EC OL EN AT IO NA L

Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausses

Dpartement Gnie Civil et Construction

DES PONTS ET CHAUSSEES

DYNAMIQUE DES STRUCTURES

Alain PECKER

Anne 2005

OSCILLATEUR A 1 DEGRE DE LIBERTE II - Oscillateur linaire gnralis

Amphi 3

OSCILLATEUR A UN DEGRE DE LIBERTE

Assemblage de corps rigides Systmes avec raideur et masse distribues
Se ramnent loscillateur simple en introduisant les paramtres gnraliss m* , c*, k*

DEPLACEMENTS GENERALISES
L

V(x) =
b 1 sin( x ) L

+
b 2 sin( 2 x ) L
3 x ) L

+
b 3 sin(

Z(t)

L x

u(x,t) m(x) EI(x)

u ( x,t) = (x).Z(t)

Principe des Puissances virtuelles

+ P (U) = A(U) Pi (U) e

Efforts extrieurs Efforts intrieurs

)= Pi ( U

)= Pe ( U

L 0

dx p(x,t) U

dx = (x,t)

2 u ( x , t) EI(x) dx 2 x
L

)= dx m(x) u(x,t) U Quantits dacclration A ( U 0

u ( x , t) = Z = Z U u , xx (x,t) = Z = Z u ( x, t) = Z

m* =

m ( x ) 2 ( x ) dx
0 L

Masse gnralise Raideur gnralise Chargement gnralis

k* =

EI( x ) 2 ( x ) dx
0

p* =

p( x, t) ( x ) dx

=0 [m Z(t) + k Z(t) p (t)] Z

m Z(t) + k Z(t) = p (t) *

 Exemple
Z(t)

m(x) = m EI(x) = EI p(x, t) = p (t)

L x

u(x,t) m(x) EI(x)

Encastrement la base (0) = (0) = 0

Dforme

x ( x ) = 1 cos 2 L

4 EI 0.228 m LZ(t) + Z(t) = 0.364 L p ( t) 3 32 L

Frquence propre :
k = = * m L
* 2

EI = m

32 .0.228
4

EI 1.91 = m L

EI m

Autre choix de dforme :

3 x2 1 x3 (x) = 2 2 L 2 L3

= 1.89

METHODE DE RAYLEIGH
m Z(t) + k Z(t) = p (t) *

= k m

Principe de conservation nergie Systme en vibration libre harmonique

u ( x, t) = Z0 (x)sin(t)

(Energie potentielle) = -(Energie cintique)

Energie potentielle Energie cintique

u ( x, t) = Z0 (x)sin(t)

V=

0 L

1 EI(x)[u , xx (x,t)]2 dx 2

T=

1 m(x)[u(x,t) ]2 dx 2

Vmax Tmax

1 2 = Z0 2

EI(x)[(x)]2 dx
L

1 2 2 = Z0 2

m(x)[(x)]2 dx

V = Vmax

T=0

T = Tmax

V=0

Vmax = Tmax

=
0

EI(x)[(x)]2 dx m(x)[(x)]2 dx

CHOIX DU DEPLACEMENT (x)

Toute fonction arbitraire respectant les conditions aux limites La fonction qui donne minimale est la meilleure approximation Forces dinertie fI(x,t) = 2 Z0 m(x) c(x) sin(t)
c(x) dforme due aux charges

p(x) = m(x) c(x)

 Equation prcdente suggre p( x ) = m(x) (x) Mthode de Rayleigh consiste choisir

(x) = g

Application de forces (horizontales) dans un champ gravitaire unitaire dplacement u ( x )

 Avantage: nergie potentielle calcule directement partir du travail des forces extrieures
Vmax 1 = 2

L 0

1 p(x)u(x) dx = g u ( L) 2

L 0

m(x) (x) dx

Pulsation propre

2 =g

L 0
L

L 0

m(x)u(x)dx
2

m(x)[ u(x)] dx
EI(x)[ (x)]2 dx m(x)[(x)]2 dx

Analogue de

2 =

 Exemple

4 pL 1 x 4 x 1 u(x) = = u ( L) ( x ) 1 + 8E I L 3 L 3 3 4

( x ) dx = 0.3634 L

[ ( x )]

dx = 0.2268 L

Pulsation propre

= L

EI m

8.(0.3634) = = 1.89 1.875 0.2268

4

OSCILLATEUR A 1 DEGRE DE LIBERTE III - Oscillateur linaire

Excitation par le support

Amphi 3

OSCILLATEUR A 1 DEGRE DE LIBERTE

u(t)

F(u, u)
(t)

(t) t

EQUATION DEQUILIBRE
v=u+y
y(t) u(t)

fI + fS + fD = 0
fS = k u
fD = C u + f I = m v = m (u y)
X

fD fS

fI

+ + k u=0 m (u y) + C u

EQUATION DU MOUVEMENT
+ k u = m m u + Cu y
+ 2 u = u + 2u y(t)
Pulsation propre Frquence propre % Amortissement critique Chargement effectif

k = m f= 2
2

Priode propre T = 1 = 2 f

C C = = 2 km 2m

m y(t) p eff ( t)

ANALYSE TEMPORELLE
(t) m y

Rponse limpulsion m() d

du ( t) = [ m y()d]h(t )
t

t>

Intgrale de Duhamel
1 u ( t) = D

(t) y ( )e sin[D (t )] d

SEISME DE NORTHRIDGE (1994)

Enregistrement Lake Hughes - EW
3

Acclration (m/s2)

2 1 0 -1 -2

Temps (s)
-3 0 5 10 15 20

0.4

U(dm) = f(t)
T variable fix

0.2

T=2s =2%

-0.2

-0.4 0
0.4
0.4

10

20

30

40

0.2

T=1s = 2 %

0.2

T = 0.5 s =2%

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4 0 10 20 30

-0.4 40 0

10

20

30

40

0.4

U(dm) = f(t)
T fixe variable

0.2

T = 0.5 s =0%

-0.2

-0.4 0 10 20 30 40

0.4

0.4

0.2

T = 0.5 s =2%

0.2

T = 0.5 s =5%

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4 0 10 20 30

-0.4 40 0

10

20

30

40

U(t) = f(, )
Umax = 0.25 dm
0.4

Dplacement (dm)

T=2s =2%

0.2

-0.2

-0.4 0 10 20 30 40

Temps

SPECTRE DE REPONSE
Dplacement
Dplacement relatif (m)
0.12

= 0%
0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

= 2% = 5%

SD = 0.25 dm

Priode (s)

CALCUL DES EFFORTS

Effort lastique fS(t) = k u(t)

k = m 2 fS(t) = m 2 u(t) fSmax = m SA Force statique quivalente

SPECTRES DE REPONSE
Dplacement relatif SD (, ) SA (, )= 2 SD (, )

Pseudo-vitesse relative SV (, )= SD (, ) Pseudo-acclration

ATTENTION Pseudo-vitesse Vitesse absolue Pseudo-acclration Acclration absolue

2 u + 2 u + u = y( t)

2 u(t) u(t) + y(t) = 2 u(t) 1 1 ( t) = u u u + y) ( 2 2

SPECTRES DE REPONSE
Pseudo acclration
Pseudo-acclration (m/s2)
25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

= 0%

= 5%

Priode (s)

SPECTRES NORMALISES
10

Pseudo-acclration (m/s2)

8 6 4 2 0 0

=2% =5% =10% =20%

Priode (s)

SPECTRES NORMALISES
Dplacement relatif (m)
0.40

=2%
0.30

=5% =10% =20%

0.20

0.10

0.00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Priode (s)

PROPRIETES DES SPECTRES DE REPONSE

A priode nulle (= )
2 u + 2 u + u = y ( t)

SA ( T = 0, ) = max [ y ( t) ]
t

A priode infinie (=0 )

t

2 u + 2 u + u = y( t)

SD ( T = , ) = max [ y( t) ]