Rr410507 Digital Speech Image Processing Speech Image Processing

Code No: RR410507 Set No.
1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DIGITAL SPEECH & IMAGE PROCESSING
SPEECH & IMAGE PROCESSING
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology
and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. What are the elements required to acquire digital images? Explain in detail about
various imaging systems. [16]
2. Given an image of size 3× 3 as shown below:

 
1 0 3
 4 2 1 
0 2 5
(a) Find the output image using power-law transformation function when C = 2
and γ (gamma) = 1.
(b) Draw the histogram of the original and transformed (output) images. [8+8]
3. How the following spatially dependent transforms are performed:
(a) Gradation removal by averaging and

(b) Masking. [8+8]
4. Explain various discontinuity detection methods in detail with suitable examples.

[16]
5. Show that the Sobel and Prewitt gradient masks give isotropic results only for
horizontal and vertical edges oriented at ± 450 . [16]
6. (a) List the principle applications of morphology.

(b) Define Dilation and Erosion operations. Give examples
(c) Let A and B are two sets ofZ 2 andΦ is the empty set, show that
A ⊕ B = x/(B)x ∩ A 6= Φ= {c ⊂ Z2 /c = a + b for some a ∈ Aandb ∈

B} [4+6+6]
7. (a) What do you mean by compression? Briefly explain its requirement.

(b) Differentiate lossy compression and lossless compression. Mention their appli-
cations.
(c) What do you mean by improved Gray Scale Quantization?
(d) Explain the fidelity criteria in image compression. [3+5+4+4]
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Code No: RR410507 Set No. 1
8. (a) On what basis the Huffman coding and arithmetic coding are useful for image
compression? Explain.
(b) What are the applications of lossy compression and lossless compression?
(c) Differentiate the Huffman coding and truncated Huffman coding. [6+5+5]
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1. Explain in detail about different active acquisition methods to acquire range images.
[16]
2. What is meant by histogram equalization. List the steps involved in histogram

equalization. What are the advantages of histogram equalization. [16]
3. (a) What procedure is followed to perform spatially dependent transforms.

(b) Define the convolution operation performed in image processing. [8+8]
4. Explain various discontinuity detection methods in detail with suitable examples.

[16]
5. (a) List and explain various operators suitable for detection of diagonal edges.
(b) Briefly explain how the crack edge relaxation is implemented. [6+10]
6. (a) What is granulometry? Explain the different morphological operations used

in granulometry?
(b) A gray scale image, f(x,y), is corrupted by overlapping noise spikes that can be
modeled as small, cylindrical artifacts of radii Rmin ≤ r ≤ Rmax and amplitude
Amin ≤ a ≤ Amax Develop a morphological filtering approach for cleaning up
the image. [8+8]
7. (a) What is false contouring?

(b) Differentiate
i. compression and decompression
ii. coding and decoding and
iii. mapper and demapper
(c) How the word distance is related with hamming code? [3+9+4]
8. (a) What is meant by statistical coding? Classify.

(b) Explain briefly about the types of statistical coding. [6+10]
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1. With a neat block diagram, explain an image capturing system. Also, explain
various image capturing devices. [16]
2. Give a detailed note about different point processing techniques. [16]
3. (a) State and explain convolution theorem on images.

(b) Discuss various factors that influence the brightness of a pixel in an image.
[8+8]
4. The mean and standard deviation of the background pixels in the image shown
are 110 and 15 respectively. The object pixels have mean and standard deviation
values of 200 and 40 respectively. Give a thresholding solution for segmenting the
objects of the image. [16]
5. Design a technique for detecting gaps of length ranging between 1 and L pixels in
line segments of a binary image. Assume that the lines are 1 pixel thick. [16]
6. (a) With necessary diagrams explain the operation of opening.

AΘB = ∩(A)−b
(b) Let A and B are two sets in Z 2 . Show that [8+8]
b∈B
7. (a) What is false contouring?

(b) Differentiate
i. compression and decompression
ii. coding and decoding and
iii. mapper and demapper
(c) How the word distance is related with hamming code? [3+9+4]
8. (a) On what basis the Huffman coding and arithmetic coding are useful for image
compression? Explain.
(b) What are the applications of lossy compression and lossless compression?
(c) Differentiate the Huffman coding and truncated Huffman coding. [6+5+5]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain in detail about different colour co-ordinate systems.

(b) Describe the chromaticity diagram. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the following gray level transformations :

i. Image negatives
ii. Log tansformations
iii. Power law transformations.
(b) Explain the need for histogram equalization. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain smoothing using rotating mask and the algorithm for this type of
smoothing.
(b) Explain what is spatial filtering. [10+6]
4. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Region splitting and merging

(b) Image segmentation based on boundary characteristics. [8+8]
5. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Second order detection

(b) Compass operators. [8+8]
6. (a) List the principle applications of morphology.

(b) Define Dilation and Erosion operations. Give examples
(c) Let A and B are two sets ofZ 2 andΦ is the empty set, show that
A ⊕ B = x/(B)x ∩ A 6= Φ= {c ⊂ Z2 /c = a + b for some a ∈ Aandb ∈

B} [4+6+6]
7. (a) Explain about

i. two dimensional run length coding
ii. contour coding.
(b) What do you mean by reversible in compression. [12+4]
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8. (a) What is meant by statistical coding? Classify.
(b) Explain briefly about the types of statistical coding. [6+10]
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Code No: RR410507 Set No.

2. Given an image of size 3× 3 as shown below:

3. How the following spatially dependent transforms are performed:

(a) Gradation removal by averaging and

4. Explain various discontinuity detection methods in detail with suitable examples.

6. (a) List the principle applications of morphology.

A ⊕ B = x/(B)x ∩ A 6= Φ= {c ⊂ Z2 /c = a + b for some a ∈ Aandb ∈

7. (a) What do you mean by compression? Briefly explain its requirement.

2. What is meant by histogram equalization. List the steps involved in histogram

3. (a) What procedure is followed to perform spatially dependent transforms.

4. Explain various discontinuity detection methods in detail with suitable examples.

6. (a) What is granulometry? Explain the different morphological operations used

7. (a) What is false contouring?

8. (a) What is meant by statistical coding? Classify.

2. Give a detailed note about different point processing techniques. [16]

3. (a) State and explain convolution theorem on images.

6. (a) With necessary diagrams explain the operation of opening.

7. (a) What is false contouring?

1. (a) Explain in detail about different colour co-ordinate systems.

2. (a) Explain the following gray level transformations :

4. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Region splitting and merging

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Second order detection

6. (a) List the principle applications of morphology.

A ⊕ B = x/(B)x ∩ A 6= Φ= {c ⊂ Z2 /c = a + b for some a ∈ Aandb ∈

7. (a) Explain about

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