFP requesting improved flashhiders for the M2, M240G, M249, M16A2, M16A4, and M4. CECOM and PM-Soldier Sensors issue a market survey notice for an Infrared/Visible Aiming Light/Illuminator (ILWLP). This device will provide an infrared aiming laser, a visible aiming laser, a fixed-beam white light, and an infrared illuminator. The device will have dual activation controls and be capable of operating both infrared or both visible beams simultaneously. The device must be able to mount on a US Army Standard Rail (MIL-STD-1913) using an interface device (rail grabber). NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation notice to Simunition for 100 M4A1 FX conversion kits. Magpul's Richard Fitzpatrick and Stephen Hines file a patent application for a modular adjustable buttstock (now marketed as the M93). Colt's Vincent Battaglia files a patent application for a new eightposition rail system which replaces the handguard caps and mounts the rails above the existing M4 handguards. July: TACOM awards Colt a $18,468,365.60 contract for the production of 25,764 M4 and 300 M4A1 Carbines for the US Army, USAF, and Foreign Military Sales (FMS). NSWDG issues a solicitation for a variety of weapon parts including 24 Mk 46 barrels, 10 stainless 16" barrels for the M4A1 Recon Rifle upper receiver, 14 Long Rifle RAS Assemblies, and 14 Match 2-Stage Triggers. NSWC-Crane issues a solicitation for 17,972,760 to 69,134,200 rounds of 5.56mm Frangible Ammunition. Reports surface regarding the unreliability of the refurbished L85A2 and L86A2 in Afghanistan. Allegations are made that the 2001 InService Reliability Trials in Kuwait were fixed. Hessian matting was

reportedly laid on the test ranges to protect the rifles. Exposure of the weapons to sand was further minimized by keeping them inside protective bags whenever the weapons were not being fired. The price of the upgrades has now topped 92 million. TACOM awards KAC a $694,575 contract option for assorted MWS parts. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation notice to Okay Industries for 10,000 High Reliability Magazines (HRM). NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation notice to KAC for 803 Suppressor Compensators. NSWC-Crane issues a solicitation for 2,020 Tenebreax anti-reflection devices for the AN/PVS-17A MNVS, and 1,400 Tenebreax killflash anti-reflection devices for 4x ACOG scopes. The USMC Northeast Regional Contracting Office issues a solicitation for M4 SESAMS Barrel Kits, with Carrying Handle/Sight assemblies. C-More's Ira Kay receives US Patent #6,418,655 titled "Underbarrel Shotgun." C-More's Ira M. Kay files another patent application for the LSS accessory shotgun. On behalf of the US Navy, Michael M. Canaday and Mark R. Whalen file a patent application for an adjustable back-up iron sight for the M4 and M16A4. USAF Space Command, Patrick AFB - 45 CONS issues a solicitation for 32 Trijicon TA31F ACOG and 16 Trijicon RX01NSN reflex sights. August: Picatinny's PM-Small Arms (PMSA) is reorganized as PMSoldier Weapons (PMSW). TACOM awards FNMI a $1,998,700 contract option for 5,000 M16A2. These are for FMS to Nepal. TACOM awards FNMI a pair of $79,948 contract options for 200 M16A2 apiece. These are for FMS to Jamaica and Bahrain. The M4A1 SOPMOD OCONUS Performance User Review and Special Purpose Rifle (SPR) Capabilities Upgrade Conference is held. The majority of users prefer the Mk 12 Mod 0 over the Mk 12 Mod 1 in part due to ergonomic reasons. In contrast, the SPR builders uniformly prefer the Mk 12 Mod 1 due to ease of construction. However, there are some disgruntled users, particularly in the SEAL community, who really wanted a lighter 16" barreled Recon/"Recce" carbine instead of a heavy, militarized match rifle.

NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation to Black Hills Ammunition for 1,138,160 to 18,868,200 rounds of 5.56mm, 77 grain long range (LR) ammunition (P/N D223N9). Later, NSWC-Crane issues another sole-source solicitation to Black Hills Ammunition for 14 cases of 5.56mm Subsonic Cartridges, and 31 boxes of Mk 262 Mod 0 ammunition. PEO-Special Programs recharters the SOPMOD program. Now all future accessory upgrades must consider compatibility with other weapons in USSOCOM inventories. NAVICP issues a solicitation for 1,426 M4QD sound suppressors. NAVICP issues a solicitation for 1,400 TA01M4A1 ACOG. ACA-Fort Lewis issues a solicitation for 40 Optical Gun Sights for use on the M16 Rifle Family. USAF Space Command, 45th CONS - Patrick AFB issues a solicitation for 35 each KAC M16QD sound suppressors and Streamlight M3 weapon flashlights. These will be used with GAU-5. On behalf of the US Army, Gary J. Houtsma files a patent application for a semi-permanent back-up iron sight for the M4 and M16A4 that can be mounted to the firearm at the same time as a M68 CCO or other sight. September: PM-Soldier Weapons issues a memorandum of urgent requirement for the development of the XM8 lightweight carbine. The memorandum was based on the ongoing requirement of PEOSoldier to lighten the weight of equipment carried by warfighters. Citing the urgent requirement, PM-Soldier Weapons has the OICW contract modified to include the XM8. The USMC announces its intent to replace the M16A2 with the flattop M16A4. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to FNMI for 5,000 M16A2 rifles. The MCWL's Project Metropolis (ProMet) team begins the second experiment in the "Tactical Warrior" series. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether the inclusion of riflemen trained to perform the functions of a Squad Advanced Marksman (SAM) will enhance the operational effectiveness of the infantry platoon. Using forces from III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF), the training and testing are held at US Navy and USAF ranges, along with a closed housing area of Andersen AFB, Guam. Prototype M16 rifles, designated the SAM-R, are used as a surrogate for a future service rifle. Built by the Precision Weapons Section at Weapons Training Battalion, Quantico, VA, the prototype SAM-R features a free-floated

stainless steel match heavy barrel with 1 in 7" twist, a detachable bipod with swivels, a M16A1 trigger group with the automatic sear removed, and a forearm with MIL-STD-1913 rails. The optics tested are the Trijicon TA31F ACOG and the AN/PVS-17B. TACOM-ARDEC awards a $11,183,492 contract to Nammo for the production of 7.62x51mm and 5.56x45mm AP ammunition. NSWC-Crane awards a contract worth up to $9,205,500 to Black Hills Ammunition for 35,000 to 10,000,000 rounds of 5.56mm Reduced Ricochet Limited Penetration ammunition The USCG awards Leitner-Wise Rifle Company a contract to supply .499 LW upper receiver conversions, ammunition, and Meprolight reflex sights. TACOM awards Colt a $54,626.40 contract for 3,240 'H2' Buffer Assemblies for the M4A1 Reliability Kits. The H2 is heavier than the previous 'H' buffer used in the M4 due to the use of two tungsten weights with a single steel weight. The 'H' buffer possesses only one tungsten weight with two steel weights. ARDEC awards a $1,039,500 contract to Matech, Inc. for Backup Iron Sights. Todd Griffin, on behalf of R/M Equipment, receives US Patent #6,453,594 titled "Apparatus for Attaching a Supplemental Device to a Minimally Altered Host Firearm." Fall: Diemaco introduces a variant of its C7CT requested by the Canadian military for use as a sniper spotter's rifle. The new model is dubbed the CFCT (Canadian Forces Custom Tactical). October: ARDEC awards Alliant Techsystems (ATK) with a contract modification to the XM29 OICW program. The 5.56mm NATO KE Module is to be developed further into the XM8 Lightweight Assault Rifle. The XM8 is intended to replace the M4 carbine for issue to the "Objective Force Warrior." The MWS equivalent for the XM8 is later titled the Multiple Attachment Point System (MAPS). TACOM awards a $1,957,720.30 delivery order to FNMI for 4,264 M16A4 rifles. These rifles are for the USMC. TACOM deallocates a total of $25,977 over six contract modification to FNMI for M16A4. NSWC-Crane awards a $81,957 delivery order to FNMI for Mk 46 Mod 0. The MCWL's ProMet team concludes the Squad Advanced Marksman (SAM) experiment.

KAC's Doug Olson files patent applications for an improved M16 bolt and an improved bolt catch actuator for use with the SR47. The EGLM project office issues a combined synopsis/solicitation seeking working demonstration samples of EGLM candidates. Only two candidates are submitted: HK's AG-C (a AG36 variant) and a model from ISTEC Services Ltd. The 10th Mountain Division, deployed in Afghanistan, issues an "Urgent Operational Need" statement requesting a shotgun attachment for their M4 Carbines. Such an attachment would eliminate the need to carry a separate weapon to support non-lethal and door-breaching requirements. NAVICP issues a solicitation for five TA01M4A1 ACOG. NAVICP awards KAC a $891,405 sole-source contract for 1,395 M4QD suppressors. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation notice to Okay Industries for 650,000 magazines. Later that month, TACOM awards a $3,874,000 contract. TACOM awards an $83,016.60 contract to Okay Industries for 10,002 thirty round "High Performance Select" magazines. These are for shipment to Fort Bragg. TACOM awards a $151,470 delivery order to Polymer Technologies for 5,100 M249 100 Round Soft Pack Magazines. November: Colt reorganizes as two companies. Colt's Manufacturing Company will manage civilian production and sales, while the defense side of the business will be handled by Colt Defense. A system requirements review is held for the XM8. The OICW Program Office informs ATK and HK that no specific weapon requirements exist for the system. Consequently, the OICW Program Office negotiates the specifications with ATK and HK. TACOM awards a $12,566,590.54 delivery order to FNMI for 27,377 M16A4. These rifles are for the USMC. The USAF begins accepting delivery of flat-top M4 fitted with the M68 CCO to replace their stocks of M16/M16A2 rifles and GAU5/GUU-5 carbines. (Note: The USAF's GAU-5 series started with the original XM177, and consists of three variants differing primarily in barrel length. The models are the GAU-5A, GAU-5A/A, and GAU-5P. (A GAU-5A/B, or more properly a GAU-5B/A, is referenced by one source, but its existence has not been confirmed.) The GAU-5P is the longest, equipped with a 14.5" barrel. Many of the older weapons were eventually converted to this variant when an

individual weapon required rebarreling. Several years back (1997?), the GAU-5 still in USAF service were eventually upgraded with a 14.5" M4-configuration barrel using a 1-7" twist. These upgraded models were redesignated GUU-5P.) CIS' Tuck Wah Chee and Felix Tsai receive US Patent #6,481,144 titled "Firearm." NATO's Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD) is forced to cancel the scheduled selection of a PDW cartridge for NATO standardization. Due a lack of consensus on how to evaluate the ETBS report and questions regarding ETBS' conduct of the trials, the NATO Army Armaments Group (NAAG) is forced to form a Quick Reaction Team (QRT) to independently examine the report and conduct further testing as necessary. Program Executive Office-Soldier's commander Col. James R. Moran challenges the PM-Soldier Weapons office to produce 40mm thermobaric cartridges within four to six months. TACOM awards a $9,780 delivery order to LMT for 200 M203A1 modification kits. These are for FMS. HK's Berthold Weichert, Jurgen Gablowski, and Gerhard Gielke are awarded US Patent #6,481,145 titled "Grenade Launcher." NAVICP awards KAC an additional $8,946 sole-source contract for M4-QD suppressors. TACOM awards a $611,622.07 delivery order to Aimpoint for 2,400 M68 and related accessories. NAVICP issues a solicitation for 232 TA01M4A1 ACOG. TACOM awards a $30,150 contract to Trijicon for 40 TA01NSN ACOG. These are for FMS to the Philippines. Diemaco's David Compton files an US patent application for the TRIAD clamp-on accessory rails. December: During the XM8 preliminary design, ATK and HK request clarification on 15 of the requirements negotiated for the XM8 system. In addition, ATK and HK propose system specifications for meeting some of those requirements. These specifications are accepted for use in developing the weapon. TACOM awards a $74,361.24 delivery order to FNMI for 162 M16A4. TACOM modifies its M4/M4A1 contract with Colt for a net increase of $1,212,568.72. Additional quantities are procured for the US Army, while the USAF's order is slightly reduced.

NSWC-Crane, on behalf of the USMC MTU, issues a solicitation for 1,520 cases of Black Hills 5.56mm Match Ammunition, 77 grain with moly coating. A consortium of German investors purchase HK from BAe/RO. TACOM-ARDEC issues a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for JSSAP, in support of the Objective Force Warrior (OFW) program. The purpose of this BAA is to solicit proposals for component technologies that will support the development of a Lightweight Family of Weapons and Ammunition (LFWA). The LFWA will provide the Lethality component of the OFW program. The initial focus of the LFWA program will be on developing lightweight machine guns and ammunition. The objective is a "clean sheet of paper" approach that will yield technologies (weapon and ammunition) that are reproducible in mass, robust, easy to operate and maintain, and reliable under all conditions, while taking up less volume and weighing 30-35 percent less than current systems. Proposals submitted under this BAA shall be limited in scope to a 12-month effort. Submitters are urged to focus their efforts on individual component technologies that will help dramatically reduce the size and/or weight of individual and crew-served weapon systems while maintaining current performance. Improvements may evolve from technologies developed for other weapon systems or from applications not used previously in the weapon and ammunition arena. Also, technologies may reveal applications of old ideas which technological barriers heretofore prevented. Congress, on behalf of OPS Inc., requests that the DOD's Inspector General audit the recent sole-source awards to KAC for M4-QD suppressors. Not only is the justification for the sole-source awards called into question, OPS Inc. alleges that their Special Purpose Receiver suppressor is superior to the KAC design in terms of accuracy, cost, loudness, and operational suitability. TACOM awards $11,426,587.46 of a $29,300,000 contract to KAC for MWS components and assorted spares. The first delivery order includes 1,500 M4 RAS, 27,377 M5 RAS, and 2,000 vertical pistol grips. TACOM awards a $126,555 contract option to Bestwork Industries for the Blind Inc. for 5,500 M16 MWS Sling Adapter Kits. MARCORSYSCOM awards a $214,150 contract to Ontario Knife Company for the Multi-Purpose Bayonet (MB). ARMS, Inc.'s Richard Swan receives US Patent #6,490,822 titled "Modular Sleeve," and US Patent #6,499,245 titled "Modular Sleeve Yoke." HK's Johannes Murello and Wilhelm Fischbach receive US Patent #6,487,806 titled "Weapon Housing System for an Automatic

Loading Firearm."

2003...
Several changes are afoot; many in part due to the run up to, and the aftermath of, the Second Gulf War. New SEP inspired by Urban Operations (UO) include an improved 40mm grenade launcher, to be named the XM320. (Not surprisingly, a variant of the HK AG36 is being pushed as a companion for the G36-based XM8. The eventual winner in USSOCOM's EGLM trials will be a likely shoo-in for the XM320 contract as well.) C-More's Lightweight Shotgun System (LSS) is being revived for use in door-breeching. Candidates for the Multipurpose Optic (MPO) requirement appears to be a C-More produced 1-5x variable scope and the Leupold Mk 4 CQ/T 1-3x variable. The MPO concept is to mix the short-range advantages of the M68 CCO with the longer-range capabilities of a Trijicon ACOG, while knocking out the disadvantages of either. SOPMOD PMO receives an unrequested $3,600,000 from Congress for the purchase of additional AN/PVS-17A MNVS. All M4A1 procured by the DOD now come from the factory with a special heavy barrel installed. Daewoo introduces the bullpup DAR-21 rifle. The British MOD purchases an additional 700 FN Minimi Para (L110A1) prior to the invasion of Iraq. The MOD also purchases 600 L17A2 grenade launchers from HK. Sweden begins troop trials of the modified Ak5CF. 300 rifles have been modified to the experimental standard. Changes over the basic Ak5 include: Increased reliability: MRBS >2,000 Colored black instead of green MIL-STD-1913 rail on the upper receiver New flash hider with better flash suppression Only one gas port position Permanent bayonet lug for the Ak4 (HK G3) bayonet New hand guard with rail at 6 o'clock Adjustable buttstock New ambidextrous selector lever New pistol grip Automatic bolt catch

Transparent plastic magazine Removable forward grip New tactical sling Removed existing iron sights and previous bolt catch The Turkish military cancels its contract with MKE for the HK 33. Depending upon the source, only 50,000 to 80,000 were accepted by the Turkish military. The Mexican Navy lists the allocation of funds for the development of an indigenously designed rifle. It is projected for adoption in 2004 or 2005. January: NSWC-Crane issues a RFI for a SOF Combat Rifle (SCR) to replace the M4A1 carbine. The design is to be modular, allowing for multiple caliber conversions and configuration modifications to match divergent mission needs. "Draft" Key Performance Parameters of the SCR include:
Requirements (Threshold) (Objective)

Corrosion Resistance Mean Rounds between Stoppage Mean Rounds between Failure Accuracy (MOA) Effective Range

4 days

10 days

2,000

4,000

15,000 1.5 @ 300 meters

30,000

1 @ 400 meters

Point Targets 500 meters Area Targets 600 meters Life Cycle (time before overhaul) Modularity (Caliber) 5.56mm 15,000 rounds

600 meters 700 meters 90,000 rounds

TBD (7.62x39mm/5.45X39/6.8x43mm)

Adaptable to SOF mission scenarios: (Mission) CQB/OTB/General Combat/Long-range Precision fires.

TACOM awards FNMI a $449,307.76 contract option for 1,124 M16A2. These are for FMS. TACOM awards $14,689 and $195,084 delivery orders to FNMI for M16A4. TACOM awards Colt a $331,975.28 contract option for 364 M4 Carbines. NSWC-Crane awards a $33,884 delivery order to FNMI for Mk 46 Mod 0. PEO-Soldier briefs the Army Acquisition Executive ASA(ALT) Claude M. Bolton Jr. on a new approach for incrementally developing the OICW subsystems. The PEO proposes maturing two separate but parallel capabilities: the kinetic energy system (XM8 [Increment I]) and the stand-alone, high explosive, air bursting system (XM25 [Increment II]). The MCWL publishes "Project Metropolis Tactical Warrior Experiment: Phase Two (Guam, USA): Squad Advanced Marksman (SAM) Experiment After Action Report." Results indicate that the combat optics can dramatically improve first round hits on targets at unknown ranges, and greatly increases target identification capability for shadowed targets and during low light conditions. The authors recommend that every infantry fire team could benefit from a SAM equipped with optical sights. The US Navy Office of the Judge Advocate General (OJAG) completes its interim legal review of the Federal 5.56mm frangible cartridge (DODIC AA40). The review limits the use of the cartridge for training use only. However, request for limited operational use of the frangible round will be reviewed by JAG on a case by case basis. HQ, 5th SFG sends the memo "Mission Needs Statement (MNS), Advanced Rifle Cartridge (ARC)." A ballistic review of the 6.8x43mm SPC is conducted for the US Army's Judge Advocate General. This eventually leads to the approval for combat use of Hornady and Sierra OTM projectiles, and opens the way for a Limited User Assessment (LUA). India announces a $20 million contract with IMI for the bullpup Tavor rifle. The Tavor is intended to replace the troubled INSAS rifle along with a large number of Romanian AKM rifles purchased as a stopgap in 1995. HK's Ernst Wssner files an US patent application for the cocking handle system for the MG4, which allows the bolt to be locked in any position along the length of its travel.

TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation and then awards Okay Industries a $1,788,000 contract option for 300,000 magazines. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation and then awards FNMI a $1,059,085.48 contract option for 1,594 short barrels for the M249. TACOM awards a $379,804.32 delivery order to KAC for 6,433 vertical pistol grips and 12,866 nine-rib rails covers. NSWC-Crane issues an open solicitation for the FMBS. This will comprise up to 22,000 suppressors and accessories. NAVICP issues a sole-source solicitation to KAC for M4-QD suppressors. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation notice to OPS Inc. for 65 3rd Model 5.56 Carbine Muzzle Brake Suppressors. NAVICP issues a solicitation for 5,000 KAC M4 QD Sound Suppressors. USASOC, Fort Bragg issues a solicitation for 204,000 rounds each of red and blue Simunition FX marking cartridges. These are for use at the US Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. TACOM awards a $1,369 delivery order to LMT for 28 M203A1 modification kits. HK's Jurgen Gablowski files an US patent application for the attachment design of the AG36. HK's Johannes Murello receives US Patent #6,508,158 titled "Firing lever arrangement for a firearm." February: TACOM awards Colt a $2,954,925.79 contract option for 3,113 M4 and 98 M4A1. A few days later, 3,846 M4 Carbines are added for $3,313,371.55. (Most of this batch is destined for the USAF. Later in the month, an additional 244 M4 are added for $224,477.56. TACOM awards a $2,584,741.62 delivery order to FNMI for 5,631 M16A4. Later, TACOM awards an additional $3,213.14 delivery order for seven M16A4, and a $4,131.18 delivery order for nine M16A4. NSWC-Crane requests a safety release for the Mk 12 SPR and Mk 262 cartridge from the Weapon System Explosive Safety Review Board (WSESRB). WSESRB subsequently grants a limited release for the Mk 262 to USSOCOM. Official Operational Testing (OT) begins. NSWC-Crane awards a $29,999,900 contract to Federal Cartridge Company for 5.56mm frangible ammunition.

TACOM awards a $176,490.50 delivery order to KAC for 500 M4 RAS, 600 vertical pistol grips, and assorted rails covers. NSWC-Crane, on behalf of USSOCOM's SOPMOD program, issues a RFI for COTS/NDI Lightweight Machine Gun Muzzle Brake and Suppressors (LMGMBS) for small arms in 5.56mm and 7.62mm. Improvements are sought in materials, manufacturing process, high endurance coatings, and other unknown technologies that will yield extended performance suppressor life to a threshold of 15,000 rounds with an objective of 30,000 rounds under various firing schedules. Suppressor characteristics sought are: length 10 - 6.6 inches, weight 32 - 24 ounces, diameter 2 - 1.5 inches, sound reduction 20-28 dB, up to a 2.5 MOA zero shift when fitted to gun, with minor or no loss in instrumental accuracy, endurance to failure under harsh firing schedules approximately 10,000 rounds, and approximately 500 rounds under continuous belt-fed full automatic fire. ATEC publishes the following in "Test Record Number S-51340": "The C-Mag is not suitable for use in training. The C-Mag demonstrated low reliability, poor durability, poor ergonomics, and resulted in a significant increase in weight for the same combat load." TACOM awards a $395,084.80 delivery order to Aimpoint for 1,403 M68. TACOM awards Okay Industries a $3,784,600 contract option for the production of 635,000 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM awards Colt a $15,735 contract for M4A1 Reliability Kit replacement parts. This comprises 750 H2 buffers and 3,000 improved extractor springs. A meeting is held at the 2003 SHOT Show between the SPC Product Team, other USSOCOM personnel, and representatives from the Department of Justice, Hornady, and Remington to discuss the evolution of the SPC project. Israel announces the adoption of the IMI Tavor by the IDF. However, funds re not available for the immediate purchase of the rifle. An US partner is being sought for a co-production agreement so that the rifle will be eligible for purchase with US aid funds. ARDEC awards a $500,000 contract to Ensign-Bickford Aerospace and Defense Company for 40mm XM1060 Multipurpose grenade production. HK's Johannes Murello and Helmut Weldle receive US Patent #6,523,293 titled "Arrangement for Opening the Dust Flap of a Firearm." March: PEO-Soldier issues a memorandum of urgent requirement

for the procurement of 200 XM8 lightweight carbines. TACOM awards a $3,672.16 delivery order to FNMI for eight M16A4. Later, TACOM awards an additional $5,049.22 delivery order for 11 M16A4. TACOM awards Colt a $1,984,677.98 contract option for 1,769 M4 and 470 M4A1. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to FNMI for 1,363 M249. US Army Developmental Test Command (DTC) grants a safety release for the Mk 12 SPR and Mk 262 cartridge. The US Army, Office of the Project Manager, Maneuver Ammunition Systems, issues a sources sought announcement for the manufacture and delivery of 5.56mm, M995 AP cartridges. The basic contract is planned for award in FY 2003 with options up to 184,300 cartridges. The contract is expected to include four option years (FY 2004 - FY 2007) with a maximum total quantity amount of 4,350,000 cartridges. Hugh A. McElroy and Michael R. Harris file a patent application for an improved projectile using a monolithic, heat-treated, steel core with a plated-on jacket. The design is claimed to offer an increase in accuracy, incapacitation effects, and penetration of light materiel targets as compared to the current 5.56mm NATO M855. LCDR Gary K. Roberts, USNR, provides a written brief to RADM Albert M. Calland, USN, Commander Navy Special Warfare Command. The brief titled "Enhancement of NSW Carbine & Rifle Capability" recommends converting all 5.56mm NATO weapons in SEAL inventory to the new 6.8x43mm SPC. HQ, USASFC sends the memo "Review of Mission Needs Statement (MNS), Advanced Rifle Cartridge (ARC)." HK's Thomas Schweikart receives US Patent #6,536,150 titled "Automatic Firearm with a Moving Bolt Assembly with Locking Projections." The Philippine Armed Forces take delivery of 402 FN Minimi. 326 are distributed to the Army, and 76 are given to the Marines. ARDEC, on behalf of PM-Soldier Weapons, directs ATK to cease work on the XM29's 20mm ammunition. It has been decided to scrap the OICW's 20mm cartridge in favor of a 25mm cartridge. The goals include greater lethality while lowering costs in the development of air-bursting warheads. TACOM announces its intent to procure up to 4,298 M5 collapsible buttstocks for the M249 from FN.

Aberdeen begins developmental testing of the C-More LSS (Lightweight Shotgun System). NAVICP issues a solicitation for 1,421 Trijicon TA01M4A1 ACOG. TACOM awards a $178,281 contract to Trijicon. The NAAG's QRT hears formal presentations from FN and HK regarding ETBS' report, which evaluated their PDW cartridges. This leads to the commissioning of Switzerland's Defence Procurement Agency in Thun to conduct further trials of the cartridges. April: The SCR is relabeled the SCAR (SOF Combat Assault Rifle). Now, the desired level of modularity includes larger cartridge conversions such as 7.62x51mm and a proposed .338 Short Magnum. The 7.62mm NATO-length configurations would be known as the SCAR-H (Heavy), while the 5.56mm NATO-length configurations would be the SCAR-L (Light). As such, these variants would replace the KAC Mk 11 Mod 0, the M14, the Mk 12 SPR, the SPR-V/KAC SR47, the CQBR, the M16A3, and the standard M4A1. The threshold accuracy loss is 1 MOA @ 300m, with an objective of 0.25 MOA at the same range. The desired objective range for area targets is increased to 800 meters for the SCAR-L. Threshold ranges for the SCAR-H are 600m point and 800m area, increasing to 800m/1000m as the objective. Barrel lifetime is specified as 10,000/50,000 rounds with the objective MRBS and MRBF increased to 8,000 and 50,000 rounds respectively. The US Army's PM-Soldier Weapons intends to negotiate with USSOCOM's PM-SOF Weapons regarding a potential role within the SCAR project, up to and including becoming the lead PM Office. Ideally, the Army would like to combine the SCAR with the XM8 as a spiral development project. ARDEC issues a contract modification to the OICW contract that expands the XM8 carbine to include four weapon variants as a family of weapons. The XM8 Program is entered into the Acquisition Information Management Database with PEO-Soldier shown improperly as the milestone decision authority. The JSSAMP is updated for the fourth time. Near term goals (Next 8 years) include improvements to current "legacy" systems, along with development projects such as the XM8, the XM25 Airburst Weapon (ABW: a stand-alone version of the OICW's grenade launcher), and the XM29 Integrated Airburst Weapon (IABW: formerly the OICW). These entail the introduction of lightweight ammunition such as the polymer-case 5.56mm cartridges currently under development by Natec, integrated electronic systems such as combined thermal/image intensification optics and multi-function

lasers, and improved warhead technology such as thermobarics for the 25mm HEAB munitions and the 40x46mm grenade (XM1060 Multipurpose). Mid term goals (8-15 years) include ultra-lightweight ammunition, a family of lightweight weapons (most likely based on the XM8), steerable/course-correcting munitions, and further fire control improvements including target hand-off capabilities. The far term goals (15 years +) once again include directed energy systems, ideally with scaleable effects for Lethal and Non-Lethal applications. TACOM awards a $16,524.72 delivery order to FNMI for 36 M16A4. TACOM awards Colt a $2,007,219.64 contract option for 2,173 M4 and 9 M4A1. Later in the month, an additional 2,173 M4 are added for $1,999,138.27. TACOM awards a $17,100 contract to Colt for three apiece non-firing replicas of the M4 Carbine, M16A4 Rifle, and M203 Grenade Launcher. Aberdeen completes safety release testing for the 40mm XM1060 Multipurpose (thermobaric) cartridge. Within weeks, PM-Soldier Weapons receives an urgent need request for the XM1060 from Combined Joint Task Force 180 in Afghanistan. The available rounds (~1188) are shipped by the end of the month. The CF C7A2 update is assembled from the following parts: an Accuwedge, ambidextrous controls (charging handle/mag latch/selector switch), a C8 telescoping stock, green furniture, a one-piece gas ring, and the Diemaco Triad I, an accessory mount which clamps to the existing gas block/front sight base. The ELCAN C79 sight is also to be upgraded with a green cover, an upgraded mount spring, and replacement tritium inserts. The complete upgrade package is due for user testing late in the year. SOPMOD PMO publishes the MDNS Performance Specifications. TACOM awards Center Industries a $1,495,300 contract option for the production of 190,000 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM awards a $65,346.20 delivery order to KAC for 1,646 M249 vertical pistol grips. USAF Air Mobility Command, 62nd CONS - McChord AFB issues a solicitation for 250 extended life M16 thirty round magazine springs. David Armstrong receives US Patent #6,543,172 titled "Buttstock Assembly with Removable and Sealable Storage Tubes." C-More's Ira M. Kay receives US Patent #D473,909 titled "Underbarrel shotgun."

May: TACOM awards Colt a $411,095.27 contract option for 29 M4 and 414 M4A1. These are intended for the US Army, USMC, and other Defense Agencies. TACOM awards a $5,508.24 delivery order to FNMI for 12 M16A4. TACOM awards $2,385,250 out of a $4,770,500 contract to FNMI for 1,363 M249. WSESRB approves the safety release for the Mk 12 SPR. NSWC-Crane, in support of the US Navy and USMC, issues a sources sought announcement for COTS sources of 5.56 mm Dim Tracer Cartridges. The British announce the adoption of the FN Minimi Para (L110A1) to replace many of its L86A2 LSW. The remaining LSW will be used as a role similar to a Designated Marksman's Rifle. Sources indicate that 2,472 weapons will be purchased, worth approximately 7.5 million ($12.3 million). Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) signs a 10 million Euro contract with FN to license production of the Minimi. The Minimi are for the Greek Special Forces. HK's Helmut Weldle and Gerd Spinner receive US Patent #6,564,492 titled "Retractable Shoulder Stock." SOPMOD PMO is ordered to plan yet another transformation under the terms of the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS). Likely, the SOPMOD PMO will become responsible for merely sustaining the existing M4A1, M203, and the contents of the SOPMOD kit as it currently stands, until its eventual replacement. Planned SOPMOD accessory upgrades such as the EGLM, FMBS, MDNS, Shot Counter, and SCAR will turn into their own independent programs, probably under the aegis of PM-SOF Weapons. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation to KAC for 70 apiece of the following items: M4 Flash Hiders, M4 Free Floating rail, M4-Two Stage Trigger, M4 Bipod Adapter, M4 Gas Block Adapter, AN/PAQ-4 Aiming Mount, Push-button swivels, and Free Floating RAS. NAVICP awards KAC a $60,062 sole-source contract for M4-QD suppressors. The DOD's Inspector General begins its audit of the KAC sole-source suppressor awards. Magpul's Richard Fitzpatrick and Stephen Hines file another patent application for a modular adjustable buttstock (now marketed as the

M93). June: RDECOM assumes operational control of the AMC's various research, development, and engineering centers, including ARDEC. PEO-Soldier issues an acquisition decision memorandum that starts an acquisition program for the XM8 carbine. It also authorizes entry of the program into the System Development and Demonstration phase. (However, PEO-Soldier did not have the proper authority to make this decision as the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology) is the milestone decision authority for the OICW Program.) PEO-Soldier's memorandum further states that the XM8's four weapon variants and the exit criteria for entry into production and deployment are based on the ORD for the Future Combat Rifle. (Yet not even a draft of Future Combat Rifle ORD exists at the time.) TACOM reduces its February 2003 delivery order to FNMI from 5,631 to 5,564 M16A4, deallocating $30,754. Milestone C and the Fielding & Deployment Release (F&DR) are approved for the Mk 12 SPR and Mk 262 cartridge. AFSOC requests a safety release for the Mk 12 SPR and Mk 262 cartridge from the Non-Nuclear Munitions Safety Board (NNMSB). HQ, USASFC sends the memo "Advanced Rifle Cartridge (ARC) Research, Development and Requirements." The Dismounted Battlespace Battle Lab and the 82nd Airborne Division test four magnified optics for the M4 and M249 SAW, capable of use in both close quarters and at distances of more than 500 meters. The information gathered will be evaluated by the Directorate of Combat Development and be used to help establish the requirements for a Multi-Purpose Optic. TACOM awards Center Industries a $1,998,980 contract option for the production of 254,000 M16 thirty round magazines. Later in the month, a second contract option valued at $3,999,998.33 is awarded for 508,259 additional magazines. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to Trijicon for 1,088 TA01NSN ACOG scopes. Aberdeen finishes developmental testing of the C-More LSS. The Ontario Knife Company's Nicholas Trbovich, Jr. and Kathyln Susan Green file a patent application for the cosmetic design of the USMC Multi-Purpose Bayonet. With the results of the Swiss testing, the NAAG's QRT recommends NATO standardization of the FN 5.7x28mm cartridge. Predictably,

the German delegation protests the recommendation, citing issues with the Swiss trials and the QRT report. Foremost is the refusal to test HK's latest 4.6x30mm cartridge variant, optimistically named the "Ultimate Combat" round. Development efforts for the XM25/XM29's low velocity 25mm cartridge and the XM307's high velocity 25mm cartridge are combined. General Dynamics takes the lead position in joint ammo development. On behalf of the US Army, Frank J. Dindl files a patent application for a non-lethal cartridge having sufficient energy for use, without modification, in conventional self-loading firearms. One of the applications mentioned is providing a non-lethal cartridge for the grenade launcher of the OICW. NSWC-Crane requests a safety release for the AN/PSQ-18 DNS from WSESRB. Summer: The US military accepts an improved extractor spring (NSN 1005-01-505-2886) for USSOCOM's M4A1 Carbine. It is later accepted for general use in the M4 and M4A1. (Note: This is not to be confused with an earlier replacement extractor spring using the same color spring insert (NSN 1005-01-424-5899), which was adopted sometime in or around 1999.) After shooting with USAMU members at the Army Championships, soldiers of the 1-15 INF, 3rd Infantry Division lobby unit commander LTC John Charlton for a number of SDM rifles similar to those demonstrated by the USAMU. After testing a sample SDMR, LTC Charlton lobbies MG William Webster, Commanding General for the 3ID, for permission to allow 1-15 INF to run a test program. With MG Webster's approval, 22 issue M16A4 are sent to the USAMU for conversion to SDMR. Based on successful fielding and training in 115 INF, MG Webster's requests permission to field SDMR across the division. July: During the XM8 critical design review, ATK lists the compliance concerns it has with the XM8 family of four weapon variants. Instead of complying with the previously negotiated specifications for the system, HK recommends that the OICW Program Office change the specifications to meet what HK planned to produce. In response, the OICW Program Office agrees to modify the specifications to accommodate ATK and HK's changes to the specifications. TACOM awards a $697 contract modification to FNMI for M16A2. NNMSB provides safety certification for the Mk 12 SPR and Mk 262 cartridge. TACOM awards a $1,807,911 contract modification to FNMI for 1,363 M249. These are for the Army, USMC, and FMS.

Wexford Group International (on behalf of the US Army's Rapid Equipping Force) conducts tests on the Beta C-Mag with the 82nd Airborne at Kandahar Airfield in Afghanistan. The field test is intended to evaluate the C-Mag as a back up for loose ammo, or when linked ammo is unavailable or in short supply. Its ultimate goal is to be an alternative to the link issue ammo. The results are once again negative. While loading the magazines, there are numerous jams, speed loaders break, and several magazines will not accept the full capacity of ammunition. Once live firing begins, there are repeated weapon malfunctions. Failures to chamber and double feeds are the most common problems. TACOM awards Okay Industries a $1,652,696.08 contract option for the production of 277,298 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM awards Colt a $21,918 contract for M4A1 Reliability Kit replacement parts. This comprises 1,300 H2 buffers. MARCORSYSCOM issues a solicitation for 3,155 M203 Quadrant Sight Spacers for use with the M16A4. ARDEC awards a $240,975 contract to Tactical and Rescue Equipment, LLC for 10,500 Weapon Flashlight Mounts (WFM). NSWC-Crane notifies ARMS that its RIS II proposal has been determined unacceptable "due to operational unsuitability for each of the four (SIR) configurations proposed." The SIR models was deemed unsuitable on two counts: all four models raised the operator's line of sight, and none adequately provided for the mounting of the M203 grenade launcher free of the carbine barrel. The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) issues a solicitation for 27 MARS-IR reflex sights. KAC's Reed Knight and Doug Olson receive US Patent #6,595,099 titled "Multifunctional Firearm Muzzle Attachments." Tonny Kaempe files a patent application for an improved bipod for the M249. MARCORSYSCOM, on behalf of the MCWL, issues a sole-source solicitation to Simunition for 5.56mm FX marking cartridges. A minimum of 306 cases of red cartridges will be ordered. This solicitation is in support of MCWL's Project Metropolis. USAF Air Combat Command issues a sole-source solicitation to KAC for 5,014 M4 RAS, 600 M203 Leaf Sights, and 600 M203 Quick Release Brackets. Wright-Patterson AFB issues a solicitation for 688 KAC M203 Quick Release Mounts.

TACOM-ARDEC awards multiple contracts related to technologies necessary for the development of the LFWA. Israel confirms the purchase of IMI Tavor rifles by the IDF. However, the delivery of the first batch of 15,000 Tavor is deferred until certain improvements are completed. HK's Johannes Murello, Wilhelm Fischbach, and Helmut Weldle receive US Patent #6,588,312 titled "Automatic Firearm with a Bolt Assembly that Moves Between a Closed Position and an Open Position." HK's Berthold Weichert and Gerhard Gielke receive US Patent #6,594,937 titled "Sighting Device for a Grenade Launcher Mounted on a Firearm." August: LTC Matthew Clarke, Product Manager-Individual Weapons (PM-IW), announces an order of 200 XM8 for testing by ATEC. TACOM awards Colt a $353,327.46 contract option for 378 M4 and 6 M4A1. TACOM awards a $104,278 contract modification to FNMI for 34 M249. TACOM-ARDEC issues a sole-source solicitation to Nammo for 4,238,000 to 8,185,000 M995 AP cartridges. SCAR Industry Week is held. The following firms attend: Armalite, Inc., Colt's Manufacturing Company, Diemaco, FN Herstal, Heckler & Koch, Inc, Israel Military Industries Ltd, Knight's Armament Company, Lewis Machine & Tool Company, and Robinson Armament Company. NSWC-Crane releases "Draft Performance Specification: SOF Combat Assault Rifle Light." The caliber conversion requirements for the SCAR-L have been removed in favor of optimizing the weapon for the use of 5.56x45mm ammunition. (The proposed caliber conversions, such as 7.62x39mm, are instead intended to be passed along to the larger 7.62x51mm SCAR-H.) The SCAR-L is to possess the ability to interchange barrels to create three basic subvariants: a Close Quarters Combat (CQC) variant with a 9-12" barrel, a Standard (S) variant with a 13-16" barrel, and a Sniper Version (SV) with an 18-20" barrel. All of the barrels will be freefloating and interchangeable at the unit level (or user interchangeable as an objective). The barrel lifetime requirement has been increased to 15,000 rounds. The Standard model will possess a multi-position collapsible or foldable stock giving an overall weapon length of 33.6" extended and 29.9" collapsed/folded (or less as an objective). It will weigh no

more than 7.725 lbs unloaded (less than 6.6 lbs unloaded as an objective). The multiple-position collapsible/folding stock will carry over to the CQC, but the SV will be equipped with a fixed stock with limited adjustments for length of pull. They should use STANAG4179 compliant magazines, but alternate magazine designs of similar size would be considered if they offered a significant improvement in reliability and durability. There is also an objective for a standard length, expanded capacity magazine, ideally offering an 60 round capacity. A large emphasis is placed upon totally ambidextrous controls and use. Bullpup designs are ruled out. Accessory rails are to be integral, and the bottom handguard rail needs to be able to withstand the launching of a 40x46mm grenade from an attached EGLM. KAC's Doug Olson receives US Patent #6,609,319 titled "Bolt Assemblies for Firearms" and Patent #6,606,811 titled "Firearm Magazine with Improved Bolt Catch Actuator." Remington reportedly begins "full" production of the 6.8x43mm SPC. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to FNMI for 5,450 M249 Short Barrels. NAVICP awards KAC a $3,436,397 sole-source contract for 5,025 M4-QD suppressors. TACOM awards Okay Industries a $3,188,600 contract option for the production of 535,000 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM awards Center Industries a $4,071,505.15 contract option for the production of 517,345 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM awards Trijicon a $685,440 contract for 1,088 TA01NSN ACOG scopes. TACOM awards Colt a $135,863 contract for M4A1 Reliability Kit replacement parts. This comprises 7,280 H2 buffers and 12,740 improved extractor springs. USASOC, Fort Bragg issues sole-source solicitation to Tactical and Survival Specialties Inc. for 200 Simunition M4A1 flattop conversion kits. Naval Special Warfare Group 2 issues a solicitation for 50 KAC M4 RAS (including 9 handguard panels & forward pistol grip), 100 KAC 200-600 meter flip up rear sights (BUIS), 50 KAC 300 meter flip up rear sights (BUIS), and 100 M4 QD Muzzle Compensator Kits. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation to Simunition for 90 each M16A2 conversion kits and magazines. USAF Materiel Command, Tinker AFB issues a solicitation for 353

KAC M4 RAS and 110 KAC M203 Quick Release Mounts. September: The Joint Operational Requirements Document (JORD) for the SCAR is approved. USMC Ground Board 2-03 convenes to draft the POM-06 (Program Objective Memorandum) GCE Advocates Capabilities List (ACL). Among the issues defined as an essential requirement are the Rifle Combat Optic and an automatic rifle replacement for the M249 in the infantry squad. MARCORSYSCOM announces its intent to negotiate a sole source contract for 708 M4A1 Close Quarter Battle Weapons (CQBW) to support immediate Marine Corps Fleet Unit requirements. TACOM awards a $2,336,600 delivery order to FNMI for 5,000 M16A4. The order is for FMS to Yemen. Later, TACOM awards an additional $17,442.76 delivery order for 38 M16A4. TACOM awards Colt a $127,878.61 contract option for 139 M4. Later in the month, another 354 M4 are added for $309,827.88. The 3ID receives approval to acquire and field SDMR. The USAMU begins construction of the required SDMR. TACOM-ARDEC issues a RFI for COTS/NDI accessory shotguns which can meet the US Army's needs with only minor modifications, or militarized 12 Gauge Shotguns that can function in both stand-alone and accessory capacities. The Accessory Shotgun shall be capable of attachment to the M4/M16 series of weapons and the Future Combat Rifle (FCR). It must use detachable magazines, weigh less than any current stand-alone shotgun, and maintain the ability to fire 2.75" and 3" lethal, non-lethal, and breaching ammunition. This shall be done without degrading accuracy, reliability, and durability of the weapon system (the accessory shotgun and the host weapon) from the baseline. NSWC-Crane releases a pair of amendments to the MDNS solicitation. Revised proposals are requested from specific offerors for the RIS II and the ECOS-C. After a pre-award debriefing for RIS II, ARMS files a protest with the GAO over the rejection of its four SIR models. The DOD's Inspector General sends a memorandum to NSWC-Crane and NAVICP recommending that they cancel the August 2003 suppressor award to KAC. TACOM awards FN a 5-year contract for a minimum of 875 M249 Collapsible Buttstocks. TACOM awards a $379,618.75 contract option for 875 M249 Collapsible Buttstocks. This is followed by a $485,912 delivery order for 1,120 additional buttstocks.

TACOM awards FNMI a $6,973,445.13 contract for 15,429 M249 Short Barrels. TACOM awards Center Industries a $20,485.61 contract option for the production of 2,603 M16 thirty round magazines. AFSOC, 16th CONS - Hurlburt Field issues a solicitation for 30 each M4A1 and M9 Simunition FX conversion kits, 90 M4 conversion kit magazines, FX marking cartridges, and spares. On behalf of the US Navy, Michael M. Canaday and Mark R. Whalen receive US Patent #6,622,415 titled "Compact and Self-Contained Adjustable Sight Assembly." NSWC-Crane releases draft copies of revised performance specifications for the EGLM and a proposed EGLM Operational Requirements Document (ORD) Annex to the main SOPMOD ORD. NSWC-Crane issues a sole-source solicitation notice to Lewis Machine and Tool (LMT) for 130 M203 grenade launchers equipped with 9 inch barrels. HK's Johannes Murello and Helmut Weldle receive US Patent #6,625,917 titled "Bolt Assembly for a Firearm." TACOM-ARDEC issues a solicitation notice for an upcoming Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) regarding the development and system integration of a Small Arms Lightweight Family of Weapons and Ammunition (LFWA). As the "lethality component" of the Objective Force Warrior (OFW) program, the LFWA program will initially focus on the development of a lightweight machine gun and ammunition. The primary goal is a reduction in volume and weight, ranging up to a 30 to 40 percent decrease over existing systems. The designs may use a "clean slate" approach with no concern given to backwards compatibility with existing weapons and ammunition. Two major demonstrations of the new LFWA system are currently planned. The first will be a non-firing demo in mid FY06 to support the OFW Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD). The second demonstration will be an operational live-fire assessment, scheduled for late FY07. The program is projected to include three Phases: nine months for Phase 1, twenty-eight months for Phase 2, and five months for Phase 3. Down-select criteria may be used for either Phases 2 or 3 if multiple awards are made. Indonesia's military orders 5,000 Pindad SS-2 rifles. The SS-2 is a lightweight, optic rail-only variant of the Pindad SS-1 (the domestic production model of the FN FNC). October: USSOCOM issues a solicitation for SCAR candidates, followed later in the month by revised copies of "Draft Performance Specification: SOF Combat Assault Rifle Light"

and "Draft Performance Specification: SOF Combat Assault Rifle Heavy." The barrel change requirement is modified to allow exchanging of complete upper receiver assemblies. The objective MRBF is reduced to 35,000 rounds, and the same figure is also given as the objective barrel lifetime. The maximum threshold weight for the SCAR-L is reduced to 7.25 lbs. The Standard SCAR-H model will possess a multi-position collapsible or foldable stock giving an overall weapon length of 40.2" extended and 30.3" collapsed/folded (or less as an objective). It will weigh no more than 9 lbs unloaded. Offerors will be required to provide product sample SCAR-Ls as part of their proposals, consisting of three standard SCAR-L rifles, one CQC conversion, and a SCAR-H technical approach. The due date for submissions is given as June 19, 2004. Thirty HK XM8 Lightweight Modular Weapon Systems (LMWS) are delivered to Aberdeen. The Multiple Attachment Point System (MAPS) has since been renamed Picatinny Combat Attachment Points (PCAP). TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to Colt for up to 100,000 M4/M4A1 carbines. TACOM awards a $16,065.70 delivery order to FNMI for 35 M16A4. TACOM-Rock Island, in support of PM-Soldier Weapons, issues a sources-sought announcement in preparation for second-sourcing M249 production. USMC Ground Board 2-03 announces its recommendation to issue the M4 carbine with MWS forearms to replace the M9 pistol and M16A2 rifles carried by personnel such as small unit leaders and vehicle crew members. However, they recommend that the M16A4 remain the primary issue weapon for Marine riflemen. TACOM-ARDEC awards a $6,879,570 contract to Nammo for the production of 7.62x51mm and 5.56x45mm AP ammunition. KAC's Doug Olson and Reed Knight file a patent application for an improved barrel profile using golf ball-style dimples instead of fluting. Doug Olson also files a patent application for an upper receiver design with sectioned, interchangeable barrels and an improved gas system. NSWC-Crane announces its intent to hold an EGLM-related Integrated Product Team (IPT) meeting with industry, scheduled for early November. The purpose of the IPT meeting is to refine the before-mentioned EGLM ORD Annex and the performance specification drafts. The US Army's Dismounted Battlespace Battle Lab (DBBL) announces that it has begun operational inspection and test firing of 200 C-More LSS for potential field trials in Afghanistan by the 10th

Mountain Division. By the end of the month, 199 of the LSS are approved and packaged for shipment. The DOD's Inspector General ends its audit of the KAC sole-source suppressor awards. TACOM awards FN a $520,620 delivery order for 1,200 M249 Collapsible Buttstocks. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to FNMI for 1,600 M249 short monoblock barrels. TACOM awards FNMI a $723,152 contract option for 1,600 M249 Short Barrels. TACOM awards a $23,690 contract option to Bestwork Industries for the Blind Inc. for 1,000 M16 MWS Sling Adapter Kits. Later in the month, this order is increased by 455 kits for $10,788.95. USAF Air Mobility Command, 43rd CONS - Pope AFB awards a $31,582.38 contract to SNC Technologies for Simunition Equipment and Accessories. The Israeli firm ITL announces plans to outsource production of the Tavor's MARS sight to a plant in India. An ITL subsidiary has been formed in the US to allow $6.5 million in US aid funds to be used to procure the sights. The long rumored 6.8x43mm Remington SPC (Special Purpose Cartridge) is finally unveiled to the public at the annual meeting of the Association of the US Army (AUSA). Intended for use in converted 5.56x45mm weapons, the 6.8x43mm SPC launches a 115 grain projectile at 2,650fps from a 16.5" barrel. As rumored, the case is derived from the .30 Remington (albeit in an even shorter form than the .224E4/E5 Winchester and the FA-T116 6.35mm SCHV.) Also introduced are drop-on M16/M4 upper receiver conversions for the 6.8mm SPC built by Barrett and PRI. Unfortunately, rumors do not pan out regarding unmodified 5.56mm magazines holding 28 rounds of the new cartridge. The latter is only achieved with replacement magazine bodies designed especially for the 6.8mm SPC. TACOM-ARDEC reissues its solicitation notice for the upcoming BAA regarding the Small Arms Lightweight Family of Weapons and Ammunition (LFWA). November: The JSSAMP is updated again. TACOM awards a $18,402 contract modification to FNMI for six M249. The 199 C-More LSS arrive in Afghanistan. Redesignated the XM26

12 Gauge Modular Accessory Shotgun System (MASS), the weapons will be used through the end of the 10th Mountain Division's deployment. Results of the testing will be evaluated to determine whether the XM26 MASS will be issued throughout the US Army under the Rapid Fielding Initiative (RFI) program. TACOM awards Center Industries a $7,183,673.04 contract option for the production of 912,792 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM awards FN a $520,620 delivery order for 1,200 M249 Collapsible Buttstocks. MARCORSYSCOM, on behalf of the MCWL, issues a sole-source solicitation to Simunition for 125 M249 conversion kits. This solicitation is in support of MCWL's Project Metropolis. Magpul's Richard Fitzpatrick and Stephen Hines receive US Patent #6,651,371 titled "Modular Gunstock." Magpul's Richard Fitzpatrick and Stephen Hines file another patent application for the M93 buttstock. TACOM-ARDEC issues a sources sought notice to identify potential sources for the manufacture, inspection, testing, and delivery of 24,200 40mm M1006 Sponge Grenades. The M1006 is a non-lethal cartridge that is fired from the M203. The proposed design shall meet the following criteria: 1. Compatible with the M203 grenade launcher attached to the M16A2 or M4 series of rifles with no changes to the standard operating procedures associated with loading, firing, and unloading the cartridge; 2. Compatible with standard rifle and/or grenade launcher sights; 3. No black powder propellant; 4. No residue from firing deposited in barrel to the detriment of subsequent weapon firing/function; 5. Effective non-lethal incapacitation out to a minimum range of 15 meters and maximum range of 30 meters (threshold); and a minimum range of 10 meters and maximum range of 50 meters (objective). When fired into a ballistic clay target, at a range of 15 meters (49 feet) shall produce a depth of deformation no greater than 44 millimeters and no less than 20 millimeters; 6. Operational in climatic conditions from 0 to 125 degrees Fahrenheit; 7. Capable of storage in climatic conditions of -50 to 160

degrees Fahrenheit; 8. Shall be non-explosive and non-fragmenting upon target impact; and 9. Have a functional reliability greater than 95 percent at temperatures between 0 and 125 degrees Fahrenheit. TACOM-ARDEC issues a sources sought notice to identify potential sources for the manufacture, inspection, testing, and delivery of 33,880 40mm M1029 Crowd Dispersal Cartridges (CDC). The M1029 is a non-lethal cartridge that is fired from the M203. The current design consists of an aluminum case containing 48 rubber balls, each measuring 0.48 inches in diameter and weighing 1.3 grams. The proposed design shall meet the following criteria: 1. Compatible with the M203 grenade launcher attached to the M16A2 or M4 series of rifles with no changes to the standard operating procedures associated with loading, firing, and unloading the cartridge; 2. Compatible with standard rifle and/or grenade launcher sights; 3. Shall demonstrate a 90 percent probability of hitting 4 of 5 standing E-type silhouette targets standing shoulder to shoulder at a range of 30 meters (threshold), 20 meters (objective); 4. No black powder propellant; 5. No residue from firing deposited in barrel to the detriment of subsequent weapon firing/function; 6. The cartridge when fired into a ballistic clay target at a range of 15 meters, shall produce a depth of deformation no greater than 44 millimeters. When fired at a range of 30 meters, shall produce a depth of deformation no less than 10 millimeters; 7. Operational in climatic conditions from 0 to 125 degrees Fahrenheit; 8. Capable of storage in climatic conditions of -50 to 160 degrees Fahrenheit; 9. Shall be non-explosive and non-fragmenting upon target impact; and 10.Have a functional reliability greater than 95 percent at temperatures between 0 and 125 degrees Fahrenheit. NSWC-Crane, on behalf of the Joint Non-Lethal Directorate, issues a market research notice for COTS 40mm Aerial Burst Flash Bang

Cartridges. The latter will be used with the M79 and M203 grenade launchers. The grenade should have a sound output of approximately 175 decibels at a distance of 5 feet and a flash output of approximately 6-8 million candlepower. HK unveils a prototype of its 4.6x30mm UCP (Ultimate Combat Pistol), the companion handgun to the MP7 PDW. Late: The British MOD announces that 1,412 SA80KA2 carbines will be purchased for issue to the Royal Armored Corps. Two to four carbines will be issued per armored vehicle. The carbines, roughly an improved version of the 1988 model, will be constructed using surplus LSW. These are ultimately designated the L22A2. The Italian Army commissions Beretta to create a new assault rifle to replace the AR70/90. December: TACOM-ARDEC issues a pair of pre-solicitation notices regarding the XM8 Lightweight Assault Weapon System. The first regards design improvement efforts, including back-up iron sights, a visible bright light, a folding or collapsible buttstock, and an Automatic Rifle variant. The other concerns development and testing of seventy-two Safety Blank Firing Adapters. TACOM-ARDEC later announces its intent to negotiate a sole-source contract with HK for 500 XM8 in four different configurations. USSOCOM issues drafts of Section L (Proposal Requirements) and Section M (Evaluation Factors for Award) for the SCAR Performance Specification documents. TACOM awards a $167,542.30 delivery order to FNMI for 365 M16A4. These rifles are intended for FMS. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to FN for 200 M249. TACOM awards a $52,139 contract modification to FNMI for 17 M249. TACOM issues Safety Of Use Message SOUM #04-005 regarding the use of blank ammunition with the M249 equipped with a short barrel. The combination is resulting in damage to the left inner rail of the receiver. It is reported that PM-Crew Served Weapons has started a fast track program to develop a BFA specifically for the short barrel. In addition, changes to the short barrel's gas port size are being explored. The new BFAs are anticipated in the next six months. TACOM awards a $1,642,520 delivery order to Aimpoint for 5,000 M68 and related accessories. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to FNMI for 3,253 short

barrels for the M249. TACOM awards Okay Industries a $4,396,703.92 contract option for the production of 737,702 M16 thirty round magazines. TACOM issues a sole-source solicitation to Polymer Technologies for 24,465 M249 100 Round Soft Pack Magazines. TACOM awards a $268,627.35 delivery order to KAC for 4,465 vertical pistol grips and 8,930 nine-rib rails covers. Later, TACOM awards an $118,080 delivery order for 2,000 vertical pistol grips and 4,000 nine-rib rails covers. The Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) issues a sources sought notice for a Combat Assault Sling (CAS). The CAS will possess the following characteristics: Adapt to the M16A2 Rifle, M4 Carbine, M16A4 Rifle, and the Joint Service Combat Shotgun; Long enough to suspend the weapon across the body (back or front) when carried by a combat equipped Marine; Versatile enough to be shortened as needed for normal weapons carry when not in a tactical posture; Must not obstruct Marine Corps Marksmanship firing position; and Must be capable of ambidextrous use. Later in the month, MARCORSYSCOM issues a combined synopsis/solicitation notice for the procurement of Rifle Combat Optics (RCO). Intended for the M16A4, the RCO will be fixed power optic in the 3.5 to 4.5x magnification range. Certain other requirements, such as the preferred reticule design, would appear to favor the Trijicon ACOG family. The prospective order is to fall between 3,000 and 10,000 units, filled over a period of three years. The GAO sustains ARMS' protest over the rejection of its four SIR models from the RIS II competition. The ruling recommends that the SIR models be among the models considered for the contract award, and that ARMS be reimbursed for the costs of filing and pursuing its protest. Joseph R. Moody and Joseph D. Gaddini file a patent application for the Grip-Pod. The US Army Robert Morris Acquisition Center, Natick Contracting Division, announces its intent to negotiate and award a sole source contract to SureFire, Inc. for 110 Rifle Flashlights (M952XM06). USAF Air Mobility Command, 89th CONS - Andrews AFB issues a

sole-source solicitation to SNC Technologies for FX Marking Cartridges and Conversion Kits for the M4, M9, and M16. ARDEC announces its intent to issue solicitations based on its sources sought notices for 40mm M1006 and M1029 non-lethal cartridges. ARDEC then amends its base amount for M1006 from 24,200 to 74,888, and for M1029 from 33,880 to 84,568. KAC's Doug Olson files a patent application for an improved 40mm grenade launcher attachment which is shorter than the M203 and possesses a double action trigger mechanism. HK's Wilhelm Fischbach and Robert Knpfle file an US patent application for the dust cover locking mechanism for the OICW's grenade launcher. HK and General Dynamics' Santa Barbara Sistemas announce a joint venture agreement. The start-up company, called Sistemas de Armamento Ibericos (SAI), will use an existing Santa Barbara manufacturing plant at La Corua in northwest Spain, while the design team will be based at Paracuellos de Jarama, near Madrid. The first cooperative assignment will be to develop a new assault rifle employing various new technologies. The La Corua facility was previously used to manufacture CETME Model L rifles and the Ameli LMG.
(Next: 5.56mm 2004) by Daniel E. Watters, Small Arms Historian
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