Annotated Bibliography:

Primary Sources: "Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)." Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. <http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9805.html>. This primary source provided insight into Dorotheas Legacy and was used in the Mental Health Today page, and where here movement went after her departure, as well as mental healths gravitation towards the community aspect of mental health becoming a national obstacle instead of a national burden.

Bly, Nellie. Ten Days in a Mad-house. United States: S.n., 2011. Print. Nellie Bly, posing as "Nellie Brown," went undercover to investigate the deplorable conditions of insane asylums. Her memoirs of this event form the basis of "Ten Days in a Mad-House," which forever changed the way the world looks at treatment and housing of the insane. This was used in information for the Legacy page because it gave a look into what mental asylums are like today, and a glimpse into the investigation of Nellie Bly. "Disability History Museum--Memorial To The Legislature of Massachusetts." Disability History Museum. http://www.disabilitymuseum.org/dhm/lib/detail.html?id=737&page=all (accessed September 20, 2013). In this petition to the Massachusetts State Legislature, Dorothea Dix described her firsthand account of the atrocities witnessed in her two-year investigation of Massachusettss prisons and asylums. As an excellent writer, she appeals to legislators emotionally, explaining in detail the horrid conditions she discovered. This publication is not only written by the subject of our project, but it also features her in action, describing her findings from her two year investigation, and begging the legislator to provide funding for the state insane asylum in Worcester. Dix, Dorothea L. "American Moral Tales, for Young Persons." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <http://books.google.com/books?id=0dQLQQAACAAJ>. Researching primary documents and published works by Dorothea herself allowed for us to understand her opinions and her opposition to the treatment of the mentally ill.

Dix, Dorothea L. "A Review of the Present Conditions of the State Penitentiary of Kentucky : With Brief Notices and Remarks Upon the Jails and Poor-houses in Some of

the Most Populous Counties : Written by Request, Printed by Order of the Legislature." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <http://books.google.com/books?id=oY5LYgEACAAJ>. The primary document A Review of the Present Conditions of the State Penitentiary of Kentucky provided an important look into conditions of asylums that Dorothea experienced in her own research. This information was helpful in the creation of the asylum reform pages and the memorial pages. Dix, Dorothea L. "Memorial of D.L. Dix: Praying a Grant of Land for the Relief and Support of the Indigent Curable and Incurable Insane in the United States ..." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <http://books.google.com/books?id=Jct8lAEACAAJ>. As a primary source any Memorial to a United States Legislature for the Insane outlines Dorotheas strong beliefs and opnions regarding the Indignant Insane. This source proved useful in analyzing Dorotheas Pattern of Memorials to varying legislatures in our research. Memorial of Miss Dix, the Honorable the Senate an House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, in Reports of the Illinois State Hospital for the Insane, 1847- 1862. Chicago: F. Fulton & Co., 1863-, 9 31. After researching the extensive work that Dorothea demanded of herself and the memorials she had written and lobbied for in many state senates, it was important that each be carefully examined, and analyzed for congruency within the text, the arguments, and the beliefs. Memorials were mainly focused on in the page Dorotheas Memorial and this document provided us with the information needed to procede. Memorial. To the Legislature of Massachusetts. Boston: Munroe & Francis, 1843. The Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts was an important source in the page Dorotheas Memorial and was especially important in research of published works by Dorothea herself. Many of the primary documents that were written by her, are filled with great quotations and excerpts that we used, through attaching with Scribd could analyze first hand on the website.

Dix, Dorothea. "Remarks on Prisons and Prison Disciple in the United States (Google eBook)." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. <http://books.google.com/books?id=HZPSdcyeFbgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=d The primary source Remarks on Prisons and Prison Disciple in the United States by Dorothea Dix remained an important primary document throughout our research.

"I Tell What I Have Seen"-The Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix." American Public Health Association - I Tell What I Have SeenThe Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix. N.p., 2013. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. As a primary source, I tell what I have seen inspired a portion of our project describing what Dorothea witnessed in her research of asylums, and was a great source of quotes. "Larry King Reads a Letter from Carly." YouTube. YouTube, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWEGndUbVdw>. This primary source of a letter from Carly to Larry King describing the voice she has achieved through the autism programs she has been apart of, was used in our legacy page to illustrate the sharp contrast between the treatment of mentally ill patients from Dorotheas time period to present day. The American Journal of Insanity, Volume 23 (Google eBook). (n.d.). Google Books. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from <http://books.google.com/books?id=edw1AQAAMAAJ&dq=the+establishment+o> As a primary document this was a valuable source for information concerning the ideas of opposing reformists to Dorothea, especially Brigham, and his opposing views of Asylum management. Zigmond, Tony. "A Clinician's Brief Guide to the Mental Health Act." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <http://books.google.com/books?id=P02kVnp6k3sC>. Tony Zigmonds Brief guide to the Mental Health Act provided important primary excerpts and documents of The National Mental Health Act. Providing out project with the opportunity to analyze primary health care reform acts within the last 50 years.

Secondary Sources: "BBC - Primary History - Famous People - Elizabeth Fry." BBC - Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/famouspeople/elizabeth_fry/> This source provided a historical timeline of important events within Dorotheas life, and explained each date and significance with depth. This provided an important background knowledge for our topic. Brown, Thomas J. Dorothea Dix: New England Reformer. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1998.

As one of the most recent biographies chronicling Dixs life, Browns biography served particularly helpful, as it was the most up-to-date, and featured the most recent findings of the reformer.

Buckmaster, Henrietta. Women Who Shaped History. New York: Collier, 1966. Print. Buckmaster has written numerous historical books about the Underground Railroad, the Seminole Wars and more. This book about important woman in history provided a brief summary of Dorotheas childhood, and adult life.

Bulmer, Martin. The Social Basis of Community Care. London: Allen & Unwin, 1987. Bulmers thesis statement asserted, There is a vacuum at the heart of governments social care policy which is likely to lead to ineffective or deteriorating provision for those in need. In essence, Martin directly supported our finding that the modern mental health industry is riddled with decay, a result of corruption and graft of the gilded age. Casarez, Tana. "Dorothea Lynde Dix." Psychology History. The Bettman Archvives , n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2013. <www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/dix.htm> This website provided a comprehensive timeline of Dorotheas life, including all of her accomplishments as a child and an adult.

Colman, Penny. Breaking the chains: the crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix. White Hall, Va.: Shoe Tree Press, 1992. Penny Colman is a respected historian for influential females in history, she has written books analyzing Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and others. This source provided analysis of Dorotheas life, and her influence within the U.S. government.

Commager, Henry. "A Samaritan of the Nineteenth Century - Dorothea Dix's Contribution Was as Significant as Any in Her Time Dorothea Dix - FORGOTTEN SAMARITAN. By Helen B. Marshal. 298 pp. Chapel Hill - The University of North Carolina Press. - Review - NYTimes.com." Editorials, Columns, Op-Ed, Letters, Opinionator and More Opinion - The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 July 1937. Web. 30 Sept. 2013. <http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9504E6DE1E30EE32A25752C1A9619 C946694.>

This New York Times article described Dorotheas legacy as a forgotten Samaritan and a significant reformist of her time. This source was important information for our Dorotheas legacy page.

Deutsch, Albert . "Dorothea Lynde Dix: Apostle of the Insane." The American Journal of Nursing 36, no. 10 (1936): 987-997. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3413570 (accessed September 27, 2013). This source provided summary and analysis of Dorotheas nursing years, and analyzed the significance of her time spent as an army nurse. JSTOR provided many significant scholarly articles for research. Dolan, Edward F.The Insanity Plea. New York: F. Watts, 1984. Dolans publication offers information on the history of the insanity plea and the protection of the mentally ill under the eyes of the law.

"Dorothea Dix Hospital Admits Its First Patient." This Day in North Carolina History. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. The timeline of what happened to Dorotheas hospitals is an important element to the reform Dorothea crusaded for the mentally ill, this website outlined the timeline of one of Dorotheas larger hospitals, and added some new photographs to our collection.

Dix, Dorothea . "The Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix." The Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix. Excerpted from Dix, Dorothea, Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts. Boston: Munroe & Francis, 1843. Read More: http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.96.4.622, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10 This source provided us with the necessary information from excerpts from Dorotheas primary documents in her memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts. Dorotheas memorials were such an important part of her political reforms.

"Dorothea L. Dix And Federal Aid." Social Service Review 1.1 (1927): 117137.JSTORE. Web. 13 Sept. 1926. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/30009011> This JSTOR article about Dorothea and Federal Aid described her influence in politics regarding the aid of the mentally ill.

Frank B. Norbury, Dorothea Dix and the Founding of Illinois' First Mental Hospital, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) , Vol. 92, No. 1 (Spring, 1999), pp. 13-29 This source described the founding of the first mental hospital in Illinois founded by Dorothea Dix. This was an important piece of analyzing Dorotheas influence in the creation of mental asylums around the country, and was used primarily on the Dorothea Dix: Hospital Founder.

Ghareeb, LaDonna. "Learning to Give, Philanthropy education resources that teach giving and civic engagement." Learning to Give. http://learningtogive.org/papers/paper89.html (accessed September 20, 2013). Ghareeb offers a great deal of background in the life of Dorothea Dix. His research traces her entire history, offering a particularly illuminating account of her upbringing, which he says helped shape her future career as a reformer. Giesberg, Judith. "Ms. Dix Comes to Washington." Opinionator Ms Dix Comes to Washington Comments. New York Times, 27 Apr. 2011. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. The Giesberg article was an important source for finding accurate and valuable information about Dorotheas time working as a nurse. It provided in depth analysis, and a few important images.

Gollaher, David. Voice for the mad: the life of Dorothea Dix. New York: Free Press, 1995. Print. Gollaher graduated from Harvard University, and is now the CEO of a major technology institute in California. This source was by far our most valued source, presenting in depth analysis of specific moments and influences within Dorotheas life, and we used it more than any other secondary source. This offered an outstanding investigation of primary sources. He covered Dixs life in full, providing analysis and perspective. Unfortunately, he did not respond to our inquiry for an interview. Greenstone, J. David. "Dorothea Dix And Jane Addams: From Transcendentalism To Pragmatism In American Social Reform." Social Service Review 53, no. 4 (1979): 527-559. This JSTOR journal forged a link between Dorothea Dixs asylum movement and Jane Addamss housing movement, showing that the combination of benevolence and ambition during their particular time period is a rare manifestation.

Grob, Gerald N.. The mad among us: a history of the care of America's mentally ill. New York: Free Press ;, 1994. Grob provides one of the first comprehensive histories of care for the mentally ill. He demonstrates the flaws in the current system, their origins, and possibilities to improve them. Malone, Mary. Dorothea L. Dix: hospital founder. Champaign, Ill.: Garrard Pub. Co., 1968 Manon Parry is an exhibition curator, historian, and co-editor, of Women Physicians and the Culture of Medicine. This source provided an accurate summary of Dorotheas Childhood. Although a slightly simple text with little information, Malone does describe details that other authors failed in finding. One, in particular, is Malones mention of Dixs encounter with Louisa May Alcott. Malone explains that Alcott went on to describe her experience in her book, Hospital Sketches.

Marshal, Helen B. "A Samaritan of the Nineteenth Century; Dorothea Dix's Contribution Was as Significant as Any in Her Time DOROTHEA DIX: FORGOTTEN SAMARITAN. By Helen B. Marshal. A Samaritan of the Nineteenth Century. N.p., 11 July 1937. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. This article by New York Times writer Helen Marshal provided insight to Dorotheas legacy, and what mark she has left behind in history. I thought she had an interesting perspective of how Dorothea is forgotten.

"Medicine: Herded Like Cattle." TIME.com. N.p., 20 Dec. 1948. Web. 05 Oct. 2013. <http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799558,00.html>. Herded Like Cattle analyzed the treatment of the mentally ill in respect to Dorothea Dixs crusade saying that, [the mentally ill] are treated less brutally than they were 100 years ago when Dorothea Lynde Dix began her 40-year crusade.

"Mental Health Declaration of Human Rights." Mental Health Declaration of Human Rights. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. <http://www.cchr.org/about-us/mentalhealth-declaration-of-human-rights.html>. This organizations website provided a summary of the Mental Health Declaration of Human Rights, and gave our research a glimpse of the legacy Dorothea Dix provided.

"NC DSOHF: About Matters for Patients at Dorothea Dix Hospital." NC Department of Health and Human Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. <http://www.ncdhhs.gov/dsohf/services/di In describing the influence of Dorotheas mental asylum reform and how she founded dozens of hospitals across the U.S. for our website, this source provided a illustrated the importance of matters for patients are Dorothea Dix Hospital, and her legacy. Perry, Manon S. "Dorothea Dix (18021887)." NCBI. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2006. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470530/>. Manon Perry is an exhibition curator and historian, who graduated from the University of York with an MA in Womens Studies. Perrys article in the National Library of Medicine was an important document at the beginning of the project especially as it provided our group with the necessary historical context to understand Dixs life.

Philippe Pinel. (n.d.). Whonamedit -. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from <http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/10> This source outlined primary quotes, and background on psychiatric, and mental illness care. As well as contributing a brief, yet detailed, summary of the medical practices.

Ronson, Jon. The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry. New York: Riverhead Books, 2011. As an expos on the mental illness industry, this book behaves much in the way that Dorotheas Memorial did centuries before its publication. Both expose the atrocities of the mental health world.

Sharfstein, S. (n.d.). Textbook of Hospital Psychiatry (Google eBook). Google Books. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from <http://books.google.com/books?id=EC2hzV7ElAC&pg=PA2&dq=dorothea+dix+Amari a> Although this was a textbook, a secondary source, the Textbook of Hospital Psychiatry supplied our project with primary quotes, and information about Dorotheas relationship with other reformers within her life.

Sonya, Michel, Dorthea Dix; or, the Voice of the Maniac, Discourse , Vol. 17, No. 2, Insubordinate Bodies: Feminism, Spectacle, History (Winter 1994-1995), pp. 48-

66(http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41389368?uid=3739696&uid=2129&uid=2&u id=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21103108658501) The source Voice of the Maniac was valuable for its historical analysis and comparative essay style to Dorothea Dix and her asylum movement and Henry B. Stanton in the Abolition movement. It talks about feminism and how Dorothea portrayed that role of a strong female leader within her time period, though she was not directly involved with the suffrage movement.

TIFFANY, FRANCIS. "NEW PUBLICATIONS; DOROTHEA DIX, PHILANTHROPIST. LIFE OF DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX. By FRANCIS TIFFANY. Boston and New-York: HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co. 1890." NEW PUBLICATIONS. New York Times, 20 Oct. 1890. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. This article from the New York Times analyzed Dorotheas reasons not to become published during her life time, and how she valued privacy. This might be the reason why there are so few publications about her that were published during her life.

The Smithsonian. "Dorothea Dix by Samuel Bell Waugh." Dorothea Dix by Samuel Bell Waugh. http://www.civilwar.si.edu/leaders_dix.html# (accessed September 20, 2013). As one of the few portraits of Dix in circulation, this page not only describes the beautiful work of artist Samuel Bell Waugh, but it also provides context into the time at which the painting was created.

Trattner, Walter I. Homer Folks: Pioneer in Social Welfare. New York, London: Columbia Univ. Press, 1968. This source describes the work of Homer Folks, yet another reformer in favor of the mentally ill. Trattners publication explains that despite Dixs work nearly fifty years earlier, there was still plenty of room for reform.

"Treatments for Mental Illness." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/index.html> The timeline from PBS Mad in America series, was important for our research of the treatment of mental ill patients throughout history. This was an important resource because it outlined the treatments before, throughout, and after Dorotheas life.

Wayne, Bennett. Four Women of Courage. Champaign, Ill.: Garrard, 1975. Print. Wayne was a valuable source for historical analysis, Four Women of Courage was also a valuable source for analyzing Dorotheas childhood, as well as providing several images that were not found online, and only in this book.

Whitaker, Robert. Mad in America: bad science, bad medicine, and the enduring mistreatment of the mentally ill. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub., 2002. Whitaker surprisingly criticizes Dixs work in reforming the mental illness industry, claiming that it is her fault that the mental health community eventually resorted to custodial care rather than therapy and treatment.

Wilson, Dorothy Clarke. Stranger and Traveler: The Story of Dorothea Dix, American Reformer. Boston: Little, Brown, 1975. Written by a devout pastors wife, this source is written from the perspective of an admirer in awe of Dixs virtuous devotion to those less fortunate than herself. National Womens Hall of Fame. "Women of the Hall." Dorothea Dix. http://www.greatwomen.org/women-of-the-hall/search-the-hall/details/2/47-Dix (accessed September 20, 2013). Written to commemorate Dixs outstanding accomplishments as a female during a time of female oppression, this source provides a great deal of perspective into the difficulties Dix faced as a female reformer during a time of gender oppression.

Viney, Wayne. "Dorothea Dix." UUA Server for Other Organizations' Web Sites. Unitarian Universalist History and Heritage Society, n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2013. <http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/dorotheadix.html> This source is a valuable summary of Dorotheas life, and also lead to multiple primary sources, and secondary historical documents such as Voice for the Mad. In addition to providing the customary description of Dixs life and accomplishments, this source sheds light upon her accomplishments as a young adult, explaining that she opened a childrens school when she was practically still a child herself, publishing childrens books and caring for those less fortunate than herself.

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