RESEARCH REPORT

M A N U K AU I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y

2002

EDITORIAL

From the Chief Executive

Manukau Institute of Technology continues to encourage research to inform teaching and to further develop a research culture through supporting staff in a variety of research activities. The 2002 Research Report outlines many of these activities and emphasises once again the important connection of the Institute with the wider business community through research. The results of research have been presented in a number of forums, including refereed journals and national and international academic conferences. Presentations to professional organisations, together with articles in disciplined based and other general publications, ensure that knowledge resulting from research projects is accessible to a more diverse community. The past year has seen a growth in research projects carried out in collaboration with other organisations, including practitioners in the field and other tertiary providers. These are important relationships in the development of a research culture and it is anticipated that collaborative research, internal and external to MIT, will continue. This year the report highlights staff/student collaboration in research within the BE Honours programme. The outcome has been an excellent series of papers presented to industry and

the community, all contributing to leading edge thinking in the field of electronic and computer engineering. The staff in the School of Visual Arts continue to maintain a high level of research outputs and this has included publications, exhibitions, and a range of scholarly activity. The Schools research culture was enhanced during the year through the inaugural Artist in Residence scheme. London-based Matt Franks, a sculptor working at the interface of classical and pop culture, spent two months in residence. Creative NZ, the British Council and MIT funding supported his visit. While at MIT, Franks exhibited at the Tate Modern (London) and at te tuhi the mark, in Pakuranga. MIT staff continue to contribute to knowledge and practice in a wide range of disciplines and, as Chief Executive, I am pleased to present this report and to commend staff on their research achievements during 2002.

Jack MacDonald Chief Executive

FRONT COVER: A photo essay of the three parts of Manukau, Land, Sea and Sky. Photos: Rob McEldowney L E F T: Darren Glass, Frisbee Cam (Cosmo Flying Disk) 2001-2003 TOP: Chief Executive Dr Jack MacDonald.
Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

Doctorates Conferred on MIT Staff, 2002

DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY THE PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATE: BRIDGING THE ACADEMIC / BUSINESS DIVIDE? Dr Andy Godfrey, of the Business School and Adjunct Professor of Southern Cross University, recently completed his professional doctoral thesis for the award of Doctor of Business Administration. The objective of the research study, undertaken over the four years from 1998 to 2001, was to identify the
Dr Andy Godfrey, Manukau Business School

literature and research; the IR checklist and the interviews with listed companies; and the evaluation survey and the interviews with members of the financial community. The results indicated that the conceptual model is a robust one and has withstood testing amongst New Zealand companies and the financial community. The study also demonstrated through the model that effective IR is an holistic process. Recommendations were presented relating to IR information flow issues; to the IR programme as a means of information delivery; and to enhance the process, and therefore the quality of IR, from the perspective of the financial community. Topics for further IR research, both in New Zealand and internationally, were suggested. In particular, it was intended, as a professional doctorate research study, that it contribute towards an enhanced interface between academic and business research. This was implemented by a series of presentations in 2002, to the NZ Chartered Institute of Corporate Managers, the Public Relations Institute of NZ and the NZ Investor Relations Managers Group. Details of the project have also been posted on ShareChat, the leading Australasian investment website and an article was published in April by the monthly business magazine, Unlimited. Academic presentations were made in July to international finance and corporate governance conferences at Cardiff University and Birmingham University. The research design was also presented to a doctoral workshop at Southern Cross University (NSW) in May. It is intended that further articles and research will be developed from the study.

formal and informal Investor Relations (IR) strategies used by New Zealand listed companies and to evaluate their effectiveness from the perspective of the financial community. IR may be defined as the process of corporate financial communication between companies and the financial community. The significance of the topic has become especially evident following the much publicised financial scandals, such as Enron and WorldCom, which have undermined investor confidence. A model of key IR principles structured in eight Elements was developed to provide a conceptual framework for the evaluation. The research design, based on a case study protocol, was to collect empirical data about IR programmes from New Zealand listed companies and the financial community and to identify and investigate key issues through semistructured interviews. The qualitative data from the interviews was analysed using an iterative and deductive pattern-matching approach, based on the conceptual IR model developed for the research. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS for descriptive statistics: analysis of significance (one sample Two-Tailed t-test) and partial (stepwise) regression. This research design enabled the triangulation of data to take place - enhancing both the richness and the validity and reliability of the study. The triangulation was between the IR literature and prior research; the model set of IR principles developed from this

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

DOCTORATES CONFERRED

Dr Louise Rummel, Department of Nursing and Health Studies

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING, MASSEY UNIVERSITY

Dr Louise Rummel, of the Department of Nursing and Health Studies, was awarded her Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing by Massey University in 2002. Her thesis used a Heideggerian Hermeneutic approach to explore the experiences of registered nurses who act as preceptors to undergraduate student nurses. The resultant thesis: Safeguarding the practices of nursing: the lived experience of being-as preceptor to undergraduate student nurses in acute care settings, makes explicit this experience. The thesis used Martin Heideggers philosophical notion of understanding what it is to be a person situated within a particular world, and the work of other notable nurse scholars, Drs Nancy Diekelmann and Patricia Benner, to inform the interpretive process. Being-as preceptor is one way that registered nurses dwell in the world of nursing practice. Louise interviewed fifteen volunteer registered nurses twice as preceptors to investigate their experience. The data generated was audio-taped and analysed. The outcome was that four dominant themes emerged. The first, Becoming attuned - the call, related to registered nurses responding to the call to be preceptors to students in their clinical placement. The second, The emerging identity of being-as preceptor: keeping the student in mind, related to preceptors cultivating their own identity as preceptors as they worked with students in the world of nursing practice. The third, Assessing where the student is at: the preceptor and preceptee working and growing together, related to a constant evaluation by preceptors of students knowledge, readiness to learn, and the provision of learning opportunities. The fourth, Preceptors as builders of nursing practice through teaching reality nursing, facilitated the preceptees experience of the real world of nursing practice. An overall constitutive theme: Preceptors as the safeguarders of the practices of nursing, emerged as the essence of the experience. Each theme is made explicit in the interpretive study by exemplars from the preceptors language of their

practice. What was revealed was that although they enjoyed the experience of being-as preceptor, they felt thrown into it and insufficiently prepared to walk between the two worlds: the world of nursing practice where they have primary responsibility for patient care and the world of nursing education where they are clinical teachers. They therefore lived in an in-between space, which is not an easy place to dwell as the demands of both worlds require considerable balance. The significance of the study is that it reveals what the experience for registered nurses as preceptors to undergraduate students is like, making explicit many practices that are embedded in the role of preceptor which have been previously hidden. A number of papers from the research have been presented at conferences nationally and internationally. A chapter in the publication Interpretive Studies in Health Care and the Human Sciences book series is to be released in the USA in June 2003. From the research, recommendations are made for nursing education, practice and research. In particular, in nursing education, it is recommended that preceptors are informed in students curricula, skilled in teaching and assessment processes plus being educationally prepared for the role with a Masters degree within a nationally achievable time-frame. The latter recommendation is made in the light of the requirement that nurse lecturers must hold a Masters degree to teach on Bachelor degree programmes and students receive half of their teaching and learning experiences in clinical placements. Recommendations are for practice challenge leaders in clinical organisations and nursing education programmes to collaborate more closely to support preceptors and nursing students in the teaching and learning process. It is essential that both partners in nursing education jointly own the graduate as they enter the profession of nursing. A number of recommendations for further research were made.

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

Dr Stuart Middleton, Executive Director Student Affairs

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPY IN EDUCATION, MASSEY UNIVERSITY

Dr Stuart Middleton, Executive Director Student Affairs, completed a qualitative study which analysed the impact of changes on pre-service teacher education at the Auckland College of Education over the period 1985 to 2000. This was an intense period as transformational changes moved the College from its previously protected teachers college configuration, relating closely to the school system, to one which more typically reflected that of other tertiary institutions alongside which it was to stand and with whom it had to compete. Colleges of Education in New Zealand had during most of the 1900s enjoyed a protected position as sole providers of teacher education, providing the nations centres and schools with teachers. The price for this was that the New Zealand Department of Education exercised tight control over the colleges and a degree of autonomy was only accorded to them progressively from the 1960s. Change had been incremental and evolutionary in response to shifting socio-political pressures. The study shows that socio-political change over the period 1985 2000 was dramatic in style and profound in effect as successive governments sought to reform the economy, the state sector, the administration of education and the shape of tertiary education. Colleges of education, along with other tertiary institutions, were manoeuvred into a competitive and contestable environment which

imported into education the principles of the free market. A theoretical framework was developed that analysed the changes on two dimensions. A vertical axis assessed the nature of the pressures to change and the realities of the skills, knowledge, aspirations and dispositions that the staff of the College brought to them. A horizontal axis tracked the progress of the changes and their impact on the College. The clusters of changes that impacted on pre-service teacher education emerged as change narratives that reflected the impact of various institutional mergers, administrative and professional restructuring, the development of a research culture, the review of the degree taught jointly with The University of Auckland, and the development of a provider degree. The study, which employed interviews with both individuals and focus groups and documents as its prime sources of data, adopted an eclectic methodological approach. The impact of those developments on the provisions for preservice teacher education was evaluated and from them a set of principles for the management of transformational change in colleges of education or similar institutions and organisations was developed.

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

DOCTORATES CONFERRED

Dr Len Jennings, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

DOCTOR OF SCIENCE EDUCATION, CURTIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Dr Len Jennings, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, recently completed his study for the award of Doctor of Science Education from Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, on the effects of computer simulated laboratories on student learning in electronic engineering education. Modern electrical and electronic engineering courses aim to develop the cognitive, practical and affective domains of the student. Electronic engineering today employs many miniaturised devices that can be perceived by the student as black boxes. It is important that these black boxes, through the development of fundamental underpinning knowledge, are replaced in the students mind with an understanding of the concepts and processes involved within.To this end, laboratory work is an integral part of electronic engineering courses. Traditionally the laboratory work has been performed in specialist rooms fitted with specialist equipment where the aims have included teaching of concepts, processes and the development of skills. Research studies to date have failed to provide clear evidence and support for laboratory work as an effective medium for science learning even though the traditional teaching laboratory in its current form has been around for a century or more. Thus the door was wide open for studies of alternative strategies to the traditional laboratory. The study, undertaken by a practitioner in the electronics engineering education field, analysed the problem-solving processes and development of learners when they undertook computer simulated electronic/electrical engineering laboratories as an alternative form to the traditional laboratory. A protocol analysis method was developed and applied to videotaped recordings of both traditional and computer-simulated laboratories examining student thinking while they were solving problems in the laboratory environment. A computersimulated laboratory was developed to replace a traditional laboratory.

The study aimed to assist other practitioners in updating the concept of what an electronic engineering laboratory may become. A comparative experiment was conducted between a control group undertaking a traditional electronic/electrical engineering laboratory and a randomly selected experimental group exposed to an equivalent computer simulated laboratory. The study used both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The qualitative methods included interviews, direct observation, and videotape of the laboratories for subsequent analysis. The quantitative methods involved statistical analyses of the results from a comparative experiment. The study concluded that the computer-simulated laboratory used in this research project was proven to be a successful learning environment for students. The problemsolving sequences observed in the simulated laboratory generally resulted in successful outcomes for the student. This was more evident in the computer-simulated laboratory than in the traditional laboratory setting. The detailed analysis of the student laboratory using the protocol analysis method developed has provided insight into factors that can make a laboratory session more successful. The problem-solving sequences between the traditional laboratory and the computer simulated laboratory environments show a difference when the students are interacting with the equipment or with the computer screen. The study has found that a computer-simulated laboratory can be used to replace a traditional laboratory in an electrical engineering course. For the type of experiment where the traditional laboratory does not clearly reveal the concepts being examined because they are not physically available to our senses, then the computer simulated laboratory can reveal the information more clearly and can result in improved student understanding.

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

MIT receives donation of touch screens

As a result of their research, David Forsyth and Garry Robinson, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, produced a technical paper on setting up and programming touch screens to interface to the Allen Bradley ControlLogix 5550 Controllers used by the Electrical Group. A LCD touchscreen can be used as a specific type of graphical user interface designed for Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Systems in the world of automation and control. The active surface or active matrix of the LCD screen is activated from a user touch and can also display data in the form of user friendly graphics. For example, this can be in the form of a push button drawn on the screen which, when pressed, behaves as a real piece of hardware, and triggers or controls actions like any standard push button. The applications for the equipment are numerous as the device can be programmed to perform control actions with a controlling PLC limiting the user to a small set of choices on the screen at any one time thus reducing operator errors. A layered menu system allows the operator to concentrate on the immediate requirements of the control process. As an example, an application could be a set of recipe selection screens in a biscuit factory where on each screen there is a minimum range of selectable items. The input data from the individual screens is fed to the PLC, then stored until the data required is assembled,

after which the ingredients can be fed into a hopper and the mixing process started. During 2002 the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering purchased small (5 inch) touch screens from ifm efector NZ Pty Ltd. These were integrated into the teaching programme for both PLC Programming 2 and the new Automation paper for the Bachelor of Engineering Technology. The company found the paper produced by David and Garry extremely useful when they used it in Australia to assist in obtaining new business. As a result of their success they have donated two 3 video-input TFT colour (10 inch) touch screens worth approximately $20,000 to the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at MIT.

RIGHT: Lecturers Garry Robinson and David Forsyth, students Graham Neal and Brad Cole FAR RIGHT: David Delany, Australasian Manager ifm efector Pty Ltd, John Melrose HOD Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Dr Peter Coolbear, Deputy CEO of MIT

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH

Collaborative Research

COMPLETED Pre-entry Risk Factors for Non-completion for Students Enrolling in Bridging Programmes
DAV I D C O LT M A N , H E A D O F F O U N DAT I O N S T U D I E S , M A N U K AU I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y A N D R A E T R E WA RT H A , H E A D O F S C H O O L O F F O U N DAT I O N STUDIES, UNITEC

IN PROGRESS Accessing Tertiary Education:Voices from Manukau (in progress)

D R H E L E N A N D E R S O N , M A N U K AU I N S T I T U T E O F TECHNOLOGY AND DR MAXINE STEPHENSON, THE U N I V E R S I T Y O F AU C K L A N D

The aim of this research project has been to identify relevant factors affecting student withdrawal on the Manukau Institute of Technology Foundation Education programmes. The extent to which high-risk pre-entry factors and demographic characteristics predict student withdrawal from bridging programmes has been examined in conjunction with student perceptions of the factors influencing withdrawal and reasons given by students for withdrawal. The research will be used to further inform practice, as a basis of pastoral care, for programme planning on Foundation Education programmes and to contribute to the body of research in the area of bridging education in New Zealand. This research has now been completed. A report of the research in progress was presented to the New Zealand Association of Bridging Educators 2nd Annual Conference, 6 September, 2002. The project was undertaken as part of postgraduate studies in Adult Education through Massey University.

The aim of this project is to track the experiences of students participating in The University of Auckland Bachelor of Education (Teaching) programme located at Manukau Institute of Technology. The purpose of tracking the students is to develop understanding of the issues of participation for students in the Manukau cohort of the Bachelor of Education (Teaching). The issues of participation identified in the literature relate to transition, attrition and success and while there are some common issues it has also been noted that each location has its own characteristics. The understanding gained from this study will be available to inform the development of this programme and others working with similar groups. The focus of this project will be to ensure that the perspectives of the students are to the fore. Interviewing of the 2002 students is complete and analysis of this data is progressing. These students will be re-interviewed in 2003 and, funding permitting, in 2004.
This project is supported by the Woolf Fisher Research Centre. ABOVE: David Coltman, Foundation Studies Dr Helen Anderson, Advisor: Bridging Education

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

A study of tertiary Self Access Centres in New Zealand and Australia (in progress)
H AYO R E I N D E R S , D I R E C TO R , E N G L I S H S E L F AC C E S S C E N T R E , T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F AU C K L A N D ; J O H N J O N E S - PA R RY, M A N AG E R , L A N G UAG E S U P P O RT C E N T R E , M A N U K AU I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y A N D D R H E L E N A N D E R S O N , A DV I S O R B R I D G I N G E D U C AT I O N , M A N U K AU I N S T I T U T E O F TECHNOLOGY

Perceptions of older persons of person-centred care and the related satisfaction of their care givers within the New Zealand context
D R L O U I S E RU M M E L , D E PA RT M E N T O F N U R S I N G A N D H E A LT H S T U D I E S , M A N U K AU I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y A N D N Z N O N AT I O N A L G E RO N TO L O G I C A L S E C T I O N M E M B E R S ; M A DA M S , C H R I S T C H U R C H , J F E AT H E R S TO N , AU C K L A N D, J H I D E , T I M A RU, G L AU D E R , W E L L I N G TO N , K P E R I , AU C K L A N D, A N D D. M C G R E G O R , AU C K L A N D

The aim of this project is to investigate tertiary level English language learning self access facilities in New Zealand and Australia. A major purpose of these
John Jones-Parry, Manager Language Support Centre

Following a New Zealand Nurses Organisation Gerontological Conference in 2000, Manukau Institute of Technology was asked to facilitate the research study which is a national study spanning North and South Islands. Thirty-seven participants have been interviewed to include both the care recipients and the care givers. The interpretive process of the data collected is in progress. It is envisaged that the study will be completed early in 2003 with a launch date of March 21on the Nga Kete Wananga Marae at Manukau Institute of Technology. Dr Mike Nolan, University of Sheffield, author and researcher who has undertaken extensive studies in the UK on person-centred care, fully supports the study attended the launch.
This project is supported by the New Zealand Nurses Organisation Gerontological section and Manukau Institute of Technology.

centres is to help international students and NESB students improve their English while studying. There has been some work on identifying and describing self access centres overseas, particularly in Hong Kong but little work has been done in Australasia. Questions that this research seeks to answer are: what tertiary level English language learning self access facilities exist in Australia and New Zealand? what previous research has been done by those institutions that has not been published (eg. management reports, evaluations, in-house research)? what are the institutions pedagogic and other goals for their self access facilities? how are the self access facilities organised in terms of management and staffing? what links exist between them and other departments/facilities in their institutions? how much does the provision of self access facilities cost each of the institutions? what is the influence of the availability of self access facilities on the number of students enrolling for the providing institutions courses? what is the New Zealand and Australian Governments commitment (if any) to self access language learning as an alternative or additional form of language learning? Data collection for this project is complete and analysis is progressing.
This project is supported by Manukau Institute of Technology and The University of Auckland.

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

STUDENT RESEARCH

BE Student Research

The BE Honours candidates presented their research findings at the BE Mini-conference held 26 June 2002 at Manukau Institute of Technology. Abstracts from the papers presented are listed below. The students name is given first followed by their Supervisors name. The non-Honours students presented a poster display of their work at the conference. A list of the poster display titles follows the abstracts.

BE HONOURS MINI-CONFERENCE PAPER PRESENTATIONS Emerging Ethernet Protocols

K E V I N B OT H A M L E Y A N D J I M RO D G E R S O N

Many different vendors have fought over the Fieldbus market for the last decade with no emerging overall winner. Now with Industrial Ethernet on the horizon the same war looks to be starting over again. Industrial Ethernet has a worldwide acceptance as an office networking standard. There has been interest in Ethernet in the world of automation, to use as a Fieldbus or complementary to one. This research project provides an investigation into the emerging protocols for use on industrial Ethernet. Presently there are vendors working separately on protocols and there appears to be no link between them. For the industrial market this will mean that while the Fieldbus wars were fought at the network media and physical level, the Ethernet provides a common medium and so now the war is with protocols and applications. Licence Plate Recognition System
DAV I D C H A N S O N A N D T I M RO B E RT S

Many facilities charge per vehicle entry for usage. Such facilities include parking areas, highways, bridges or tunnels. It is common to have staff at the checkpoints to control the payment of fees or to have machines if a set fee is required. The purpose of this research is to investigate a suitable way to read and recognize the registration plate from a photograph of a vehicle. An automated system could then be implemented to control the payment of fees. In fact, any situation requiring the automatic control of the identification of a vehicle with a license plate number may
Jim Rodgerson, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BE Hons student Peter Deng who undertook the Spectacle Fitting research project

be a potential application for such a system. This paper presents some of the results of the experiment and a brief overview of the techniques that were used to successfully recognise the license plate numbers. Automated People Recognition
E U G E N E C H I A N G A N D J I M RO D G E R S O N

Face detection and face recognition are very important in security applications. The terrorist attack in New York has taught us that the war could be anywhere and at anytime. Face detection is the first step to face recognition and people identification. Face detection is the detection of the presence and location of faces. It compares an input image against the faces in a database and reports a match. This project has reviewed some face detection and recognition algorithms, their advantages and disadvantages. Some algorithms have been implemented and tested in JAVA language or in MATLAB. The evaluation results and further work have been presented. A face recognition system, which combined the facial geometry and Hausdorff Distance approaches, has been designed and tested. The face recognition system presented here has a recognition rate of 85.7%. Spectacle Fitting
P E T E R D E N G A N D T I M RO B E RT S

The project proposed to build a system that would allow an image of the clients head to be captured via a camera that would allow them to virtually try on different pairs of spectacle frames. Transparent images of spectacle frames needed to be created to allow the clients to see their eyes through the spectacle frame image. The major difficulty for this project was that the system had to be able to detect the locations of the eyes in an image. The document briefly explains some of the existing methods that are used for detecting facial features in an image. A face detection technique using a geometrical face model was thoroughly investigated and used in the project. This approach can accurately detect facial features, especially the eyes when some constraints are imposed of how the image should be captured. The system was developed using Java.
Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

10

Distributed Object Technologies

A DA M M A D D OX A N D T I M RO B E RT S

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance and code size of a distributed web application as implemented in Microsoft .Net and Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE). The defining feature of this comparison is the common architecture that the .Net and J2EE applications share. The architecture used follows a traditional three tier pattern that consists of Presentation logic, Middleware components, and back-end persistence. The realization of a common architecture enables an apples to apples comparison of the competing technologies that will reflect the performance of the platform, independent of the implementation. In addition, the study compares and contrasts the .Net and J2EE blueprint application known as the .Net Pet Shop and Java Pet Store. The comparison considers the technologies employed and the proposed architecture. Artificial Neural Network for Colour Image Analysis
PAU L M C C O R M AC K A N D S N J E Z A N A S O LT I C

This paper presents two different artificial neural network architectures designed to perform segmentation on digital colour images. A background to artificial neural networks is given along with an overview of colour image segmentation with particular reference to threshold techniques. The radial basis and feed forward back propagation networks are used to classify the input pixels from colour images into wanted and unwanted and the results reconstructed to form a new image. The obtained results substantiate the feasibility of the two networks, whose performance can be compared to classical techniques of image segmentation. Third Generation Mobile Communications Antennas
FA D I A M U DA FA R A N D Q I N G W E I PA N

Research activities of 3rd Generation Antennas are growing throughout the world. This is due to the thickness and weight of mobile phones being downsized and the demand for smaller aerials being increased accordingly. With this decrease of thickness and size, the antenna performance must remain the same. Concerns of the effects of radiation must be considered by reducing the emission of radiations to the human head. The purpose of this research is to use Micro-Stripes software in the simulation of patch antenna design and use a Spectrum analyser and a directional coupler in the measurements. This paper shows some 3rd Generation Antennas. Spatial Dimensioning of Objects
C H R I S TO P H E R O C A L L AG H A N , C H R I S L O H A N D A N D R E W C H A L M E R S

The purpose of this work is the extraction of 3-dimensional information for a real world object from a series of 2dimensional images. A system to integrate camera calibration with a structured lighting approach for depth detection has been designed. The simplicity of a monocular set-up allows an inexpensive approach to the process of extracting the spatial coordinates of the object and displaying these in a virtual environment. Full reconstruction processing allows the virtual object to be viewed from any desired angle. Virtual Machines Laboratory
RO O PA K S I N H A A N D T I M RO B E RT S

Computer-based education has steadily gained popularity, recognition and acceptance over the last three decades. Due to various shortcomings of the traditional methods of performing educational laboratories, computer-based virtual laboratories have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional laboratories. Computers offer many potential improvements and benefits over traditional laboratories. However, as with any technology, computer-aided laboratories have their own disadvantages and related problems. This paper briefly describes various virtual laboratory implementation models and the advantages and disadvantages of virtual laboratories over traditional laboratories. The design and development of Virtual Machines Laboratories software, a set of online simulated laboratories created during the course of this project, is also discussed.

11 Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

STUDENT RESEARCH

Speech Recognition and Synthesis for Embedded Systems

LEON SMITH AND LEN JENNINGS

As machines become ever more capable and their use more pervasive, the need for natural communication between human and machine gains crucial significance. The growing reliance on rapid electronic communication has resulted in a demand for small, reliable speech recognisers functional in a variety of applications and environments, both recreational and industrial. By extrapolating current trends in increasing processing power and memory devices at reduced costs, complicated embedded systems could incorporate voice technology that is commercially viable and of benefit to users, resulting in increased productivity. This research includes investigations into the feasibility of incorporating speech recognition into smaller embedded systems where tolerance for error is minimal. A particular focus has been on the importance of effective source signal acquisition, typically provided by a microphone. Additionally, this research focuses on problems with the current technology and raises issues that must be considered in order to effectively implement these systems. DSP Application in Range Finding
YUN ZHANG AND LEN JENNINGS

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is one of the most powerful technologies that has been widely used in a broad range of fields. It provides high performance and high precision of signal processing ability, which is impossible to achieve in the conventional analog signal processing. There are many different DSP algorithms used to deal with the range finding signal processing where the main task of DSP is the time delay estimation (TDE). In order to obtain TDE accurately, DSP has the ability to suppress various kinds of noise, detect and extract the desired echo signal. Those DSP algorithms include correlation, adaptive filter, wavelet analysis and more. This research project studies the correlation and adaptive filter application in range finding systems.
BE Hons student Leon Smith who undertook the Speech Recognition and Synthesis for Embedded Systems research project BE student Jason Dreaver whose research on GSM versus CDMA was undertaken for industry.

BE RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATIONS Digital Image Control and Storage

S TA N L E Y C H U N

GSM vs CDMA an objective comparison

J A S O N D R E AV E R

Detection of Overhead Power Lines for Aircraft

R AV I K U M A R

Ground Penetration Radar

A RV I N D R A N G E N E N I

Subnet Relaying Using Blue Tooth and GPS

CHANPREET SINGH

Solar Energy Converters in New Zealand

RO B E RT S U R R E Y

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

12

Manukau Institute of Technology Staff Research Outputs and Scholarly Activities

BOOKS Collier, A.Travel and Tourism, (2002) Principles of Tourism: a New Zealand perspective. 6th Edition, Pearson Education. Cullen, P. School of Visual Arts, & Hendry, M. (2002) Observatory: P Cullen, Auckland. Porter, G. School of Visual Arts, (2002) 1,000,000 Delinquents. Waikato Polytechnic Media Arts Department, Hamilton. Porter, G. and Kirby, M. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Collected Julian Dashper Reviews by T.J. McNamara. An essay for the Constructed World Project , Hospitality, Brooklyn, NYC.

REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES Chung, H. F. L. Manukau Business School, (2002) An empirical investigation of marketing programme and process elements in the home-host scenario. Journal of Global Marketing, 16, (1/2). Cooke, B. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Humanism in New Zealand. Tijdschrift voor Humanistiek, 10, (3) pp71-74. Fourie,W. Nursing and Health Studies, Andrew, C & Oliver, J. (2002) Defining currency of practice for nurse educators. Praxis, Nov. Greenfield, C. Early Childhood Education, (2002) The visibility and role of intersubjectivity and peer collaboration in young childrens play and cognitive development. New Zealand Research in Early Childhood Education, 5.

SECTIONS IN BOOKS Cooke, B. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Nietzsche and Heidegger. In: Values, Society & Evolution, Ed: H James & Delaney Birx, Tim: Auburn, NY:Legend. The Value of Naturalism. In: Values, Society & Evolution, Ed: H James & Delaney Birx, Tim: Auburn, NY:Legend. Kirby, M. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Blue Circles. Campbelltown City Bicentenial Art Gallery, Sydney.

Pitchfork, E. Manukau Business School, (2002) Lifting the Veil a distinctive New Zealand approach. Company and Securities Law Journal, 20, (119). Shepstone, N. Engineering and Electronics, (2002) Teaching electrical power systems using computer solutions. International Journal Electrical Engineering Education, 39, (4)

NON-REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES Olney, L. Business Services, (2002) Holding the line; a feminist oral history account and analysis of one womans experience of more than 40 years using telephones as a means of doing business. In: School Postgraduate Review, Ed: J.Coleman and M.Nash, Massey University, 1, 2002, pp 1-39. Rummel, L. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Interpretive studies in healthcare and the Human Sciences book series. In: Caring and Culture in Health, Healthcare and Healing, 3, University of Wisconsin Press. Szirmay, M. School of Visual Arts, (2002) In New Zealand Sculpture, Ed: Michael Dunn, Auckland University Press. Weterman, F. Manukau Business School, (2002)Long term decision making and Introduction to management accounting, in Accounting for decision makers, Jackling et al, McGraw Hill, forthcoming. Cooke, B. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Is the intellectual poverty of the art establishment apparent? Artists Alliance, (57), <?xml:namespace prefix=o ns=urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office/> December 2002/January 2003. United we fall? The Open Society, 75, (4), p 1. The art of evolution. Probe, (4), pp 26-30. The lure of the local. Artists Alliance, (56), Sep/Oct 2002, p 9. What are galleries for? Artists Alliance, (55), Aug/ Sep 2002, p 9. Voting for the open society. The Open Society, 75, (3), p 1. A demeaning thought. Artists Alliance, (54), Jun/Jul 2002, p 10.

13 Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND SCHOLARY ACTIVITIES

Undeniable presumptuousness amuses the godless. The Open Society, 75, (2), p 1. Creative rationalism and positive atheism. The Open Society, 75, (2), pp 2-6, reprinted in Atheist (India), 28, (7), Jul 2002, pp 9-14. Goldie yawn. Artists Alliance, (53), Apr/May 2002, p 9. To GE or not to GE. The Open Society, 75, (1), p 1. After Postmodernism: a readers guide. Artists Alliance, (52), Feb/Mar 2002, pp10-11. Fourie,W. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Assessments and evaluation online. WITHIT (Online Journal) Waikato Institute of Technology Hermeneutic of Interactive Teaching. Godfrey, A. Manukau Business School, (2002) Small shareholders fed crumbs. Unlimited, April, pp 62-63. Effective investor relations can enhance corporate governance. The Independent, 11, (474), 24 Sep, pp 19-20. Improving investor relations in New Zealand. The Independent, 11, (479) 30 Oct, pp 23-26. Kirby, M. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Creative exotica. Probe, 4. Lee, D. Early Childhood Education, (2002) Passion, participation & pedagogy: reflections on the Reggio Emilia approach to infant and toddler care and education. The First Years Journal Nga Tau Tuatahi NZ Journal of Infant and Toddler Education, 4, (1). Porter, G. School of Visual Arts, (2002) The Julian Dashper interviews #2, the lightning field etc. Probe, 4. Just a little bit country: contemporary NZ art and the sticks. Pulp, 27, Mar-Apr. Brutal pseudonym. 1,2,3,4, Sydney, 4, Log Illustrated, 15. Shepstone, N. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2002) On standby. Electrical Technology, Feb/Mar, pp 22-23. A simple method for determining the size of diesel generators that are used to supply transient loads. Energize:Power Journal of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers, Jul, pp 30-32.

THESES Beck, J. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Bullying in nursing. MA, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. Huddleston, I. Learning Centre, (2002) The rising of the moon. MSc. (Mathematics Education), Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia. Jennings, L. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, (2002) The effects of computer simulated laboratories on student learning in electronic engineering education. Doctor in Science Education, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia. Johnston, P.V. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Inventory: boxed imports re-collected. MA (Art and Design), Auckland University of Technology. McLellan, E. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Desire and the split subject. MFA, The University of Auckland. Middleton, S. Executive, (2002) The dynamics of transformation at the Auckland College of Education 1985-2000; an analysis of the impact of socio-political and institutional change on pre-service education. PhD (Education), Massey University, Palmerston North. Pope, B. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) The meaning of the nursing encounter to women who have been abused in domestic violence. MA, Massey University, Albany. Rummel, L. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Safeguarding the practices of nursing: the experience of being-as preceptor to undergraduate student nurses in an acute care setting. PhD (Nursing), Massey University, Albany. Shelton, A. School of Visual Arts, (2002) She has eyes in the back of her head; narratives of duplicity, vision and femininity. MFA, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada.

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

14

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS REFEREED Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, Projects, and Coltman, D. Foundation Education, (2002) A New Zealand bridging education model: theoretical perspectives on practice. Proceedings of the 11th EAN Annual Conference Prato Trentham Books: UK, in press. Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, with Benseman J. & Nichol, J. (2002) Recruitment is but the first step: lessons in retention from access strategies in New Zealand. Proceedings of the 11th EAN Annual Conference Prato Trentham Books, UK, in press. NON-REFEREED Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, (2002) Ed: Bridging education in New Zealand: proceedings of the inaugural conference of the New Zealand Association of Bridging Educators NZ, Manukau Institute of Technology, Auckland. Fourie,W., Bartlett, S., Connor, J. & McDonald, S. (2002) Nursing and Health Studies, The role of the registered nurse in an acute mental health in-patient setting: perceptions versus reality. Proceedings of APNZ Research Forum Conference: Research that Works: Interacting to Innovate, ISBN 0-473-09002-3, pp 63-69, Sep.

Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, and Stephenson, M. (2002) A preliminary report.Voices from Manukau: Accessing the Discourse of tertiary education. Presented to the NZARE Conference, Palmerston North, Dec. Barnett, S. Manukau Business School, Marks, S. & Sankaran, S. (2002) Action learning in a Managers into project managers project: teaching project management to practising managers using real projects and on-line support in an Australian and New Zealand international MBA program. Presented to the IFSAM Conference, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Jul. Barnett, S. Manukau Business School, Devine, S & Hawkins, M. (2002) Leading bridge building projects: innovating bridge building into tertiary education. Presented to the 2nd Annual Conference of the New Zealand Association of Bridging Educators, Auckland, Sep. Barnett, S.J. Communication Studies, Rajan, S. & Wilson,A. (2002) Art in communication. Presented to the NZCA Conference (The Art of Communication), Nelson, Dec. Broodkorn, M. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Teaching Maori health professionals to teach. Presented to the Health Professional Conference, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 7-10 Oct. Campbell, D. Manukau Business School, (2002) Gourmet entrepreneur. Presented to the 12th Annual Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Finland, 26-28 May. Cater, K. & Peterson, R. Centre for Educational Development, (2002) Developing a graduate profile in a NZ Polytechnic. Presented to the International Lifelong Learning Conference,Yeppoon, Queensland, 16-19 Jun.

CONFERENCES Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, Projects, (2002) What to teach and how: pedagogy for bridging educators. Presented to the 2nd Annual Conference of the New Zealand Association of Bridging Educators, Auckland, Sep.
John Connor, Trix LeProu, Willem Fourie, Katrina Wahanui, Stuart McDonald

15 Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND SCHOLARY ACTIVITIES

Chung, H.F.L. Manukau Business School, (2002) Analysis of marketing strategies selection the experience of Australian and New Zealand firms. Presented to the Australia New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (AANZMAC), Deakin University, Australia, Dec. Cobden-Grainge, F. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) A career in crisis. Presented to the New Zealand Nurses Organisation Nursing Research Section Conference, Hamilton, 26-27 Apr. Coltman, D. Foundation Education, (2002) Noncompletion - student perceptions; a report of research in progress. Presented to the NZ Bridging Educators Conference, Auckland, 6 Sep. Coltman, D. Foundation Education, & Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, Projects, (2002) A New Zealand bridging education model: theoretical perspectives on practice. Presented to the European Access Network, Prato, Italy, Jun. Coltman, D Further Education, & Trewatha, R. (2002) Bridging Educators, breaking the mould. Presented to the TERNZ Conference, Dunedin, 30 Nov-1 Dec. Cooke, B. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Humanism in troubled times. Presented to the Creative Rationalism,Third Rationalist International Conference, New Delhi, India, 8-12 Feb. Speaker at session dedicated to Humanism secularism and youth. at the Gora Birth Centenary International Conference, Andhra Pradesh, India, 15-17 Feb. Fourie,W. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) The Role of the registered nurse in an acute mental health inpatient setting: perceptions versus reality. Presented to the Research That Works: Interacting to Innovate APNZ Research Forum, UCOL, Palmerston North, 26-27 Sep. Assessments and evaluations online. Presented to the Talkfest, Waikato Institute of Technology, 30-31 Aug. Friedel, J. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Science in nursing education: a conceptual framework for the investigation of perceptions of the nursing curriculum. Presented to the 33rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Science Education Research Association, Townsville, Queensland, 11-14 Jul. Godfrey, A. Manukau Business School, (2002) Investor relations in New Zealand - a research study. Presented to the New Zealand Investor Relations Managers Group, Auckland, 2 May.

Investor relations in New Zealand - an evaluation. Presented to the New Zealand Chartered Institute of Corporate Managers, Auckland, 21 May. Investor relations in New Zealand - an evaluation. Presented to The Public Relations Institute of New Zealand (PRINZ), Auckland, 21 May. The Doctoral experience and research process. Presented to the Doctor of Business Administration Doctoral Workshop, Graduate College of Management, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia, 31 May-2 Jun. An evaluation of investor relations in New Zealand. Presented to the Sixth Annual Financial Reporting and Business Communication Conference, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Wales, 4-5 July. Corporate governance, accountability and corporate financial communication - a model for investor relations? Presented to the 1st International Conference on Corporate Governance,The Birmingham Business School, the University of Birmingham, England, 9 Jul. Investor relations in New Zealand - a communications gap? Presented to the Auckland Region Accounting Conference, Massey University, Auckland, 6 Dec. Investor relations in New Zealand: a case study of a small financial market. Presented to the 15th Australasian Finance and Banking Conference, Auckland, 16 Dec. Halliday, C. Communication Studies, (2002) A new art to teaching assertiveness: a cross cultural approach. Presented to the NZCA Conference (The Art of Communication), Nelson, Dec. Taking cultural differences into account. Presented to the New Zealand Communication Association Northern Regional Conference, Auckland, Sep. Henare, K. & Salman, R. Computing & Information Technology, (2002) Egraphic design process. Presented to the 15th Annual Conference of the NACCQ, Hamilton, 2-5 Jul. Holst-Larkin, J. Communication Studies, (2002) Email and the writers voice: is it speech or writing? Presented to the 5th Biennial Tertiary Network Colloquium, Auckland, Dec. Whats happening to the art of rapport in business messages? Presented to the NZCA Conference (The Art of Communication), Nelson, Dec.
16

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

Howie, L. Social Sciences, (2002) Learning conversations. Presented to the Politics of Early Childhood Conference, Auckland, Aug. Hyde, K. & Chung, H.F.L. Manukau Business School, (2002) The impact of Immigrant Effects on international marketing strategy. Presented to the Australia New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (2002) (ANZMAC), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia, 2-4 Dec. Jansen, G. & Rimoni, R. Learning Centre, (2002) Whose place is it anyway? Welcome to our discourse. Paper presented to the 5th Biennial Tertiary Writing Network Colloquium, Auckland, 5-6 Dec. Jennings, L. Electrical and Electronic, (2002) A comparison of a traditional laboratory versus a computer simulated laboratory. Presented to the NETEC Conference, Hamilton, 28 Nov. Kane, P. Further Education, (2002) Learning mathematics, being taught mathematics: the school experiences of bridging mathematics students. Presented to the Tenth Australasian Bridging Mathematics Conference, UNITEC, Auckland, 4-6 Jul. Kirby, M. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Creative Pasifika. Presented to The Pacific Economic Symposium: the Pacific Economy, Auckland, Jul. Lopez, M. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) Recognising the bad eggs. Presented to the 15th Conference of the NACCQ, Hamilton, 2-5 Jul. Mahmood, S. Social Sciences, (2002) Good early childhood practices, are they always culturally appropriate? Presented to the NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children) Conference, New York, USA, Nov. Middleton, S. Executive, (2002) Going round in circles: effective professional development. Presented to the Central Districts AP/DP Boutique Conference, New Plymouth, 2 Aug. Morrison,T. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) A generic profiler for word-processed documents. Presented to the NZ Applied Business Education Conference, Christchurch, 25-27 Sep. Nicholson Burr, M. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) On line teaching and learning: a way forward for busy nurses? Presented to the 11th South Pacific Nurses Forum, Vanuatu, 19-23 Aug.

Peppiatt, J. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) The webservices architecture for mission critical systems: a case study. Presented to the 15th Annual Conference of the NACCQ, Hamilton, 2- 5 Jul. Plimmer, B. E. & Apperly, M. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) Computer-aided sketching to capture preliminary design. Presented to the Australian User Interface Conference, Melbourne, Australia, Jan. Freeform: an informal environment for interface prototyping. Presented to the CHINZ, Hamilton, Jul. Roberts,T. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2002) Virtual machines. Presented to AAEE, Canberra, Australia, Sep. Roberts,W. & Krsinich, K. Further Education, (2002) Literacy learning needs and teaching strategies on a bridging programme. Presented to the NZ Bridging Educators Conference, Auckland, 6 Sep. Rugis, J. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2002) Convolution and audio effects. Presented to Multi Manukau-Multimedia Conference, Auckland, Jul. Rummel, L. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Safeguarding the practices of nursing: the meaning of being-as preceptor to undergraduate student nurses in an acute care setting. Address to the Advanced Heideggerian Hermeneutic Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, 24 Jun. Rummel, L. Nursing and Health Studies, (with Featherston, J.& McGregor, D.) (2002) Patient-centred care for the older person what does it mean in the New Zealand context? Presented to the New Zealand Nurses Organisation Nursing Research Section Conference; Research Contributing to the Future of Nursing, Hamilton, 26-27 Apr. Rummel, L. Nursing and Health Studies, (with Featherston, J., McGregor, D. & Peri, K.) (2002) Investigating client centred care within the diversity of the New Zealand aged care setting: an NZNO/MIT research initiative. Presented to the New Zealand Nurses Organisation 3rd National Gerontology Conference, Auckland, 7-9 Aug. Rydon, S. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Practice and roles of mental health nurses: impediment to the therapeutic role. Presented to the 11th South Pacific Nurses Forum, Vanuatu, 19-23 Aug.

17 Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND SCHOLARY ACTIVITIES

Sterne, G. Communication Studies, (2002) The art of internal communication: a case study. Presented to the New Zealand Communication Association Northern Regional Conference, Auckland, Sep. Communication consulting: MIT@Viko. Presented to the NZCA Conference (The Art of Communication), Nelson, Dec. Sutton, R & Hookings, A. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2002) An introduction to two modern nonlinear adaptive control methods. Presented to NETEC Conference, Hamilton, 28 Nov. Sylvester, G. Executive, & Woodhead, N. Academic Auditor, (2002) Compliance and the changing workplace. Presented to the Australasian Association for Institutional Research Inc. Conference, (AAIR), Perth, Western Australia, 4-6 Dec. Todd, J. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) Gender imbalances in Technology Education: an analysis of one programmes enrolments. Presented to the 15th Annual Conference of the NACCQ, Hamilton, 2-5 Jul. Wang,Y. Computing and Information Technology, & Witten, I.H. (2002) Modelling for optimal probability prediction. Presented to the 19th International Conference on Machine Learning, Sydney, Australia, Jul. Wells, M. Sport and Recreation, (2002) Leisure - a vehicle for less academic students to achieve higher learning. Presented to The First Pacific Rim Education Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, Jan. Weterman, L. Business Services, (2002) On the job. Presented to the National Business Administration Forum Teaching in Focus, Auckland, 3-5 Apr.

REFEREES/REVIEWERS Chalmers, A. Lip image segmentation using fuzzy clustering incorporating an elliptic shape function. Review of paper for IEEE transactions on image processing, published by IEEE Signal Processing Society, Piscataway, NW 08855-1331, USA. Cooke, B. School of Visual Arts, (2002) Philosophy in crisis: the need for reconstruction. Mario Bunge, Amherst, NY:Prometheus Books, 2001, The Open Society, 75, (4), p 20. God after Darwin. John F Haught, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 2000, Yana, 59, Aug 2002, pp 18-19. Values, society and evolution. Ed: H James Birx & Tim Delaney, Auburn, NY:Legend, 2002, The Open Society, 75, (3), p 23. Jesus and the politics of interpretation. Elisabeth Schssler Fiorenza, Continuum, New York, 2000, The Open Society, 75, (2), pp 22-23, (solicited review). Helen: portrait of a prime minister. Brian Edwards, Auckland: Exisle, 2001, The Open Society, 75, (1), pp 23-24. Hyde, K. Manukau Business School, (2002) Review of Manzanec et als Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Vol 2. http://www.leisuretourism.com., May. Tarulevicz, P. School of Communication Studies, (2002) Content reader for the new edition of Chase, P., ORourke, S., Smith, L., Sutton, C., Timperley, T., Walker, J. & Wallace, C., Effective Business Communication in New Zealand, Longman Paul, Auckland. Trenwith, L. School of Communication Studies, (2002) Referee for the Communication Journal of New Zealand,Te Hinga Korero, New Zealand Communication Association

Mihi Wells, School of Sport

18

(NZCA), a professional organisation established in 1988 to support and promote scholarship and teaching in the Communication field, and the development, recognition and application of effective communication practices especially in the New Zealand context.

Missing the point. Election Special Column, Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 3 July, p 3. Boring new mistakes. Election Special Column, Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 10 July, p 2. Welcome to Uncle Stuarts help column. Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 17 July, p 16.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE Chung, H.F.L. Manukau Business School, (2002) Immigrant effect good for business. Essay in NZ Herald, Section 1, 27 Nov. Cobden-Grainge, F. Nursing and Health Studies, & Walker, J. (2002) New Zealand Nurses Career Plans. Report funded by Manukau Institute of Technology, Nursing Education and Research Foundation, and Christchurch Polytechnic of Technology, ISBN 0908668-61-9, Feb. Forsyth, D. & Robinson, G. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2002) Interfacing Proface Touchscreens. Publication for ifm effector pty ltd. Godfrey, A. Manukau Business School, (2002) NZ investor relations could be better. http://sharechat.co.nz, 2 Apr. Middleton, S. Executive, (2002) Towards the brave new world of pay parity. Education Review, Gerritson, J (Ed), 19 Jun, p 20. Its a knockout. Election Special Column, Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 19 June, p 3. Taking to the streets. Election Special Column, Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 26 June, p 4.

Fiddling while Rome burns . Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 17 July, p 2. All over the bar shouting .Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 24 July, p 6. Opportunity lost. Election Special Column, Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 7 August, p 2. Degrees of separation or just cashed up? Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 14 August, p 2. Doctor can no longer be presumed. Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 16 September, p 16. Certifiably yours. Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 18 September, p 16. No more time for lip service: Maori Education aspirations. Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 2 October, p 4. Global teachers must cross the cultural borders. Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 22 November, p 16. Tis the season to be jolly a Christmas miscellany. Education Review, Gerritson, J. (Ed), 20 December, p 16. Peppiatt, J. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) Key4free: Distributed Booking System v2.0, software. Plimmer, B.E. Computing and Information Technology, (2002) Freeform: Sketch Interface for Visual Basic v2.0, software.

Emma McLellan, detail from Untitled, 2002

19

RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND SCHOLARY ACTIVITIES

Roberts,T. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2002) EMIT Toolbox, software. Weterman, F. Manukau Business School, (2002) Understanding Accounting Principles (3). Lexis Nexis Butterworths, CDRom. Wood, E. (2002) Chaplaincy services under threat! The New Zealand Healthcare Chaplains Association Newsletter, 8, (16), Jun. BOOK REVIEWS Cooke, B. School of Visual Arts, (2002) A Rebel to His Last Breath: Joseph McCabe and Rationalism. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2001 reviewed by the following: Austin Cline, http://atheism.about.com.library/books. full.aafprRebelLast.htm, 1 Jan. Professor Emeritus Peter Donovan, Yana, 59, Aug, pp 13-14.

Principles for first-time principals. Conference Closing Address, First Time Principals Conference, University of Auckland Principals Centre, Kings Institute, Auckland, 11 Jul. The call to teach. Auckland College of Education MidYear Graduation Address, Auckland Girls Grammar School, Auckland, 25 Jul. Assessment in secondary schools: whats the score? Public Lecture, University of Auckland Continuing Education, Auckland, 31 Jul. Leading questions: determining the nature of educational leadership. Closing Address, Central Districts AP/DP Boutique Conference, New Plymouth, 2 Aug. Principles for managing transformation. Conference address presented to the Seventh Day Adventist National Conference, Palmerston North, 22 Sep. Seven deadly signs: principles for educational

Dr William Harwood, Freethought Perspective, USA, 3, (4), pp 8-9. Jim Herrick, New Humanist, 117, (1), Spring, pp 36-37. Terry Liddle, Bulletin of the Thomas Paine Society and Journal of Radical History, UK, 5, (4), Mar, pp 22-23. Vic Lloyd, Queensland Humanist, 36, (1), Mar, pp 20-21. Colin McCall, Freethinker, UK, 122, (3), Mar, pp 12-13. David Tribe, Australian Humanist, Winter, (66), pp 16-17. Hal Verb, American Rationalist, Sep/Oct, pp 11-12. ADDRESSES Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, (2002) Equitable legislation, inequitable practice. Participation in the discourse of tertiary education. Plenary speaker at the Auckland Tertiary Equity Committee Conference, Auckland, Jul. Middleton, S. Executive, (2002) Getting what you want and wanting what you get: The collaborative effort required for best schools. Keynote Address, Annual Conference of the New Zealand School Trustees Association, Hamilton, 23 Jun. Making learning fractionally better. Conference Opening Address, Australian Bridging Mathematics Conference, Auckland, 4 Jul.

leadership. Conference address presented to the Seventh Day Adventist National Conference, Palmerston North, 22 Sep. Rummel, L. Nursing and Health Studies, (2002) Safeguarding the practices of nursing: the meaning of being-as preceptor to undergraduate student nurses in an acute care setting. Address to Auckland Health Care, Auckland Hospital. The Meaning of being-as preceptor to undergraduate student nurses in an acute care setting, an Heideggerian Hermeneutic approach. Address at the New Zealand College of Education, Epsom, Auckland, 15 Oct. Turner, L. Manukau Business School, (2002) Are you successful? Presented to the Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand Womens Accountant Auckland Group, 27 Jun. Being a professional. Presented to the Auckland City Council Finance and Business Services Section, Auckland, 29 Aug.

VISITING SCHOLAR Dr Johanita Strumpher, Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing Science, University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa (with Dr Willem Fourie and

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

20

Sharon Rydon, MIT) An exploration of the care and services provided to community based severely and persistently mentally ill patients and their families in New Zealand. Research initiative between the University of Port Elizabeth and Department of Dept of Nursing and Health Studies, MIT, Jun Dec.

GROUP EXHIBITIONS Ball, M. (2002) James Wallace Art Award, Exhibition of finalists work, Massey University, Wellington, Oct. James Wallace Art Award, Auckland Museum, Auckland, Sep. The Scale of Things, Exhibition of small objects and large paintings curated by Gerald Barnett, Mahara

SCHOLARSHIPS Anderson, H. Advisor: Bridging Education, (2002) $15,000 Ministry of Womens Affairs Postdoctoral Research Scholarship: Bridging education for women: what lies ahead?. Olney, L. Business Services, (2002) $13,000 Massey University Masterate Scholarship for Research.

Gallery, Waikanae, May-Jun. Portrait Biennale, National Portrait Gallery, Wellington, Feb-Apr. That 70s Show, Exhibition from the collection, curated by Alan Smith, Auckland City Art Gallery, Auckland, Jan-Mar. Crowe, D. (2002) Oceania Launch, Mokum Textiles, Auckland, Jul.

ARTWORKS SOLO EXHIBITIONS Crowe, D. (2002) Sett, Vavasour/Godkin Gallery, Auckland, Sep. Cullen, P. (2002) Diagrams, Jane Sanders Gallery, 40 George St, Auckland, Sep. Practical Knowledge, Auckland City Gallery, Auckland, Jan-May. Pencil Installations, East Cape Lighthouse NZ, Cape Reinga NZ, Kassel Germany, Courance France, Amsterdam The Netherlands, Audley End UK. Fletcher, G. (2002) King of the Wood, Brooke Gifford Gallery, Christchurch, 30 Apr - 25 May. Lovett, S. (2002) Echo Chamber, Dowse Museum, Wellington, Feb. McLellan, E. (2002) New Work, The Lane Gallery, Auckland, 28 May - 15 Jun. Shelton, A. Break, Govett Brewster Gallery, New Plymouth, Dec.

Group Show,Vavasour/Godkin Gallery, Auckland, May. Lush, Platform, Melbourne, Australia, Apr. Screens, Vavasour/Godkin Gallery, Auckland, Mar. Cullen, P. (2002) Tidal (K), Beecroft Garden Exhibition of NZ Sculpture, Auckland, Oct. Observatory, Sculpture, Wallace Art Awards, Auckland Museum and Massey University, Auckland and Wellington, Sep-Nov. Observatory Garden, Sculpture,Waikato Art Awards, Waikato Museum of Art and History, Hamilton, Sep. Drawing, Lopdell Gallery, Auckland, Mar. Douglas-Cooke, B. (2002) 100x100, McPherson Gallery, Auckland, Nov. Paintings, McPherson Gallery, Auckland, 20 Mar - 6 Apr. Fletcher, G. (2002) Group Show, Anna Bibby Gallery, Auckland, 25 Aug -14 Sep. Botanica, Gus Fisher Gallery, Auckland, 13 Jul - 31 Aug. Sea Knowing and Island Looking, Auckland City Art

Erewhon, Ramp Gallery, WINTEC, Hamilton, Nov. Stevenson, L. (2002) Slide, Compact Gallery, Auckland, May. Return Fare, Room 401 Gallery, Auckland, Apr. Szirmay, M. (2002) Solitaire, McPherson Gallery, Auckland, Apr.
21 Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

Gallery, Auckland, Jul - Jan. King of the Wood, Brooke Gifford Gallery, Christchurch, 30 Apr - 25 May. Just Black and White, Sarjeant Gallery, Wanganui, 13 Oct 2001 27 Jan 2002.

RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND SCHOLARY ACTIVITIES

Glass, D. (2002) Urban Projections, Lopdell House Gallery, Auckland, Mar. Fringe of Heaven, Lopdell House Gallery, Auckland, Jan. Hansen, F. (2002) Goldwater Art Prize, Waiheke Community Art Gallery, Auckland, Oct. Wallace Arts Awards, Finalist, Auckland, Aug. Con/Quest, Access Art Gallery,Vancouver, Canada, Jun. Lush, Platform, Melbourne, Australia, Mar. Ingram, S. (2002) Group Show, Vavasour Godkin Gallery, Auckland, Nov.

Riley, B. (2002) Screen Show,Vavasour Godkin Gallery, Auckland, Apr. Video Projection Project, High Street, Auckland, Feb. The Contingency of Vision, te tuhi - the mark, Auckland, Jan. 3 Auckland Painters, Campbell Grant Gallery, Christchurch, Jan. Group Showing, G2 Gallery, Auckland, Jan. Shelton, A. (2002) Dogwood, Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada, Sep. Waikato Art Award, finalist, Hamilton, Sep.

Images of Desire, Winston Hotel, Holland, Jul. Slow Release, Heide Museum of Modern Art, Simon Ingram, Scotts Church, Sydney, Jun. Screens, Vavasour Godkin Gallery, Auckland, Mar. Lovett, S. (2002) The Press Gang, Mahara Gallery, Waikanai, Sep. Boganville, One Eye Gallery, Paekakariki, Aug. The Press Gang,The Sarjeant Gallery, Wanganui, Jun and Aug. Con-Quest, International Mail Art, Vancouver, Canada, May. D-Tour, ASA Gallery, Auckland, Mar. McLellan, E. (2002) Mobile Art Gallery, Epsom, Auckland, 25 Aug-15 Sep. Wallace Arts Awards, Wallace Trust Gallery, Auckland, 25 Aug. Young Irish NZ Artists, Aotea Centre, Auckland, 14-18 Mar.
Deborah Crowe, detail from Sett # 5, 2002. Photo: John Collie

Melbourne, Australia, Aug. Suite, Belkin Satellite Art Gallery,Vancouver, Canada, Jan. Stevenson,L. (2002) Nancy, Lopdell House, Auckland, Jun-Jul. FOR, ASA Gallery, Auckland, Mar. Waikato Summer Art Awards, finalist, Arts Post Gallery, Hamilton, Jan-Feb. Szirmay, M. (2002) 100x100, McPherson Gallery, Auckland, Dec. Pacific Rim, Te Pae O Te Moananui a Kiwa, Brook Gifford Gallery, Christchurch, Dec. Garden Exhibition of NZ Sculpture, Auckland, Oct. F.I.D.E.M. International Medals, Paris, Sep. Pacific Rim Te Pae O Te Moananui a Kiwa, Simmons Gallery, London, UK, Apr-May.

22

 Artists Choice, Mt Eden Gallery, Auckland, Mar-Apr. Tune, G. (2002) Recent Work with Rebecca Tune, Monterey Gallery, Auckland, Jun. Con/Quest, Access Artists Centre,Vancouver, Canada, Jun.

Lovett, S. Echo Chamber. Self Published, Auckland, 2001/2002. San Juan Bienale. Exhibition Catalogue, Auckland, 2001/2002. Porter, G. (2002) A Swim in Dye, in Blue Circles Campbelltown Regional Art Gallery, Sydney, Australia.

CURATORIAL PROJECTS Ingram, S. (2002) A Big Word ACE, Rose Nolan, BLOCKLAND, Auckland, Oct.

Riley, B. (2002) Lush: Catalogue for Touring Show. The Contingency of Vision. Suter Gallery, Nelson. Stevenson, L. (2002) Nancy. Exhibition at Lopdell

Riley, B. (2002) Lush (Exhibition of NZ Artists), Curatorial Project Melbourne, Vancouver, Apr-May. Compact, High St, Auckland, Ongoing. Multisite Project, Auckland.

House, Auckland, Jun-Jul.

EXHIBITION REVIEWS Ball, M. (2002) Wallace Art Award. Hamish Keith, Sunday Star Times, 15 Sep.

COMMISSIONS McLellan, E. (2002) Work created for TV1 series Spin Doctors.

Douglas-Cooke, B. (2002) Arts on Monday. T.J.McNamara, NZ Herald, 25 Mar. Fletcher, G. (2002) Landfall 204, Nov. Art New Zealand, Spring, p48.

CATALOGUES Cooke, B. (2002) Self Portrait as a Young Painter. Zarahn Southon, te tuhi the mark, Auckland. True Lies About Frieda Brierley and Ailie Snow. Frieda Brierley and Ailie Snow, Northart Community Arts Centre, North Shore City. Hansen, F. (2002) Lush. Forward by B Riley. Kirby, M. (2002) Blue Circles. Campbelltown Regional Art Gallery, Sydney, Australia.

The Press, 8 May, p34. Ingram, S. (2002) Marco Fusitanos Kinasthetic Monochromes, Gus Fisher Gallery,The University of Auckland exhibition catalogue, Oct-Dec. Jan Van der Pleg at Michael Letts Residence, Lives of the Artists, Sydney, 2, Winter. Jim Speers at Jensen Gallery, Illusions, Ed: Lawrence McDonald, 34, Winter. Maddie Leach at the Waikato Museum, Haiku Review, Sydney, Jul.

Ann Shelton, detail from Laudanum, Minnie Deans Unmarked Grave, Winton Cemetery, Southland 2001

23

RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND SCHOLARY ACTIVITIES

McLellan, E. (2002) Arts and Minds What the Critics Say, T.J.McNamara, NZ Herald, 10 Jun. Szirmay, M. (2002) What the Critics Say Solitaire, T.J.McNamara, NZ Herald, 15 Apr.

OTHER RESEARCH Cullen, P. (2002) Research into Contemporary Art at major international exhibitions in Germany (Documenta and Manifesta) and associated exhibitions in Germany, The Netherlands and London. Curtis, M. (2002) Ongoing research concerned with

OTHER PUBLICATIONS Cullen, P. (2002) Included in New Zealand Sculpture, Ed: Michael Dunn, Auckland University Press. Hansen, F. (2002) Sitting Pretty. Kate Stead, Marie Claire Magazine, May, pp 210-215. Artist Page. Remix Magazine, Sep.

the issues around the setting up of a public noncommercial exhibition space for craft and design. Lovett, S. (2002) Digital printing in terms of student learning within the context of traditional printmaking/print media developments. Dialogues with curators at the Brooklyn Museum of Art. Szirmay, M. (with Kirby, M.) (2002) University of Sydney,

Kirby, M. (2002) Deborah Crowe: Sett. Art School Press. Riley, B. (2002) Arts Editor, Remix Magazine, Auckland.

Sydney College of the Arts, to gather information re undergraduate and post graduate programme structures, 14 Apr.

GRANT Fletcher, G. (2002) Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant. New York, USA, Jan. SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES Cullen, P. (2002) Board Member, Artspace, Auckland, (2002) Porter, G. (2002) Editor, Log Illustrated, Issues 10-15, ARTIST TALK Crowe, D. (2002) Whitecliff College of Art and Design, Auckland, Jan Eden Arts, Auckland, Feb. Tuahine Club, Hamilton, May. Curators Talk. 4th New Zealand Jewellery Biennale, Dunedin Public Art Gallery, Dunedin, Jul. Porter, G. (2002) 1,000 Senryu. Performed body of poetry at the Moving Image Centre. Slide talk and workshop, Real Live Artist. te tuhi the mark Gallery, Auckland, Mar. Szirmay, M. (2002) Otago Polytechnic School of Art, Dunedin, MFA Post Graduate programme visiting artist series, Sep. 2000-2002 Board Member, Cuckoo, Itinerant contemporary art exhibition group.

Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report

24

Blue Circles.

Mark Kirby of the School of Visual Arts, was invited to curate an exhibition of Julian Dashpers work for Campbelltown Bicentennial Regional Art Gallery, in New South Wales in November, 2002. Dashper, who lives in Auckland, is arguably New Zealands most well known international artist. Born in Auckland in 1960, he has shown regularly since 1980 throughout New Zealand, Australia, Europe and most recently America. His work is held in major collections such as the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, as well all the main collections in New Zealand. In 2001 Dashper was awarded a senior Fullbright scholarship to work as artist in residence at Donald Judds Chinati Foundation in Marfa, Texas; and in 2003 he will be the Sydney Artspace artist in residence. Dashpers work sits stylistically between Conceptual Art and Minimalism. It regularly refers to art history (both international and national), particularly the language and history of abstraction and its relationship to current culture. The place of art and the artist in relation to contemporary art institutions, and arts relationship to the music industry and other cultural genres are also common themes. Hence, Dashpers

work frequently contains either music or visual references to music, as in his Drum Head series from the 1990s. At times he has mixed these references with connections to sport, as in the work Untitled: The Warriors (1998). This was first exhibited in Sydney, and explores the sibling rivalry between Australia and New Zealand. It will be re-exhibited at te tuhi - the mark, Pakuranga, early next year, as part of another solo exhibition by the artist. Dashpers solo exhibition at Campbelltown explored these themes, where he exhibited a limited edition 12 clear vinyl recording made in front of Jackson Pollocks `Blue Poles in January of this year, 50 years after Pollocks infamous painting was completed. Dashper also exhibited one of his well known CV works, presented down the entire length of one of the gallery walls. To further accompany these works there was an extensive DVD interview with Dashper of more than four hours, where Dashper answered questions put to him about his recent practice. A common issue throughout this exhibition was reputation, or rather how the mythical clamour around an artist will frequently take over how their work is considered. The show is being toured to te tuhi - the mark and Wellington City Art Gallery in 2003.

P U B L I S H E D B Y : Manukau Institute of Technology. C O M P I L AT I O N : Lana Ashley, Secretary Research and Ethics Committee DESIGN: Nicola Dawson, Marketing Services Department. PHOTOGRAPHY: Rob McEldowney (unless indicated). PRINT: AMPM Print management For further information regarding research or for additional copies of this report, please contact Lana Ashley; phone (09) 968 8059, email: lana.ashley@manukau.ac.nz. M A I L I N G A D D R E S S : Manukau Institute of Technology, Private Bag 94006, Manukau City, Auckland

25 Manukau Institute of Technology Research Report