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DIAGNOSIS TECHNIQUES
Understand process of disassemble and assemble of electronic equipment

Know fault analyzed techniques

Know passive and active components fault analyze techniques

What type of devices that will be repair?

What is the symptom of the devices?

Whether the devices has a schematic or not?

What is the appropriate technique to be use?

Visual Techniques

Resistance Measurement Technique

Know Fault Analyzed Techniques

Signal Tracing and Injection Techniques

Voltage Measurement Techniques

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Analyze fault using Visual Technique

Burning Effect

Shorting Effect

Broken Effect

Heat Effect

Resistor

Analyzed fault using Resistance Measurement Technique

Transistor

Diode

Know passive and active components fault analyzed technique

Resistance of resistor
Charging and discharging effect of the capacitor

Inductor Transformer Relays Speakers Fuses and switches

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Continuity

Know passive and active componen ts fault analyzed technique

Resistance of resistor
Charging and discharging effect of the capacitor Forward and reverse resistance of diode Terminal of Bipolar Transistor

Continuity

Terminal of SCR

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Select the appropriate scale tap the mulitimeter probe and adjust the multimeter to ohms (calibrate). Connect the resistor to be measured to multimeter

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How to determine capacitor value for mica and ceramic capacitor??? 221 = 22 X 101 pF = 22 X 101 X 10-12 F
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Non electrolytic (mica and ceramic)

Set multimeter to 1K or 10K range Measure resistance between the lead: Resistance = ,good capacitor Resistance = 0, capacitor short circuit Resistance between 200 to 20K = capacitor open circuit

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Electrolytic capacitor
Set multimeter to 1K or 10K range Measure resistance between the lead: If the pointer moves from 0 and back to , good capacitor If the pointer moves from 0 and stop at 5k or 10k, capacitor leaking If the pointer at 0, capacitor short circuit

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Set multimeter to X1 range Measure resistance between lead:

Resistance = , inductor open circuit Resistance = low (e.g 10/50/100), inductor ok

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1 to 5 200 to 2k 1 to 5

Primer

Secondary
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R =

Primer

Secondary
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Function of relay
Act as switch S= single , P=pole, D=double, T=Throw
SPDT = Single pole, double throw o Pin of relay:
o C=common o NC=Normally close o NO=Normally open

o Step to check:
i) Set multimeter to X10 ii) Check resistance between Common and NC=0 iii) Check resistance between Common and NO=

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R = 8, Speaker ok R=, speaker open circuit

+
-

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R = 0 to 10, Fuse ok
Set multimeter to X1 R = , Fuse open circuit
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Set multimeter to X1 R = 0 to 10, during close circuit, R = , during open circuit If both condition are comply then the switch is ok
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Forward-biased R = low resistance

Reverse-biased R=

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Anode-Cathode Diode Resistance Test

Place the positive probe on the anode of the diode (the black part of the diode, and the negative probe on the cathode of the diode (the black strip), The diode should read a moderately low resistance, maybe a few hundred thousands of ohms.

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Cathode-Anode Diode Resistance Test

Switch the probes around so that the positive probe of the multimeter is now on the cathode of the diode and the negative lead on the anode. The diode should read a much higher resistance, well over 1M. A typical reading may, for example, be 2.3M

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If resistance between the leads low resistance with on the zener diode one way and a high resistance with the leads the other, this is a sign that the zener diode is good. A zener diode should read relatively low resistance in the forward biased direction and very high resistance in the reverse biased direction

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How to Test a Zener Diode with a Voltmeter of a Multimeter A second test you can do to check to see whether a zener diode is defective or not is to measure its voltage with a voltmeter of a multimeter (or simply just a voltmeter if you have one.)

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 Connect red probe to positive terminal and black probe to negative terminal Set multimeter resistance scale to X10K Calibrate the multimeter

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1. Determine Base Of Transistor

Set middle pin as reference. Touch red probe of multimeter to the reference pin, while black probe to the other pin (either left or right) Change the position of black probe to the other pin to get the lowest resistance. Non moving probe is base. To determine types of transistor, if the reference is black probe, it is PNP transistor If the reference is red probe, it is NPN transistor
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2.To determine collector and emitter of transistor

Set base as reference Change color of probe, if PNP type, set red probe as reference and if NPN type set black probe as reference Measure resistance value between base and undetermined pin If the value of resistance between unknown pin and base is high, then the unknown pin is collector If the value of resistance between unknown pin and base is low, the unknown pin is emitter
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i. ii. iii. iv.

Set the analog multimeter for resistance measurement in X1 . Mark any pin as reference. Place the red probe to the reference pin and black probe to others pin one by one. When the meters pointer is deflecting, it shows that reference pin is Cathode and another pin at black probe is Gate. The rest is Anode.

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v. vi. vii.

viii.

Place the red probe to the Cathode and black probe to the Anode pin. Resistance between Cathode and anode is Move the black probe and touch the Gate pin while the red probe still touching the Cathode pin. Resistance between gate and Cathode is low

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ix.

x.

xi. xii.

Gently move the black probe and touch the Anode pin while the black probe still touching the Gate pin and the red probe still touching the Cathode pin. Observe the meters pointer. Remove the black probe from the Gate pin while the black probe still touching the Anode pin. Remove the black probe from the Anode pin and connect it back. Observe that the meters pointer will dropped back to infinity (high resistance).
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