Chapter 6 There are 2 types of friction: 1. static 2. kinetic Draw the hills and valleys of 2 surfaces in contact.

is only sensibly discussed as between 2 surfaces. v f always opposes the direction of motion. inetic friction: 1. fk!" 2. #nlike motion in a fluid $more later% it&s independent of relative speed of the two surfaces. '. (ndependent of area of contact. Do )*ample 6+2 on pa,e 1-1.

.e are lookin, for the time/ t/ to travel the '.0+m distance down the ramp. = 2'/ k = 0.26

2 * * 0 = v0 t + 1 2 at

t=

2* a*

.e need to find the acceleration/ we have * = '.0 m. a = 0 means that the net force actin, alon, the ramp direction !0. m,sin+"!ma * * direction " m, cos = 0 y direction m,sin+m, cos !ma * a * = , $sin+ cos % = 1.- sm 2 "otice it1s independent of mass2

t=

2$'.0 m% = 2.0s 1.- sm 2

Static Friction .e know that it&s harder to start a stationary ob3ect movin, than to keep it movin,. This is because s4k. Discuss fi,. 6+'

1. fs/ma*! s" 5 "6T 7 8)CT69 ):#7T(6"2 )*ample 6+': 7 ;-.0+k, crate slides when truck&s flatbed is at 2'.2</ what is s=

m, sin f s = 0 m, sin s " = 0 m, sin s m, cos = 0 s = tan = tan$2'% = 0.>2; " m, cos = 0

Discuss tires and feet. 9ollin, tires are static friction/ skiddin, tires are kinetic friction.

7ntilock ?rake @ystem: electronic sensor detects skiddin, and automatically ad3usts hydraulic pressure $like a person tappin, on brakes%. Tension: pull on both sides of a rope. .hat about a rope tied to a wall= (deal strin, is massless and the tension is the same throu,hout. .hat if the rope is "6T massless= Aet&s say the rope in the fi,ure wei,hs 2 "/ and the crate wei,hs 10- ".

T1!10- " because it&s only supportin, the wei,ht of the bo*. T2 ! 10- " B C D 2" ! 106 " because it&s supportin, the wei,ht of the bo* B C the wei,ht of the rope. T' ! 10E " .hy=

F#AA)G: Desi,ned to chan,e the direction of the rope and so the Tension. Fulleys act like force multipliers. )*ample 6+>:

T = m, m= T , .ant m such horiIontal force is 16- " = 2T cos >0 T= m= 10H " = 11.0 k, ;.H sm 2 16- " = 10H " 2 cos>0

"otice this pulley system JmultipliesK the force2

These are all the same readin, on the scale/ namely ;.H1 "2 2;. LL (F Gour friend&s 1'.6+, ,raduation tassel han,s on a strin, from his rear+view mirror. $a% .hen he accelerates from a stop li,ht/ the tassel moves backward toward the rear of the car. )*plain. $b% (f the tassel han,s at an an,le of 6.>>< relative to the vertical/ what is the acceleration of the car=
M

TcosM

TsinM

m,

$a% .hen the car accelerates from the stop li,ht/ the point at which the tassel is attached to the car moves forward. The tassel only appears to move backward because as the car moves forward the bottom of the tassel remains for a moment where it ori,inally was before it too must move with the car.
(b)

'2. LL The pulley system in Ni,ure 6O22 is used to lift a -2+k, crate. "ote that a chain connects the upper pulley to the ceilin, and a second chain connects the lower pulley to the crate. 7ssumin, the masses of the chains/ pulleys/ and ropes are ne,li,ible/ determine $a% the force F rePuired to lift the crate with constant speed and $b% the tension in each chain. (a) F = Tr / and lifting at constant speed,

(b) For each chain,

@prin,s: v v N = k* .hy the ne,ative si,n=

v * is the distance the sprin, is displaced from ePuilibrium.

Draw the *+a*is and demonstrate the direction of the force for both compression and e*tension displacements. k is the force constant of the sprin,. (t&s units are "Qm.

2>. L (F 7 backpack full of books wei,hin, -2.0 " rests on a table in a physics laboratory classroom. 7 sprin, with a force constant of 1-0 "Qm is attached to the backpack and pulled horiIontally/ as indicated in Ni,ure 6O 1;. $a% (f the sprin, is pulled until it stretches 2.00 cm and the pack remains at rest/ what is the force of friction e*erted on the backpack by the table= $b% Does your answer to part $a% chan,e if the mass of the backpack is doubled= )*plain. (a)Determine the magnitude of the force required to stretch the spring 2.00 cm. Calculate the magnitude of the force of static friction.

Ideal springs: considered massless. Hookes Law: N*! +k R* Translational ePuilibrium: a!0. 8elocity does "6T need to be Iero/ 3ust constant2 )asy way to look at these problems:

Aeft

= N9i,ht

and

#p

= NDown

Connected objects: The rope or strin, ensures that the 2 ob3ects have the same acceleration2

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Do Atwoods Machine. Separate attach!ent." Circ#lar Motion: (f a body is movin, at constant speed in a circle/ is it acceleratin,==

9ecall "ewton&s 2nd Aaw: ob3ects will continue to move in a strai,ht line unless acted on by an outside force. .hat makes a body move in a circle=

Centripetal Norce: Centripetal means Jcenter+seekin,K. (n what direction does this force act= $.ho&s buried in Trant&s Tomb=%

v vi

v vf
.e know that F!ma. The direction of the force must be parallel to the direction of the acceleration2

9ecall the definition of a2 @ince a is directed toward the center of the circle/ so must Fc Centripetal acceleration: a cp =
v v2 U . (f we want to find this at the top of the r r

circle then it would be directed alon, Oy. Do other points on *+y coordinate system. 7 body of mass m movin, in a circle does so because of a centripetal force2
v mv 2 U Do )*ample 6+H: Ncp = r r

1200+k, car rounds a corner of radius r!>- m. s !0.H2. Sow lar,e can v be without skiddin,=

(n the *+direction:

N
fs =

= ma *

Nriction provides the centripetal force2 The mass doesn1t matter2

mv 2 = s " = s m, r

v! s r, = $0.H2%$>- m%$;.H sm 2 % = 1; m Q s

7 bank can substitute for friction. .e can&t use the ramp coordinate system here because it&s not directed toward the center of the circle2 (n the *+direction:

N* = " sin =

mv 2 r

.e are lookin, for . .e have m/ v/ r. Aet1s find ".

N
"=

= " cos m, = 0.

m, cos

m, mv 2 sin = cos r v2 tan! r,

7,ain/ it doesn1t depend on mass2

Dips and bumps.

.hat do you feel in your seat= The normal force2

= + ma y

mv 2 r 2 mv " = m, + r .hat about a bump= This is at the top of the circle $draw%. " m, = +

= ma y

mv 2 " m, = r 2 mv " = m, r