By the 6th century, the western Germanic Franks had been Christianised, and Fran cia, ruled by the

Merovingians, was the most powerful of the kingdoms that succe eded the Western Roman Empire. Following the Battle of Tertry, however, the Mero vingians declined into a state of powerlessness, for which they have been dubbed the rois fainants ("do-nothing kings"). Almost all government powers of any cons equence were exercised by their chief officer, the mayor of the palace.[4] In 687, Pippin of Herstal, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, ended the strife be tween various kings and their mayors with his victory at Tertry and became the s ole governor of the entire Frankish kingdom.[4] Pippin himself was the grandson of two of the most important figures of the Austrasian Kingdom, Saint Arnulf of Metz and Pippin of Landen. Pippin of Herstal was eventually succeeded by his ill egitimate son Charles, later known as Charles Martel. After 737, Charles governed the Franks without a king on the throne but declined to call himself king. Charles was succeeded in 741 by his sons Carloman and Pep in the Short, the father of Charlemagne. To curb separatism in the periphery of the realm, in 743 the brothers placed on the throne Childeric III, who was to be the last Merovingian king. After Carloman resigned office in 746 to enter the c hurch by preference as a monk, Pepin brought the question of the kingship before Pope Zachary, asking whether it was logical for a king to have no royal power. The pope handed down his decision in 749. He decreed that it was better for Pepi n, who had the powers of high office as Mayor, to be called king, so as not to c onfuse the hierarchy. He therefore ordered him to become true king.[5] In 750, Pepin was elected by an assembly of the Franks, anointed by the archbish op, and then raised to the office of king. Branding Childeric III as "the false king," the Pope ordered him into a monastery. Thus was the Merovingian dynasty r eplaced by the Carolingian dynasty, named after Pepin's father, Charles Martel. In 753 Pope Stephen II fled from Italy to Francia appealing for assistance for t he rights of St. Peter to Pepin. He was supported in this appeal by Carloman, Ch arles' brother. In return the pope could only provide legitimacy, which he did b y again anointing and confirming Pepin, this time adding his young sons Carolus and Carloman to the royal patrimony, now heirs to the great realm that already c overed most of western and central Europe. In 754 Pepin accepted the Pope's invi tation to visit Italy on behalf of St. Peter's rights, dealing successfully with the Lombards.[5][6] Under the Carolingians, the Frankish kingdom spread to encompass an area includi ng most of Western Europe; the division of the kingdom formed the bases for mode rn France and Germany.[7] The religious, political, and artistic evolutions orig inating from a centrally positioned Francia made a defining imprint on the whole of Europe.