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S/S:
- Vertigo E (enteric HEV Fecal - 3-6 weeks
- dry mouth virus) oral
- sore throat
- weakness, G HGV Sexual / unknown
- constipation parenteral
- CNS affectation
Dx. Procedure: S/S:
Lab analysis Pre icteric stage
Management: - malaise, fatigue, fever, HA, N & V
• Botulism antitoxin - anorexia
• NGT gastric lavage - RUQ pain
- diarrhea M.O.T. : fecal –oral
- anemia I.P. : 2-10 days
Icteric stage S & SX : sudden watery stool
- jaundice DX : specific stool exam,
- pruritus small bowel biopsy
- tea colored urine MNGT : medicate
- light colored stool
Post icteric/ convalescent stage 4. Schistosomiasis
- increase energy AKA : bilhariasis or snail fever
- GI symptoms subsides C.A. : Schistosoma japonicum (bld
Dx. Procedure: fluke)
Serum antigen antibody S. Mansoni
HBSag S. haematobium
HBEag S/S:
anti HBS • Diarrhea
Liver enzyme tests • bloody stool
Bilirubin test • Enlargement of abdomen
Prothrombin test • Spleenomegaly
Management: • Weakness
- Symptomatic treatment • Anemia
- Diet • Inflamed liver
- Rest • p222
- medicate Management:
Prevention: • Praziquantel (biltricide)
Immunization • Oxamniquine (S.mansoni)
Proper handwashing • Metrifonate (S. haematobium)
Proper food handling
Protozoan
1. Giardiasis
AKA : lambliasis
C.A. : giardia lamblia Genito-urinary system
M.O.T. :fecal oral Bacterial
I.P. : 1-3 weeks 1. Chlamydia
C.A. : chlamydia trachomates
S/S: M.O.T. :sexual contact, delivery
• Abdominal cramps I.P. : 7- 14 days
• Nausea S & SX :women - clear vaginal
• Anorexia discharge, burning sensation,
• Diarrhea itchiness, PID
• Stool changes men – clear penile discharge, dysuria,
• Vomiting epididymitis
• Weight loss DX : vaginal culture, Gram stain,ELISA
• Distention/flatulence / belching MNGT :medicate (doxycycline,
Dx. Procedure: azithromycin, erythromcin)
• Stool exam education
• Duodenal aspiration biopsy behavior modification
Management:
• Increase OFI 2. Gonorrhea
• F & E balance AKA : clap, strain, jack, morning drop
• Nutrition C.A. : neisseria gonorrhea
• Medicate M.O.T. :sexual contact, delivery
I.P. : 2-10 days
2. Amoebiasis
AKA : amoebic dysentery S/S:
C.A. : entomoeba hystolitica • Women
M.O.T. : fecal –oral -low abdominal pain, dysuria, urinary
I.P. : 2-4 weeks frequency,itchy, red edematous
meatus, purulent discharge
S/S: - Men
• Stool changes - Sx of urethritis, dysuria, purulent
• Diarrhea discharge
• Foul smelling stool
Dx. Procedure: Complication:
• Stool exam • Sterility
• Indirect hemo agglutination test • Gonococcal septicemia
Management: Dx. Procedure:
• Increased OFI • Vaginal/penile culture
• Nutrition • Cervical exam
• Rest • Pap smear
• Medicate Management:
• Medicate
3. Cryptosporidiosis oral - cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin,
C. A. : cryptosporidium ofloxacin
IV/IM – ceftriaxone (rocephin) Protozoan
1. Trichomoniasis
3. Syphilis C.A. : trichomonas vaginalis
AKA : Rox, Lues, Bad blood disease M.O.T. : sexual contact,
C.A. : Treponema pallidum contaminated douche, delivery
M.O.T.: sexual/blood I.P. : 4-20 days
transfusion/vertical transmission
I.P. : 10-90 days averagely 21 days S/S:
- itching, dyspareunia, dysuria,
S/S: urinary frequency
Primary stage - Post coital spotting,
- chancre menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea
- regional lymphadenopathy - Greenish yellow discharge,
Second stage malodorous frothy
- infectious, skin rashes, flu like Dx. Procedure:
symptoms • Direct microscopic exam
- condylomata lata/condylomata • Urine culture
• Cervical exam
Third stage/ late stage Management:
- assymptomatic • Metronidazole
- not communicable • Sitz bath to relive symptoms
- CV changes
- CNS changes Viral
- gummatous lesion 1. Genital Warts
- generalized lymphdenopathy AKA : codylomata accuminata,
Dx. Procedure: venereal warts
• History taking C.A. : human papilloma virus
• VDRL M.O.T.: sexual contact
• FTA ABC I.P.: 4 wks-9 mos.
• Rapid plasma reagent S & Sx : painless warts
Management: DX : dark filled microscopy
• Antibiotic (peniccilin G MNGT : podofilox 0.5%,
benzathine, doxycycline, cryosurgery, electo cautery, laser
tetracycline)
Complication: 2. Genital Herpes
Effects on pregnancy C.A. : genital herpes simplex type 2
saw like teeth M.O.T. :sexual contact, delivery
anterior bowing of tibia I.P. : 3-7 days
inflammation of fingers S & SX :fluid filled, painless, inguinal
lymph node, fever, body malaise,
4. Chancroid dysuria
C.A. : Haemophilis Ducruyi DX : physical exam, TZANCK TEST
M.O.T. :sexual contact MNGT :acyclovir
I.P. : 3-7 days
S & SX :irregular painful papule 3. HIV/AIDS
inguinal tenderness C.A. : human immuno virus/ retrovirus
dysuria M.O.T. :sexual contact, blood
DX : Gm stain, blood culture, lesion transfusion, exposure to infected
biopsy blood, pregnancy, sharing of infected
MNGT :azithromycin, erythromycin,IM needles
ceftriazone
S/S:
4. Bacterial Vaginitis Major
C.A. : Gardnella vaginalis - fever
M.O.T. : sexual contact - chronic diarrhea
I.P. : 5-7 days 10% weight loss
S & SX : itchiness, thin white Minor
discharge, gas bubbles, fishlike odor - persistent cough
DX : culture -generalized lymphadenopathy
MNGT : metronidazole - pruritus
- oral pharyngeal candidiasis
Fungal - recurrent herpes zoster
1. Candidiasis - progressive disseminated herpes
AKA : candidosis/ moniliasis simplex
C.A. : candida albicans Dx. Procedure:
M.O.T. : sexual contact, delivery • ELISA
I.P. : 2-5 days • Western blot
S & Sx : pruritus, dyspareunia, white • CD4 cell count
gray raised patches,cottage cheese
yellow odorless, contain curds Management:
DX : culture, GM • 4 cocktail drug (21 tabs a day)
MNGT :ketoconazole, 1. AZT – terminate viral replication
fluoconazole
2. Viramune – blocks DNA activity abdominal pain
of virus bleeding
3. Protease inhibitor – inhibits unstable bp
maturation of virus tourniquet test no longer
4. Fusion inhibitor –n does not reliable
allow fusion of virus to human death may occur
cell 7th-10th days/ convalescent or
recovery stage
Other Communicable Dse. - generalized flushing
1. Filariasis - regained appetite
C. A. : wuchereria bancrofti - stable BP
brugia malayi
brugia timori Classification
M.O.T. :insect bites (aedes poecillus Severe, frank type
I.P. : 8-16 mos. - flushing, sudden high fever,
severe hemorrhage followed by
S/S: sudden drop of temp.,shock
• Assymptomatic at first Moderate
• Inflammation of lymph nodes - with high fever but less
• Inflammation of blood vessel hemorrhage
• Swelling of scrotum mild
• Swelling of upper and lower - slight fever with or without petechial
extremities hemorrhage
• Enlargement and thickening of
the skin
Dx. Procedure: Dx. Procedure:
• History taking • Tourniquet test
• Observation • Supportive
• Nocturnal blood exam • Symptomatic
• Immunochromatographic test • Rapid replacement of body
Management: fluids
• Diethylcarbamazine or hetrazan
• surgery 4. Mumps - Swelling of one or
both parotid glands
2. Malaria C. A. : filterable virus
C.A. : genus plasmodium M.O.T. : contact with infected
types : secretion of the mouth and nose
Plasmodium falciparum I.P. : 12-26 days
P. vivax
P. ovale S/S:
P. malariae •Painful swelling in front of ear
M.O.T. :insect bite jaws and neck
• Fever
S/S: • Malaise
• Recurrent chills • Anorexia
• Fever • Swollen testicle
• Profuse sweating Management:
• Anemia • Prophylaxis
• Malaise • Active treatment
• Hepatomegaly • Soft or clear liquids
• spleenomegaly • Nasal and oral care
Management:
• Medicate (blood schizonticides) 5. Paragonimiasis
C.A. : paragonimus westermani, P.
3 Dengue Hemorrhagic siamenses
Fever M.O.T. : ingestion of improperly
AKA : H fever handled food
C.A. : dengue virus types 1,2,3,4 and S & SX : chronic cough, blood
chikungunya virus (aedes aegypti) streaked sputum, chest or back pain,
M.O.T. : mosquito bite PTB like symptoms
I.P. : uncertain (6days-1week) DX : sputum exam,
immunology, cerebral paragonimiasis
Stages MNGT : praziquantel, bithionol,
First 4 days / invasive stage
high fever 6. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
abdominal pain AKA : PSP / red tide poisoning
HA C. A. : dinoflagellates
hot flushes M.O.T. : ingestion of raw or
vomiting mishandled shellfish
conjunctival infection I.P. : 30 mins-several hours
epistaxis S & SX : numbness, vomiting,
4th-7th days/ toxic or hemorrhagic dizziness, HA, tingling sensation, rapid,
stage
lowering of temperature
difficulty in speaking and swallowing,
respiratory arrest
Management:
• No specific treatment
• Induced vomiting
• Coconut milk in the early stage
7. Leptospirosis
AKA : weil’s disease, mud fever, tench
fever, flood fever, japanese seven days
fever, spiroketal jaundice
C.A. : leptospires
(leptospirainterrogans)
M.O.T. : skin contact esp. open
wound
I.P. : 7-19 days
S/S:
• Leptospiremic phase
- fever
- HA
- myalgia
-N&V
- vomiting
- cough
- chest pain
Immune phase
with circulating IgM
Dx. Procedure:
• Culture
• Blood test
• CSF test
• Urine testing
Management:
• Antibiotic
- penicillin
- tetracycline
- ertyhtromycin
8. Anthrax
AKA: malignant pustule, malignant
edema, woolsorter disease, ragpicker
disease)
C.A. : bacillus anthracis
M.O.T. : contact with infected SEY (-.-)
animals, flies bites that fed on infected
animals
I.P. : few hours – 7 days
S/S:
Cutaneous form
-itchiness, papule becomes vesicle
then black eschar, painless lesion if left
untreated can lead to death
pulmonary form
- urti like symptoms, after 3-5 days can
become acute can cause death
gastrointestinal form
- violent gastroenteritis, vomiting,
bloody stools
Management:
• Education
• Immunize high risk person
• Control dust
• Handwashing