1.

0 INTRODUCTION

A beam having more than two supports is called as continuous beam. The supports at the ends are called as the end supports, while all the other supports are called as intermediate support. It may or may not have overhang. It is statically indeterminate beam. A continuous beam is a structural component that provides resistance to bending when a load or force is applied. These beams are commonly used in bridges. A beam of this type has more than two points of support along its length. These are usually in the same horizontal plane, and the spans between the supports are in one straight line. In contrast to a simply supported beam, which has supports at each end and a load that is distributed in some way along its length, a continuous beam is much stiffer and stronger. A bridge that is made up of beams that span between only two supports is called a simply supported beam bridge. If two or more beams are joined together rigidly over multiple supports, the bridge becomes continuous. The two main factors for consideration in the design of a continuous beam are the type of load and the strength characteristics of the material used to construct the beam. The reactions that occur at the supports of a simply supported beam can be determined by analyzing only the forces applied to the beam.

2.0 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the experiment is to determine the magnitude of fixing moment in a continuous beam by experiment and to compare this value with the value obtained theoretically.

3.0 THEORY
Consider the beam shown below ,

The fixing moment at B is given by,

The three moment equation for a beam of constant cross-section is :

EQUATION 2

We know that MA = Mc = 0 and :

4.0 APPARATUS
The following are required : i. ii. iii. Two knife edge support Test beam Three stirrup

iv.

Two double ended hook

v.

Two load hangers

vi.

Spring balance

vii.

Adjuster and support

viii.

Dial gauge and small support

Let L1 = 400 mm and L2 = 600 mm

5.0 PROCEDURE

i.

The apparatus has been set up .

ii.

First of all , we must adjust the dial gauge to zero by turning the hazel .

iii.

After that , we applied the load of 10N to W1 and 5N to W2.

iv. v.

The spring balance has been adjusted by using the spring balance adjuster until the dial gauge reads zero . Reading of spring balance has been recorded.

vi.

Then, we increased w1 by 10N and W2 by 5N and the process has been repeated until W1 = 50N

6.0 RESULTS

W1

10

20

30

40

50

W2 Ro

0 0

5 3

10 3

15 3

20 3

25 3

Rf

13

16

18

R actual = Rf- Ro

10

13

15

7.0 CALCULATION

MB = W1L1 RL1 2 MB = W1L1 RL1 2 i. MB = MB = 0

( )

MB = W1L1 RL1 2 ) ii. ( Mb = ( ) = 2000 800 = 1200 )

MB = W1L1 RL1 2 iii. ( Mb = = 4000 2000 = 2000

( )

MB = W1L1 RL1 2 ) iv. Mb = = 6000 4000 = 2000

( )

MB = W1L1 RL1 2 v. ( Mb = = 8000 5200 = 2800

( )

MB = W1L1 RL1 2 ) vi. Mb = ( = 10000 6000 = 4000

( )

10

8.0 DISCUSSION

1. The comparison between the theoretical and actual results slightly differs due to certain factors :

Observation error @ Parallax errors due to reading taken The dial gauge may not calibrated Small vibration and movement interferences which effects the reading on dynamometers Slightly inclined workbench which may cause vectored load into 2 axis components

2. What we can see based on the graph that we plotted; we can see that the more magnitude applied on the beam, the actual reading becomes higher. This is happened because the load hanger has differences load.

11

9.0 CONCLUSION
It can be conclusively said that the reaction away from the cantilever displays much reaction force compared to the one that is closer to it. Based on the observation the experiment has shown that there will be more deflection at the other end of the beam as the beam gets longer away from cantilever point. Even though there some errors or indifferences in the results compared to theoretical, however the principal idea shows that both theoretical and experimental shows the same concept of cantilever deflection which causes higher reaction force as it moves away from the cantilever point.

12

10.0

REFERENCES

www.atapaje.blogspot.com http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-continuous-beam.htm

13