Detecting Lies - Research and Resources

Lying Articles, Links, Videos and More

Since publishing How to Detect Lies, I recieve tons of email from students, writers and researchers requesting more information on lie detection. Visitors have asked about or commented on bod language, statement anal sis, micro e!pressions, forensic ps cholog , etc. "his led me to researching and creating more articles, and now #How to Detect Lies# has grown into $% part series. In addition, ou&ll find tons of related articles, videos, book suggestions and web sites of interest if ou are searching for more detailed information. 'Last update( )arch *$th, *+,*.ump to Section( Lie Detection /rticles 0 Links 1lsewhere 0 Lie Detection Videos 0 L ing 2 3orensic 4s ch. 5ooks

However, I am not an e!pert on lie detection ... 6ust an information gatherer 7 publisher. 'and mom- "his page is for those who, like me, need as much information on a topic as possible. I&ve worked to put together thoroughl researched articles with lots of illustrations and tons of links, videos and books for those looking to stud the nitt 8gritt of the sub6ects covered here.

Luck for ou, I have even managed to get an e!pert guest author( )ark )c9lish. :ou&ll find his introduction to statement anal sis reall interesting. "here are also plent of links for those interested in stud ing forensic ps cholog . Videos dealing with a range of topics from pol graphs to statement anal sis can also be found near the bottom of the page along with recommended books on lies and deception.

Lie Detection Information - How to Detect Lies

3eatures here on 5lifaloo. / selection of articles covering different theories of lie detection, both through bod language gestures and verbal cues. 5roken into $ tast parts for eas digestion. General Lying ues ! "ody Language#

How to Detect Lies 'part ,- ;88 4opular Learn the secrets to become a human lie detector. <eneral overview of both verbal and non8verbal cues that signal deception. "his has long been the most popular article on 5lifaloo.com

$ye Mo%ement and Lying 'part *How to tell if someone is l ing based on the movements of their e es. =ead the research behind this theor of e e direction and what it can reveal about our inner state of mind.

Micro $&'ressions and Lying 'part >)icro 1!pressions betra us when we lie. ?e can tr to cover our feelings with fake smiles, but involuntar face muscles reveal this hidden emotions. <ood introduction with plent of links and resources.

(orensic Linguistics#

)tatement Analysis - Intro and Resources 'part @Introduction to the process used b investigators for anal Aing a personBs words to determine if the sub6ect is being truthful or deceptive. 5 guest author )ark )c9lish, =etired C.S. Secret Service 3ederal )arshall.

)tatement Analysis *ni+ue ,ords# -.e%er- 'part @bDetecting Deception Csing Statement /nal sis. )ark )c9lish e!plains how the word #never# can be a signal of deception...if ou know what to look 'or listen- for.

*ni+ue ,ords# -Actually- 'part @c?hen people use the word Dactuall E the are comparing two thoughts. "ake a look at the following article for )ark )c9lish&s e!pert take on this unique word in its relation to deception. ?ord nerdF :ou ma also be interested in m Linguistics =esource page.

/he 0sychology of Lies#

/he 0sychology of Lying 8 'part $- ;88 Gewest ?h do people lie, and how oftenF

/lso touches on pathological liars along with further resources on the web and recommended books.

How to Detect Lies

"ecome a Human Lie Detector 10art 23
?arning( sometimes ignorance is bliss. /fter gaining this knowledge, ou ma be hurt when it is obvious that someone is l ing to ou. "he following deception detection techniques are used b police, forensic ps chologists, securit e!perts and other investigators.

Introduction to Detecting Lies#

"his knowledge is also useful for managers, emplo ers, and for an one to use in ever da situations where telling the truth from a lie can help prevent ou from being a victim of fraud2scams and other deceptions. "his is 6ust a basic run down of ph sical 'bod language- gestures and verbal cues that ma indicate someone is being untruthful. If ou got here from somewhere else, be sure to check out our Lie Detection inde! page for more info including new research in the field of forensic ps cholog . Last update( )arch *Hth, *+,*.

)igns of Dece'tion#
"ody Language of Lies#
I 4h sical e!pression will be limited and stiff, with few arm and hand movements. Hand, arm and leg movement are toward their own bod the liar takes up less space. I / person who is l ing to ou will avoid making e e contact. I Hands touching their face, throat 7 mouth. "ouching or scratching the nose or behind their ear. .ot likely to touch his chest2heart with an open hand.

$motional Gestures ! ontradiction

I "iming and duration of emotional gestures and emotions are off a normal pace. "he displa of emotion is dela ed, sta s longer it would naturall , then stops suddenl .

I "iming is off between emotions gestures2e!pressions and words. 1!ample( Someone sa s #I love itJ# when receiving a gift, and then smile after making that statement, rather then at the same time the statement is made. I <estures2e!pressions donBt match the verbal statement, such as frowning when sa ing DI love ou.E I 1!pressions are limited to mouth movements when someone is faking emotions 'like happ , surprised, sad, awe, -instead of the whole face. 3or e!ampleK when someone smiles naturall their whole face is involved( 6aw2cheek movement, e es and forehead push down, etc. /lso see our article on micro e!pressions 7 l ing.

Interactions and Reactions

I / guilt person gets defensive. /n innocent person will often go on the offensive.

I / liar is uncomfortable facing his questioner2accuser and ma turn his head or bod awa . I / liar might unconsciousl place ob6ects 'book, coffee cup, etc.- between themselves and ou.

Ver4al onte&t and ontent

I / liar will use our words to make answer a question. ?hen asked, DDid ou eat the last cookieFE "he liar answers, DGo, I did not eat the last cookie.E I/ statement with a contraction is more likely to 4e truthful( D I didn&t do itE instead of DI did not do itE

I Liars sometimes avoid #l ing# b not making direct statements. "he impl answers instead of den ing something directl . I "he guilt person ma speak more than natural, adding unnecessar details to convince ou... the are not comfortable with silence or pauses in the conversation. I / liar ma leave out pronouns and speak in a monotonous tone. ?hen a truthful statement is made the pronoun is emphasiAed as much or more than the rest of the words in a statement. I ?ords ma be garbled and spoken softl , and s nta! and grammar ma be off. In other words, his sentences will likel be muddled rather than emphasiAed. I "he use of distancing language. /lso see our article on Statement /nal sis for a more in8depth look at word anal sis techniques used b interrogators.

5ther signs of a lie#

I If ou believe someone is l ing, then change sub6ect of a conversation quickl , a liar follows along willingl and becomes more rela!ed. "he guilt wants the sub6ect changedK an innocent person ma be confused b the sudden change in topics and will want to back to the previous sub6ect. I Csing humor or sarcasm to avoid a sub6ect.

(inal .otes#

Lbviousl , 6ust because someone e!hibits one or more of these signs does not make them a liar. "he above behaviors should be compared to a persons base 'normal- behavior whenever possible. )ost lie detecting e!perts agree that a combination of bod language and other cues must be used to make an educated guess on whether someone is telling the truth or a lie.

1 e Direction and L ing

$ye Mo%ement and Direction ! How it an Re%eal /ruth or Lies
"his is a continuation of our previous article Detecting Lies. )an comments b our visitors asked about how e e direction can indicate the presence of a lie. 9an the direction a person&s e es reveal whether or not the are making a truthful statementF Short answer( sort of. 5ut, it isn&t as simple as some recent television shows or movies make it seem. In these shows a detective will deduce if a person is being untruthful simpl because the looked to the left or right while making a statement. In realit , it would be foolish to make such a snap 6udgment without further investigation... but the technique does have some merit. So, here it is... read, ponder and test it on our friends and famil to see how reliable it is for ourself.

Visual Accessing ues - -Lying $yes"he first time #Visual /ccessing 9ues# were discussed 'at least to m knowledge-, was b =ichard 5andler and .ohn <rinder in their book #3rogs into 4rinces( Geuro Linguistic 4rogramming 'GL4- # 3rom their e!periments this is what the found.

,hen asked a +uestion a -normally organi6ed- right-handed 'erson looks 'from our viewpoint, looking at them-#

*' and to the Left Indicates( Visually Constructed Images 1Vc3 If ou asked someone to #Imagine a purple buffalo#, this would be the direction their e es moved in while thinking about the question as the #Visuall 9onstructed# a purple buffalo in their mind.

*' and to the Right Indicates( Visually Remembered Images 1Vr3 If ou asked someone to #?hat color was the first house ou lived inF#, this would be the direction their e es moved in while thinking about the question as the #Visuall =emembered# the color of their childhood home.

/o the Left Indicates( Auditory Constructed 1Ac3 If ou asked someone to #"r and create the highest the sound of the pitch possible in our head#, this would be the direction their e es moved in while thinking about the question as the #/uditoril 9onstructed# this this sound that the have never heard of.

/o the Right Indicates( Auditory Remembered 1Ar3 If ou asked someone to #=emember what their mother&s voice sounds like #, this would be the direction their e es moved in while thinking about the question as the #/uditoril =emembered # this sound.

Down and to the Left Indicates( (eeling 7 8inesthetic 1(3 If ou asked someone to #9an ou remember the smell of a campfireF #, this would be the direction their e es moved in while thinking about the question as the used recalled a smell, feeling, or taste.

Down and /o the Right Indicates( Internal Dialog 1Ai3 "his is the direction of someone e es as the #talk to themselves#.

/he Gist of it999

How this information is used to detect lies(

$&am'le# Let&s sa our child asks ou for a cookie, and ou ask( #?ell, what did our mother sa F# /s the repl #)om said... es.#, the look to the left. "his would indicate a made up answer as their e es are showing a #constructed image or sound. Looking to the right would indicated a #remembered# voice or image, and thus would be telling the truth.

(inal .otes#
MMM Looking straight ahead or with e es that are defocused2unmoving is also considered a sign of visual accessing. MMM / t pical left8handed person would have the opposite meanings for their e e8 directions. MMM /s with other signs of l ing, ou should first establish and understand a persons base8behavior before concluding the are l ing b the direction of their e es. MMM )an critics believe the above is a bunch of bullMMMt. In m own e!periments I have found these techniques to be more true than not. 5ut, wh not find out for ourselfF )ake

up a list of questions that like the sample ones, and give them to our friends2famil an one who would be our guinea pig, observe their e e movements and record the results. MMM "his guide is hardl in8depth, I recommend getting the book #3rogs into 4rinces( Geuro Linguistic 4rogramming# b =ichard 5andler and .ohn <rinder for a more thorough e!planation if the sub6ect interests ou.

)icro 1!pressions, Subtle 5od Language and L ing

Is the show -Lie to Me- for real:
I am not a police interrogator, scientist, or other e!pert... I am however a mother 7 people watcher. :ears ago, when I wrote articles on How to Detect Lies 7 1 e )ovement and L ing 88 I knew of the )icro e!pression theor , but had a difficult time researching the sub6ect well enough to rela it into an article. =ecentl , I&ve come across tons of new research, websites, articles, videos, etc. about micro e!pressions and believe an one who reads m old articles about l ing 7 bod language would benefit from micro e!pression research and theor .

,hat are Micro $&'ressions:

/ micro e!pression is a momentar involuntar facial e!pression 88 that people unconsciousl displa when the are hiding an emotion. "he are quick 7 intense e!pressions of concealed emotion. "he main points to remember are that micro e!pressions are( "rief 8 )icro8e!pressions can appear then disappear off the face in a fraction of a second. In other words micro8e!pressions occur so quickl , that most people don&t even notice them.

In%oluntary 8 / micro8e!pression is caused b involuntar movements in facial muscles. 'See the fake8smile illustration -. )ost people cannot control these involuntar muscles which are affected b their emotions. )icro 1!pressions are generall grouped into seven universal emotions( anger, disgust, fear, sadness, ha''iness, sur'rise, and contem't.

A "rief History of Micro $&'ression /heory

/ccording to ?ikipedia 8 )icro 1!pressions were first discovered b Haggard and Isaacs in the ,NH+s. In ,NHH, Haggard and Isaacs outlined how the discovered these #micromomentar # e!pressions published under the title( #)icromomentar facial e!pressions as indicators of ego mechanisms in ps chotherap #.

/lthough it is not included in most histories of micro e!pressionsK I would like to point out that Darwin&s book #"he 1!pression of the 1motions in )an and /nimals# published in ,OP* deserves a mention. Darwin noted the uni%ersal nature of facial e&'ressions, the muscles used in facial e!pressions, etc. 9heck out more illustrations from Darwin&s book . /lso worth noting is <uillaume Duchenne and the Duchenne Smile. )ost websites I can find ne!t list ?illiam 9ondon as a pioneer who studied hours of tapes in the ,NH+s frame b frame to discover micro movements like micro e!pressions. I can find little info on this research but there is some other interesting bod language 7 verbal e!pression 2 GL4 research b a Dr. ?illiam S. 9ondon 'I&m NNQ sure it&s the

same dude 8 contact me if ou have an info on the ,NH+s micro e!pression research b 9ondon as cited on wikipedia-. Lthers mentioned as pioneering researchers in the field include .ohn <ottman and 4aul 1ckman. Dr. 4aul 1kman&s research 'along with the work of Silvan "omkins - in the stud of emotions and their relation to facial e!pressions took Darwin&s work to the ne!t level proving that facial e!pressions of emotion are not culturall determined, but biological in origin and universal across human cultures. 1ckman co8developed the 3acial /ction 9oding S stem '3/9S- with ?allace V. 3riesen in ,NPH. 3/9S is a s stem to ta!onomiAe human facial e!pressions, and still used toda b ps chologists, researchers and animators. Dr. 1kman has published man books on emotions, facial e!pressions and lie detection including Cnmasking the 3ace( / <uide to =ecogniAing 1motions 3rom 3acial 1!pressions and "elling Lies( 9lues to Deceit in the )arketplace, 4olitics, and )arriage.

Micro-$&'ressions and Lying

)icro 1!pressions betra us when we lie. ?e can tr to cover our feelings with fake smiles, but involuntar face muscles reveal this hidden emotions. Seeing is easier, watch this short video( ')ore )icro 1!pression Video Links 5elow4aul 1kman and his research is the inspiration for the "V series #Lie to )e# .

"rained investigators, customs agents, etc. use micro e!pression recognition along with other bod language 7 speech cues 'see distancing language for an e!ample- to determine truthfulness. ?hile most people can be trained to recogniAe micro e!pressions and other deceptive cues, some folks are naturals. 1kman calls them #"ruth ?iAards# .

Latest Micro $&'ression Research ! /raining

Dr. 4aul 1kman and Dr. David )atsumoto created )1"", an online micro e!pression training tool. )1"" and )1""* are being discontinued, but both 1kman and )atsumoto have developed their own micro e!pression training software available on their respective sites. 'listed below-. Dr. )ark 3rank, a former student of 1kman&s, continues work on deception and micro facial movement research. 3rank identified specific and sometimes involuntar

movements of the @@ human facial muscles linked to fear, distrust, stress and other emotions related to deception. 3rank&s work is being tested for it&s use in anti8terrorism investigations. 'see press release -

My 5'inion
/nother important thing to remember about micro8e!pressions is that the onl show what someone is feeling...not whether the l ing per8se, and not what the are thinking. "he micro8e!pression onl tells ou their knee86erk emotional state. 'in m opinion-. I believe 'with no proof or scientific basis- that micro8e!pressions can also reveal emotions that are unconscious or onl partiall related to whatever is being talk about. In other words, 6ust because someone sa s #that&s awesomeJ# and flashes a brief micro8 e!pression of contempt ... doesn&t necessaril mean the are l ing about their feelings.... 6ust that there is something about the sub6ect that #bugs# them 'and the ma not even know it bothers them-. So, ou show our friend Sarah a picture of our new dog. She looks at ou and sa s #wow, reall cute#, but ou catch a micro8e!pression glimpse of #disgust#. I believe it would be presumptuous to take this as a sign that Sarah thinks our pupp is ugl . She ma have been bit b a dog in the past, and that emotion briefl flashed across her face when she looked at the pic of our dog. ' I&m 6ust cautioning readers who can see micro8e!pressions from simplif ing and presuming too much 88 human thoughts and emotions are complicatedJ -

Detecting Dece'tion *sing )tatement Analysis;

How 0eo'le<s ,ords "etray /hem

5 )ark )c9lish 8 Statement/nal sis.com Introduction b 5lifaloo( I am super e!cited to introduce m readers interested in lie detection to #Statement /nal sisR# 88 a technique used b police and other investigators to determine the truthfulness of written or spoken words. <uest author )ark )c9lish is a well8respected retired Deput Cnited States )arshal, and an e!pert in interviewing techniques. :ou&ll find more info 7 links about his research at the end of this article.

Intro to )tatement Analysis

Statement /nal sis is the process of anal Aing a personBs words to determine if the sub6ect is being truthful or deceptive. "he reason these techniques work is because peopleBs words will betra them. "here are usuall several wa s ou can phrase a statement. 4eople will alwa s word their statement based on all their knowledge. "herefore, their statement ma include information the did not intend to share. It is nearl impossible to give a length deceptive statement without revealing it is a lie. "he Statement /nal sis techniques are ver accurate because the are based on the 1nglish language specificall word definitions and the rules of grammar. 3or e!ample, when a person states, DI am tr ing to be honestE he is telling us he is not being honest. "he word DtriedE means he is onl attempting to be truthful. ?hen a rape victim uses the pronoun DweE in her statement she is revealing she is being deceptive. "he pronoun DweE not onl shows pluralit but it also means a partnership was formed. ?e would not e!pect a rape victim to partner up with her attacker. ?hen a person uses phrases such as

Dlater onE or DafterwardsE he has withheld some information b skipping over something in his stor . /n e!ample of utiliAing the rules of grammar would be to anal Ae the verb tenses in a statement. ?hen a person is telling us what happened, he is required to speak in the past tense. "herefore, if present tense language appears in his statement, this is a sign he is making up the stor . 9onsider the following statement( DI was sitting in m car when a man opened m door, pointed a gun at me and tells me to get out.E ?hile the person starts out using past tense language, he switches to present tense language with the word Dtells.E "he present tense language is an indication he is not drawing his stor from memor . /nother e!ample of using the rules of grammar to detect deception is how a person uses articles within his statement. ?hen we introduce someone or something that is unknown, we are required to use the indefinite articles DaE or Dan.E Lnce the introduction has been made, we then use the definite article Dthe.E ?e see this in the following statement( D/ man approached me and pointed a gun at me. He stuck the gun in m ribs and forced me into the car.E

In the first sentence, the victim properl refers to the attacker and the weapon as Da manE and Da gun.E Having identified the gun, he then correctl refers to it as Dthe gunE in the second sentence. / problem arises when he refers to the vehicle as Dthe car.E Since this is the first time he mentions the vehicle, he should have called it Da car.E Csing the article DtheE tells us the victim either recogniAed the car or he is making up the stor . )an times the truth goes unnoticed because people like to interpret what a person has said. However, ou should never interpret. 3irst, one cannot read someone elseBs mind. Secondl , people mean e!actl what the are sa ing. ?e see a good e!ample of this with L... SimpsonBs so called suicide letter. "his was the letter that was discovered when Simpson failed to turn himself into the police. "he letter starts out sa ing, D3irst ever one understand, I had nothing to do with GicoleBs murder.E "hat is how ou heard it read on television. "hat is how ou saw it printed in the newspapers and magaAines. "he problem is that is not what Simpson wrote. In his letter,

he crossed out the words DI had.E His letter actuall reads, D3irst ever one understand, nothing to do with GicoleBs murder.E He took himself out of the denial9 So, wh do most people include the words DI hadFE )ost likel because the believe this is what Simpson meant. However, people mean e!actl what the sa or in this case write. Simpson meant to cross out those words. 5 using the Statement /nal sis techniques, ou can determine e!actl what people are telling ou. "his allows ou to obtain additional information that sometimes goes unnoticed. "hese techniques will also show ou if the are l ing or telling the truth.

Reading $yes
"ody Language of the Human $ye
guest author( /riel Lehrer
Is it possible to read someone's thoughts by gazing into their eyes? What body language cues can we gather just from observing eye movement?

If onl ou would have known that the funn little emoticons ou were drawing when ou were a kid would become the big business the are toda . 9ertainl ou would have cashed in. Gobod had to tell ou that e ebrows angled down meant angr , angled up was sad, arched was surprised. :ou knew instinctivel that e es have a lot to sa about what a person is thinking and feeling. "hat&s because the abilit to read a person&s intentions based on e e movement develops at about the age of four. 5ut there&s a whole lot more to know about what the e es have to sa than what simple face images can tell.

Right "rained or Left:

"he direction of a person&s gaAe alone reveals a whole world of what is going on behind the forehead. 9on6ugate lateral e e movements, or 9L1)S, are involuntar e e movements to the left or right and can indicate whether a person is engaged in s mbolic or visual thinking. / ,NNN stud showed that people are predominantl left or right lookers and that P$Q of their e e movements will be in one direction or the other. "his is a good indication of whether ou are dealing with a more anal tical left brain person who will mostl look to the right or a creative right brain person who is probabl looking to the left.

Lying $yes
"he stor changes a little when ou are not tr ing to assess the person&s thought patterns but posing a question directl to them. 5lifaloo&s article D1 e Direction and L ingE discusses at greater length determining a person&s truthfulness based on the direction of their gaAe. :ou can tell whether a person is constructing or remembering information b the direction in which the are looking. )eaning, if ou ask them to describe an e!perience and the look up and to the left from our viewpoint, in the direction of visual construction, the are probabl making it up rather than remembering. / gaAe downward can also indicate guilt or shame because the person knows their statements to be false. 5e careful with these cues. "he are indications but the are not foolproof. Dr. 5ella De4aulo, a ps chologist at the Cniversit of Virginia, reported in ,NOH that people think that the are much better than the actuall are at reading bod language. )ost people inaccuratel believed that Dshift e esE meant a person was l ing. / person&s bod language response when defending themselves against the accusation that the have lied is identical to the bod language used during l ing. Geuro linguistic programming e!perts 'GL4- would caution that the rule of thumb is to use a minimum of four bod language cues to make 6udgments about a person&s thoughts.

/he $yes Link to the )enses

"he gaAe of a person&s e es can also tell ou whether the are in a visual, auditor , or kinesthetic mode of thinking.

"he visual mode means that the person is supporting their thoughts with images. "he e es will be looking either upward or forward and unfocused. In the auditor mode, thoughts are described as sounds. /t these times, the person will be looking to the sides, in the directions of their ears. /nd kinesthetic thinking means that the person is describing feelings to ou. "he e es will generall gaAe downward. 9oupling this knowledge with what ou have alread learned, ou will now have to rel on several additional cues to decide whether this is guilt or deep introspection.

/he $yes in (lirting ! Inter'ersonal Relationshi's

If a person is looking ou directl in the e e, ou would likel believe that the are more dominant than submissive. /ccording to Dr. =obert <ifford reporting in ,NN, in the .ournal of 4ersonalit and Social 4s cholog , most people mistakenl believed that a direct gaAe meant that a person was dominant. It&s actuall the reverse( the more submissive partner has to attend to the more dominant one and will be looking to the

other person&s e es to gauge reactions more often. 1 e movement along with other bod language is a better indicator, such as dominant people fiddle with ob6ects less than submissive people. /nother downward e e movement is the momentar e e contact and then downward gaAe that women unconsciousl use while flirting. "his gaAe probabl could also be categoriAed as submissive. 5ut like the other e e movements alread mentioned, Susan =abin, communications consultant and author of D,+, ?a s to 3lirtE advises that e e contact plus other bod language are important for flirting. "he e e contact used during flirting 7 other interpersonal e!changes can take man forms. )ore 5od Language 7 =elated 3eatures on 5lifaloo.com( How to Detect Lies Learn the secrets to become a human lie detector. 1 e )ovement and L ing How to tell if someone is l ing based on the movements of their e es. 3lirting 5od Language Learn how men and women use non8 verbal communication in courtship. "his article from the 559 relationships web page describes how e e movement indicates the level of relationship a person has with someone and whether the have reached the level of flirting. "he call it the flirting triangle. 1 es move from one side of a triangle across to the other and down to the point of the triangle. In a flirtatious situation it opens up much more broadl to include the entire bod . <aAing at the mouth is considered quite sensual. / person who is interested in the other will probabl blink faster and their pupils will dilate. 4robabl tr ing to get a better look. Cnconsciousl the other person will mimic the blinking. /pparentl when we see someone to whom we are attracted, our e ebrows rise and fall slightl . If the person feels likewise the usuall unconsciousl return the gesture. I think I remember a cartoon wolf from m childhood doing that with his e ebrows when he saw red riding hood. Lr ma be I&m getting confused with <roucho )ar!. Hard to tell the difference.

9heck out our article about the 5od Language of 3lirting to learn more about e e contact and other flirting cues. In a business relationship, the e e contact will remain at e e level with the bottom of the triangle being the bridge of the nose. 5etween friends, the bottom of the triangle will e!tend to the mouth.

onclusion
?ith all this information, ou should be able to read minds solel through e e contact...or at least draw much more effective emoticons than ou ever thought possible. Have our own tips or commentsF 4lease feel to share them below.