EXPERIMENT - TEST FOR LIPIDS

INTRODUCTION Biological molecule is large molecules that are abundantly found in living organisms and are essential for life. There are four major types of biological molecules there are carbohydrate, protein, lipids and nucleic acid.

Proteins have an incredible variety of functions in living organisms. The functions of proteins include but are not limited to:

acting as biological catalysts forming structural parts of organisms participating in cell signal and recognition factors acting as molecules of immunity

Nucleic Acids consist of two distinct, but closely related chemical forms: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The main functions of these biomolecules include the storage of all heritable information of all organisms on earth and the conversion of this information into proteins. Carbohydrates are the major source of food and the major form of energy for most living organisms. When carbohydrates combine together to form polymers they can function as long term food storage molecules, as protective coverings for cells and organisms, as the main structural support for land plants and constituents of many cells and their contents. Lipids are the major constituents of all membranes in all cells. They also serve as food storage molecules. This class of biological molecules includes the hydrophobic fats, oils and waxes

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this lab was to determining the presence of lipids by adding Sudan IV solution.

PROBLEM STATEMENT How to determine the presence of lipids in stock solution by adding Sudan IV solution?

HYPOTHESIS Presence of lipids can be detected by adding Sudan IV solution.

VARIABLES:Manipulated: Type of solution Responding: Presence of lipids Fixed: Volume of solution

APPARATUS Test tubes in test tube rack Distilled water (dH2O) Vegetable oil Honey Dropper bottle of Sudan IV Vortex mirror Piece of uncoated paper (grocery bag) PROCEDURE UNCOATED PAPER TEST 1) A drop of distilled water and a drop of vegetable oil was placed on a piece of grocery bag. Aside was set for 10 minutes. 2) After 10 minutes, the appearance of each spot on the paper was described.

3) A drop of each test substance on a labeled spot was placed on the grocery bag piece. Set aside to dry for 10 minutes. 4) After 10 minutes, the appearance of each spot was described on the paper.

PROCEDURE SUDAN IV TEST 1) 3 ml of dH2O was added to each test tube and then 3ml of each substances indicated in table to appropriate tube. 2) 9 drops of Sudan IV was added to each test tube, the tube was agitate by shaking side to side and then 2ml of dH2O was added to each test tube.

RESAULT TUBE CONTENTS INITIAL COLOUR COLOUR AFTER ADDING SUDAN IV SOLUTION 1) 2) 3) dH2O Vegetable oil Honey Colourless Yellowish Yellowish Colourless Orange Brown Absence of lipids Present of lipids Present of lipids CONCLUSION

DISCUSSION Lipids are hydrophobic (water-hating). Lipids, contain more energy per unit weight then carbohydrates. Therefore it is more efficient for the body to use lipids as stored energy. Lipids are fat molecules and there are many different kinds. Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule bonded in an ester linkage. The base elements of these molecules are C, H and O. Like lipids, the chemical Sudan IV is not soluble in water; it is, however, soluble in lipids. Therefore to test for the presence of lipids in a solution you will use a Sudan IV Test. In this test dark red Sudan IV is added to a solution along with ethanol to dissolve any possible lipids. If lipids are present the Sudan IV will stain them reddish-orange, giving a positive test.

SOURCE OF ERROR 1) Do not put same volume of stock solution. 2) The time for solution for dry not accurate 10 minutes. 3) Do not shaking well the mixture of solution.

LIMITATION

1) Do not have enough time to do this experiment. 2) Inside pipette have air bubble because of that, the amount of solution do not same.

CONCLUSION Presence of lipids can be detected by adding Sudan IV solution. Hypothesis was accepted.

FURTHER WORK 1) Use other than Iodines solution for test presence or absence of starch in stock solution. 2) Use more stock of solution. 3) Do this experiment with other of stock solution.

REFERENCE http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/jcarmich/101lab/lab3/lab3.html http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Macromol.html http://homepages.ius.edu/gkirchne/biomolec.htm