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1 3 2 1 4 4 4
(a c + ac2 + b3 a2 + ba2 + c3 b2 + cb2 ) ≥ · 6a 3 b 3 c 3 ≥ 3a2 b2 c2 ,
2 2
the last inequality being true because abc ≤ 1, which follows from a + b + c = 3
and the AM-GM inequality.
a b c 3 a
Solution 2. The inequality b2 +1 + c2 +1 + a2 +1 ≥ 2 is equivalent to a − b2 +1 +
2 2 2
b − c2b+1 + c − a2c+1 ≤ 32 ,
so bab bc ca 3 2
2 +1 + c2 +1 + a2 +1 ≤ 2 . Because a + 1 ≥ 2a (and
the two permutations), it follows that the left hand side is less than or equal to
1 3 2
2 (ab + bc + ca) ≤ 2 , since 3(ab + bc + ca) ≤ (a + b + c) = 9.
From the second solution we find the following problem:
Problem. Let n be an integer greater than 3 and let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be nonneg-
ative real numbers such that a1 + a2 + · · · + an = 2. Find the minimum of the
expression a2a+1
1
+ a2a+1
2
+ · · · + a2a+1
n
.
2 3 1
1
Note that the increased number of variables thwarts any attempt to resolve
the problem in the manner of the first solution.
1 4(a1 a2 + · · · + an−1 an + an a1 )
(a1 a2 + · · · + an−1 an + an a1 ) =
2 8
(a1 + a2 + · · · + an )2 22 1
≤ = = .
8 8 2
a a2 a a2
Hence a21+12 + · · · + a2n+11 ≤ 12 , so a2a+1
1
+ a2a+1
2
+ · · · + aa2n−1 + a2a+1
n
≥ 32 . Equality
2 1 2 3 n +1 1
holds when, for example, a1 = a2 = 1, a3 = · · · = an = 0, so the minimum is
indeed 32 .