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( Reaffirmed 1999 )
Indian Standard
POWERTRANSFORMERS
PART 5 TRANSFORMER/REACTOR BUSHINGS - MINIMUM EXTERNAL
CLEARANCE IN AIR - SPECIFICATION
Q BIS 1994
FOREWORD
This Ir,dian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the
Transformers Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council.
In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from IEC Pub 76-3-l
( 1987 ) ‘Power Transformer : Part 3 lnsulation levels and dielectric tests External clearances in air’
issued by the International Electrotechninal Commission ( IEC ).
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied wilh, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analvsis shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places
retained in the rounded off value shall be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 2026 ( Part 5 ) : 1994
Indian Standard
POWERTRANSFORMERS
PART 5 TRANSFORMER/REACTOR BUSHINGS-MINIMUM EXTERNAL
CLEARANCE IN AIR - SPECIFICATION
1
IS 2026 ( Part 5 ) : 1994
Table 1 Recommeded Minimum Clearances from Bushing Live Parts on Power Transformers
Having Windings witb Highest Voltage for Equipment U, <’ 300 kV
( Altitude Up to 1 000 m )
( Clause 4.1 )
Highest Voltage Rated Short Rated Lighthing Impulse Withstand Minimum Clearance
for Equipment Duration Voltage r_--_---_- h_-- _-__ __~
Power Fre- ( peak ) With Reference Wit:oRgr$ernce
Crms ) quency With- r---- ----_h_--_--_.-_ to Distribution
stand Voltage Distribution Other Trans- Transformers Transformers
( rms ) Transformers formers
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
kV kV kV kV mm mm
< 1’1 3 - - - -
3’6 10 20 40 - 60
7’2 20 40 60 60 90
12 28 60 75 90 125
650 1 250
275
750 1 450
325
245
850 1 600
360
Table 2 Recommended Minimum Clearances from Bushing Live Parts on Power Transformers
Having Windings with Highest Voltage for Equipment U, > 300 kV, Specified
According to Method 1 ( Altitude Up to 1 000 m )
( Clauses 4.1 and 4.2 )
Highest Voltage Rated Short Dura- Rated Lightn- Minimum Clearance
for EF;pment tion Power Fre- ing Impulse r------- h-_-----~
quency Withstand Withstand Phase-to- Phase-to-
( rms ) Voltage Voltage Earth Earth
( rms )
(1) (2) (p3) (4) (5)
kV kV . kV mm mm
9.50 1 900 2 250
3
IS 2026 ( Part 5 ) : 1994
Table 1 Recommeded Minimum Clearances from Bushing Live Parts on Power Transformers
Having Windings witb Highest Voltage for Equipment U, <’ 300 kV
( Altitude Up to 1 000 m )
( Clause 4.1 )
Highest Voltage Rated Short Rated Lighthing Impulse Withstand Minimum Clearance
for Equipment Duration Voltage r_--_---_- h_-- _-__ __~
Power Fre- ( peak ) With Reference Wit:oRgr$ernce
Crms ) quency With- r---- ----_h_--_--_.-_ to Distribution
stand Voltage Distribution Other Trans- Transformers Transformers
( rms ) Transformers formers
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
kV kV kV kV mm mm
< 1’1 3 - - - -
3’6 10 20 40 - 60
7’2 20 40 60 60 90
12 28 60 75 90 125
650 1 250
275
750 1 450
325
245
850 1 600
360
Table 2 Recommended Minimum Clearances from Bushing Live Parts on Power Transformers
Having Windings with Highest Voltage for Equipment U, > 300 kV, Specified
According to Method 1 ( Altitude Up to 1 000 m )
( Clauses 4.1 and 4.2 )
Highest Voltage Rated Short Dura- Rated Lightn- Minimum Clearance
for EF;pment tion Power Fre- ing Impulse r------- h-_-----~
quency Withstand Withstand Phase-to- Phase-to-
( rms ) Voltage Voltage Earth Earth
( rms )
(1) (2) (p3) (4) (5)
kV kV . kV mm mm
9.50 1 900 2 250
3
IS 2025 ( Part 5 ) : 1994
Table 3 Recommended Minimum Clearances from Bushing Live Parts on Power Transformers
Having Windings with Highest Voltage for Equipment iJ, > 300 kV, Specified
According to Method 2 ( Altitude Up to 1 000 m )
( Clauses 4.3, 4.3.1.3.~ and-4.3.2 )
Highest Voltage Rated Switching Rated Lightning LMinimum Clearance
for Eq;i;ment Impulse Withstand Impulse With- ~---_-----_----h ---------7
Voltage stand Voltage Phase-to-Earth, Phase-to-Phase, To Other
(rms) ( peak ) ( peak 1 Based on Swit- Based on Swit- Winding,
thing Impulse thing Impulse Based on
Withstand Withstand Lightning
Vojtage Voltage Impulse
Withstand
Voltage
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
kV kV kV mm mm mm
650 1600
750
300
1 900 2 250
950 1 750
650
362 2 300 2 650
1050 1 950
950
420
2 700 3 100
1175 2200
1300 2400
1050
3 100 3 5co
525 1425 2 650
1175
3 700 4 200
1550 2 850
5 000 5 800
765
1800 3 300
5 800 6700
1950 3 600
Dm
1
I i i i i i i i kV
Om
FIG. 2 CLEARANCE
PHASE-TO-PHASEBASEDON SWITCHING IMPULSEVOLTAGE APPEARING
BETWEENPHASE
to IS 2165 ( Part 2 ) : 1983 ( see Table 4 ). An between the two terminals under consideration
appropriate test procedure involves positive during the switching impulse test [ see 14 of
polarity impulses for a configuration phase-to- IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981 ] according to the turns
earth, and opposite polarity impulses for phase- ratio between the windings. This voltage.value
to-phase clearances ( see 4.3.3 ). This has been gives the clearance which is required with regard
considered for the clearance values given in to the switching impulse condition. Fig. 2 is
Table 3. used to find the recommended clearance if the
terminals receive opposite polarity voltages and
4.3.1 Clearance Phase-to-Earth, Phase-to-Neutral the ratio between their voltage amplitudes is 2
and Phase-to-Phase Between Phases of the Same or less. In other cases, Fig. 1 applies.
Winding
NOTE;If Fig. 1and Fig. 2 are compared, it appenrs
The clearance from the high voltage bushing that a phase-to-phase clearance withstands a higher
top to earth ( tank, conservator, cooling equip- voltage difference than the same.distance would do
in a phase-to-earth configuration. The reason is that
ment, switchyard structures ) or to the neutral in the phase-to-phase configuration the two terminals
terminal is determined from column 4 of are supposed to have opposite polarity, and the
Table 3. The clearance between bushing caps of maximum dielectric gradient at either of them ( which
difference phases is determined from column 5 is largely determined by the voltage to earth ) is
relatively lower.
of Table 3.
It is assumed also that the electrodes have a
4.3.2 Clearance Between Terminals of Different
rounded shape. The clearance however,
shall,
Windings also fulfil the lightning impulse withstand
The clearance between terminals of different requirement, which presupposes that the lower
windings of the transformer shall be checked voltage winding terminal is at earth potential
with regard to both switching, impulse and when rated lightning impulse withstand voltage is
lightning impulse conditions. The switching applied to the high voltage terminal. The dis-
impulse withstand requirement is based on the tance requirement in column 6 of Table 3 and
precalculated difference voltage which appears Fig. 3 corresponding to this rated lightning
5
----
impulse voltage, has therefore, to be fulfilled test voltage, positive, on one line terminal, the
between the two terminals. The higher of the other half, negative on another line terminal,
two clearance estimates shall apply. The and the third terminal earth [ see 10, 12 and 14
s\\,itching impulse test on the transformer will of IS 2165 ( Part 2 ) : 1983 ] The combinations
induce voltages between phases of other star- of phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase test volt-
connected windings as well. It shall be checked ages, according to IS 2165 ( Part 2 ) : 1983 are
wliether this condition requires a larger phase- reproduced in Table 4. The values for
to-phase clearance in such a winding than as U, = 525 kV and 800 kV are subject to
prescribed for this \vinding alone such as in 4.1. review.
4.3.3 Type Test Procedure
If a tape test on a reduce clearance is to be When the outer phases are placed symmetrically
conducted, the test procedure shall be as with respect to the middle phase, it is sufficient
foilows: to make two separate tests, one with positive
polarity on the middle phase, and the other
A test on a configuration phase-to-earth or with positive polarity on an outer phase, the
phase-to-netural, or towards a terminal of a middle phase having negative polarity. If the
lower voltage winding shall consist of a line terminal arrangement is asymmetrical, it
switching impulse test, dry, with positive may be necessary to perform more than two
polarity on the line terminal of the winding tests.
( the higher voltage winding ). The counter
electrode shall be earthed. If the tested
terminal belongs to a three-phase winding, Each test shall consist of 15 applications of
the other line terminals shall also be impulse voltage with wave shape 250/2 500 in
earthed. accordance with IS 2071 ( Part 1 ) : 1993.
NOTE - This test ih not generally feasible on
complete three-phase transformers and may, thcre- NOTE - The above test procedure for phase-to-
for-e, have to be conducted on ;I model simulating the phase external clearances, which follows IS 2165
actual configuration of the transformer. ( Part 2 ) : 1983 differs in several’ respects from the
Tests on the phase-to-phase clearances of a switching impulse test procedure specified for the
internal insulation of the transformer in 14 of
three-phase transformer shall consist of switch- IS 2165 ( Part 2 ) . 1983. The two test procedures do
ing impulse tests, dry, with half of the specified not replace each other.
6
Burenti of Indian Standards
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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
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implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. ETD 16 ( 3486 J