ZadoffChu sequence

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Plot of a Zadoff-Chu sequence for u=7, N=353

A ZadoffChu sequence is a complex-valued mathematical sequence which, when applied to radiosignals, gives rise to an electromagnetic signal of constant amplitude, whereby cyclically shifted versions of the sequence imposed on a signal result in zero correlation with one another at the receiver. A generated ZadoffChu sequence that has not been shifted is known as a "root sequence". These sequences exhibits the useful property that cyclically shifted versions of itself are orthogonal to one another, provided, that is, that each cyclic shift, when viewed within the time domain of the signal, is greater than the combined propagation delay and multi-path delay-spread of that signal between the transmitter and receiver. The complex value at each position n of each root ZadoffChu sequence parametrised by u is given by

where

ZadoffChu sequences are CAZAC sequences (constant amplitude zero autocorrelation waveform). They're named after Solomon A. Zadoff and D. C. Chu. Note that the special case results in a Chu sequence.

Properties of Zadoff-Chu sequences[edit]

1. They are periodic with period if is odd.

2. If

is prime, Discrete Fourier Transform of ZadoffChu sequence is

another ZadoffChu sequence conjugated, scaled and time scaled. where is the multiplicative inverse of u modulo .

3. The auto correlation of a prime length ZadoffChu sequence with a cyclically shifted version of itself is zero, i.e., it is non-zero only at one instant which corresponds to the cyclic shift. 4. The cross correlation between two prime length ZadoffChu sequences,

i.e. different values of provided that is relative prime to

, is constant
[1]

Usages[edit]
ZadoffChu sequences are used in the 3GPP LTE Long Term Evolution air interface in the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), random access preamble (PRACH), uplink control channel (PUCCH), uplink traffic channel (PUSCH) and sounding reference signals (SRS). By assigning orthogonal ZadoffChu sequences to each LTE eNodeB and multiplying their transmissions by their respective codes, the crosscorrelation of simultaneous eNodeB transmissions is reduced, thus reducing inter-cell interference and uniquely identifying eNodeB transmissions. ZadoffChu sequence improve over the WalshHadamard codes used in UMTS because they result in a constant-amplitude output signal, reducing the cost and complexity of the radio's power amplifier.[2]

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Branislav M, Popovic, Generalized Chirp-Like polyphase sequences with optimum correlaiton properties, IEEE tran. Infom. Theory, vol. 38, no. 4, 1992 2. Jump up^ Evolved Cellular Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS and LTE, Lingyang Song and Jia Shen, CRC Press, 2011, New York

http://www.quintillion.co.jp/3GPP/Specs/ S. Beyme and C. Leung (2009). "Efficient computation of DFT of Zadoff-Chu sequences". Electron. Lett. 45 (9): 461 463. doi:10.1049/el.2009.3330.

Zadoff Chu (ZC) Sequences