Course Name : Electronics Engineering Group Semester : Fourth

Course Code: IE/IS/IC/IU

Subject Title : Power Electronics Teaching and Examination Scheme: Teaching Scheme TH 02 TU -PR 02 PAPER HRS. 03 TH 80

Subject Code: 9074

Examination Scheme TEST 20 PR -OR -TW 25@ TOTAL 125

Rationale: Modern technology strongly relies on the ubiquitous availability of electric energy. Energy performs most of physical labour, provides heating, lighting, activates electromechanical process etc. Power electronics is a branch of engineering devoted to conversion & control of electric power using electronic converters based on semiconductor power switches, like thyristor power transistor, power MOSFET, IGBT. The vast application area of power electronics include power conditioner , electric lighting, power distribution , generation , transmission , process control & factory automation & electromechanical application like welding, electroplating, induction heating etc. The basic power electronics subject is a core group subject which forms the conceptual background for studying higher level subjects like Industrial Electronics, Electrical Drives, Advanced Industrial Electronics. This subject deals with the understanding of power electronic semiconductor switches from thyristor family, one of the converters i.e. ac to dc converter & few industrial circuits using thyristor as static switch. This subject develops cognitive & psychomotor skills in students. Objectives: The student will be able to: 1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] 8] 9] Describe operating principle of semiconductor power electronic switches. Draw constructional diagrams of Power Diode, SCR, and Triac. Test SCR & Triac. Find parameters of SCR like Vbo, holding current, latching current etc. Read data manual & identify devices. Describe turn on & turn off methods of thyristor. Analyse few simple industrial circuits. Describe ac phase control method to control output power. Compare types of ac to dc converter.

Learning Structure:

Application

To understand power electronics devices & their industrial, residential & utility applications

3 Un-control rectifier using power diode Procedure

1, 3 controlled rectifier Application of SCR, Triac as static Switch

AC to DC Converter

Concept Trigger devices PUT, UJT, SUS, SCS, SBS, DIAC, LASCR

Trigger circuits with active & passive components

Power control switches: Diode, SCR, TRIAC

Commutation Circuits

Fact

Semiconductor physics, diode, BJT, FET

Contents: Theory Chapter Name of the Topic 1. Power electronic semiconductor switches. 1.1 Need for high power semiconductor switches. 1.2 Power diode: Construction & important constructional feature for high power , large on state current & large reverse voltage capacity, Characteristics, Specifications, Listing of applications 1.3 Thyristors: Power control thyristors- SCR, Triac , GTO 1.3.1 SCR Symbol , Construction (doping levels of layers) Transistorized equivalent circuit. Operating principle , Characteristics , Specifications , Anode current holding & latching current, on state voltage, VBO 01 1.3.2 TRIAC: Layer diagram , operating principle , four modes of operation , Triac characteristics. 1.3.3 GTO Construction , operating principle, specifications - Maximum controllable anode current GTO turn off gain, Maximum gate to cathode reverse voltage. 1.4 Ideal switch characteristics 1.5 Triggering devices : UJT , PUT , SUS , SBS , SCS , DIAC, LASCR layer diagram , Characteristics , operating principle , specifications. 10 20 Hours Marks

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Triggering methods of thyristors: 2.1 Mechanisms with which SCR turns on: 2.1.1 Large VAK V BO 2 .1.2 Gate triggering 2.1.3 dv/dt triggering (specification dv/dt rating) 2.1.4 Light triggering 2.1.5 Temp triggering. Gate specifications of thyristorsGate current : Igmin , Igmax Gate voltage : VGmin , VGmax Turn on time , Switching Power loss . Advantages of gate triggering. 2.2 Pulse triggering (using active components) 2.2.1 Requirements of pulse to trigger SCR successfully, Pulse width , Pulse amplitude & gate current. 2.2.2 Types: a. UJT relaxation oscillator: Circuit , operating principle , overview , expression for time period , Maximum & minimum value of timing resistor , waveforms. b. PUT relaxation oscillator: Circuit , operating principle , expression for time period , waveforms. Advantage of PUT over UJT. 2.3 Triac triggering using Diac. Commutation circuits. 3.1 Turn off mechanism of SCR 3.2 Specifications related to turn off: Turn off time 3.3 Types of commutation methods. a. Resonant turn off - Class A ,Class B b. Parallel capacitance turn off using auxiliary SCR Class C, Class D c. Coupled pulse turn off - Class E d. Natural turn off - Class F e. Commutation by another load carrying thyristor f. Commutation between equal load , McMurrey Bedford g. Commutation, impulse commutation with auxiliary SCR (McMurrey Commutation) h. Triac commutation

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Series and parallel connection of SCR 4.1 Series connection 4.1.1 Need of series connection 4.1.2 Reason for unequal distribution of voltage 4.1.3 Voltage equalization circuits- dynamic & static 4.2 Parallel connection 4.2.1 Need of parallel connection 4.2.2 Reasons of unequal distribution of current 4.2.3 Current equalization networks. AC to dc converter - Uncontrolled rectifier, controlled rectifier 5. Uncontrolled Rectifier 5.1.1 Uncontrolled rectifier: Meanings, Review of single phase uncontrolled rectifier. 5.1.2 Three Phase uncontrolled rectifier: Advantages of 3 uncontrolled rectifier Three Phase transformer delta star connection ( review) 5.1.3 Three Phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier: Circuit , vector diagram , operating principle , input & output voltage waveforms , expression for average output voltage & rms output voltage ( no derivation) Conduction angle 5.1.4 3 bridge rectifier: Circuit, vector diagram, operating principle, input & output voltage waveforms, expression for average output voltage & rms output voltage, Conduction angle. Performance parameters of both rectifier 1. Efficiency 2. Form factor 3. Ripple factor 4. PIV 5. TUF 5.2. Controlled Rectifiers: Meaning, AC phase control principle. 5.2.1 Single phase half wave controlled rectifier with resistive load circuit, Operating principle , waveforms of Vi , Ig , VAK , Vo , Io 5.2.2 Single phase half wave controlled rectifier with RL load: Concept of inductive load with example, Circuit , operating principle , waveforms of Vi , Ig , VAK, Vo , Io 5.2.3 Concept of load & source (review) 5.2.4 Concept of two quadrant operation, power feedback (regeneration), power factor.

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5.3 Free wheeling diode: 5.3.1 Single phase half wave controlled rectifier with RL load & free wheeling diode: circuit, Operating principle , waveforms of Vi , Ig , VAK , Vo , Io 5.4 Single phase bridge control rectifier with R & RL load circuit, Operating principle , waveforms of Vi , Ig , VAK , Vo , Io 5.5 Single phase half controlled bridge rectifier with inductive load: Symmetrical & asymmetrical circuit, freewheeling action , waveforms of Vi , Ig , VAK , Vo , Io, comparison. 5.6 Three phase half wave controlled rectifier, 3 bridge controlled rectifier: circuit, Operating principle, waveforms of Vi & Vo. 5.7 Specifications of SCR Repetitive forward & reverse voltage, Converter grade SCRs Static Switching Circuits. 6.8.1 Static dc switch SCR 6.8.2 Static ac switch inverse parallel SCR , Triac 6.8.3 Industrial circuits- Power flip-flop, Flasher, liquid level detector, intensity control. Total

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Practical: Skills to be developed: Intellectual Skills: 1. Reading 2. Sourcing of Web sites Motor Skill: 1. Testing 2. Measurement List of Practical: 1. Characteristics of SCR & Triac, holding & latching current 2. Characteristics of triggering devices DIAC , UJT , PUT

3. Triggering circuits a] Resistor & capacitor ac triggering b] pulse triggering circuit UJT & PUT relaxation oscillator 4. Commutation circuits - a] Resonant b] Auxiliary c] External pulse 5. Rectifier Uncontrolled 3 Bridge 6. Controlled 1 bridge, Half controlled with inductive load, Controlling quadrant operation by controlling firing angle. 7. Application circuits. Learning Resources: Books: Sr. No. 01 02 03 Author Singh Sen Lander Title Power Electronics Power Electronics Power Electronics Publisher Tata McGraw-Hill Tata McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill International