Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1-1 -1
Agenda
Term Definitions Source of Electromagnetic Interference Components of an EMC Situation Methods of Noise Coupling Time-Value of EMC Solutions EMC Solutions Standard Setting Institutions() Emission Frequency Range of EMC Regulations Declaration Method National Regulations Summary
1-1 -2
Term Definitions
EMC (electromagnetic compatibility)
Ability to operate in, and not overly contribute to, an environment of electromagnetic interference. Both radiated and conducted
Term Definitions
EMI EMC EMS
1-1 -4
RERadiated Emission CEConducted Emission RSSusceptibility / Immunity to Radiated emission EN 61000-4-3 CSSusceptibility / Immunity to Conducted emission EN 61000-4-6 Electromagnetic interference() is not the same as radio-frequency interference().
AM Broadcast Radio
Term Definitions
Shortwave Radio
VHF TV FM Broadcast Radio Fiber Optic Communication Mobile Radio Mobile Radio VHF TV Visible Light
Microwaves
Frequency
1MHz MF 300m
10MHz HF 30m
100MHz VHF 3m
1012
1014
1015
Wave length
1000m
100m
10m
1m
10cm
1cm
1mm
1um
Human made
Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical apparatus
Intentional() -- Commercial radio, TV stations, mobile phones Unintentional -- DC motor, ITEs (computer)
1-1 -6
Receptor
Power Line
1-1 -7
Wire
1-1 -8
Wire
Id
Ic Ic
Device 1
Id
Circuit 3
R3
Circuit 2
I2
R1
Circuit 1
I1
2 Ic
I3
R2
2 Ic
I1+I2+I3 I1+I2
I1
return return
1-1 -10
Oscillator
RF Am pilfier
Mixer
IF Amplifier
Detector
Audio Amplifier
Power Supply
1-1 -11
Breadboard
Prototype
Final Product
Time
1-1 -12
EMC Solutions
There are just basic concepts for EMC, and there is no absolute design rule for EMC
EMC strategies are case by case A strategy may be a trade-off between different EMC concerns Usually there are more than one strategy for a EMC problem, but just one solution best for your case A EMC problem may need several strategies to cover it well
In many practical situations, more than one approach is required to solve a single EMI problem.
Grounding Shielding Filtering Others Cables, Connectors, Gaskets(), Isolating transformers, Transient suppression components, Proper frequency engineering, Package, Layout
1-1 -13
Agenda
Term Definitions Source of Electromagnetic Interference Components of an EMC Situation Methods of Noise Coupling Time-Value of EMC Solutions EMC Solutions Standard Setting Institutions()
FCCIEC
Emission Frequency Range of EMC Regulations Declaration Method National Regulations Summary
1-1 -14
CISPR
Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectrique (IEC)
FCC (www.fcc.gov)
Federal Communication Commission
ANSI
American National Standards Institution
Be voluntary and apparent, not mandatory
BSI
British Standards Institution
1-1 -15
CENELEC
Comite European de Normalisation Electrotechniques European Norms (ENs)
Emission limit and Immunity level CE mark
EIA/JEDEC
(www.jedec.org)
JEDEC Solid State Technology Association is the semiconductor engineering standardization body of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA).
1-1 -16
Emissions
CENELEC VCCI CNS
Immunity
FTZ
U.S.
EU.
Japan
Taiwan
Germany
International Committees
IEC,CISPR,...
National Committees
FCC,VCCI,CNS ( www.bsmi.gov.tw)...
1-1 -17
Part 15
Radio-frequency (10KHz ~ 3GHz) devices
Radiationconduction or some other means
Part 18
Industrialscientific and medical equipment (ISM equipment)
Part 68
Equipment connected to the telephone network
Provide the protection of the telephone network from harm caused by the connection of terminal equipments
1-1 -18
150k ~ 30MHz
AC/DC power ports of ancillary and integral antenna equipment for fixed / vehicular use
1-1 -21
9k ~ 40GHz
Antenna port of non-integral antenna equipment
30M ~ 1GHz
Enclosure port of ancillary equipment
30M ~ 40GHz
Enclosure port of non-integral antenna equipment and antenna port of ancillary equipment
Test Requirements
Achieving valid, repeatable results The EUT is normally exercised in a way that represents its typical usage.
For intentional radiators, FCC requires to test to the 10th harmonic or 40GHz
Highest Internal Freq.(MHz) Below 1.705 1.705 ~ 108 108 ~ 500 500 ~ 1000 Above 1000
1-1 -22
Upper Freq. of Measurement(MHz) 30 (only conducted measurement) 1000 2000 5000 5th harmonic of highest freq. or 40GHz
Declaration Method
FCC Part 15 on Radio Freq. Device
Agenda
Term Definitions Source of Electromagnetic Interference Components of an EMC Situation Methods of Noise Coupling Time-Value of EMC Solutions EMC Solutions Standard Setting Institutions () Emission Frequency Range of EMC Regulations Declaration Method National Regulations Summary
1-1 -24
National Regulations Summary One of the main reasons to do EMC test is because government agencies require it. Just EMI is concerned at the first, until January 1st,1996, Europe requires product to accept European Norms (including EMS / immunity).
1-1 -25
Generic Standard
Used for all product not defined in particular standard. ()
Basic Standard
Define and describe the method and setup of the measurement. No limits and criteria specified.
FCC Part 15
Description
Signaling on low-voltage electrical installations in the frequency 3~148.5kHz Generic emissions standards Residential Generic emissions standards -- Industrial
FCC Part 15
ENs EN 55022
1-1 -27
1000
F(MHz)
1-1 -28
Back
50 45
FCC
3.5dB
47
6.5dB
40 35 30 25 30
1-1 -29
CISPR
37
FCC CISPR
EN 50081-1, 10m, Class B (also for EN 55011 & 55022 Class B) or EN 50081-2, 30m, Class A (also for EN 55011 & 55022 Class A)
88
216 230
1000
F(MHz)
ENs
EN61000-3-2 Harmonic current emission EN61000-3-3 Voltage fluctuations and flicker in low voltage supply
systems
1-1 -31
FCC CISPR
1-1 -32
Peak
Average
1-1 -33
1-1 -34
1-1 -35
EN 50082(1997) or EN55024(1998) for ITE IEC / ENs 61000-4-7 61000-4-8 61000-4-9 61000-4-10 61000-4-11 Description
Guide on harmonics & inter-harmonics measurements & instrumentations for power supply systems Power frequency magnetic fields immunity test Pulse magnetic fields immunity test Damped Oscillatory magnetic fields immunity test Voltage dips, short interrupts and voltage variations immunity test
1-1 -37
Environment Residential, commercial, and light industrial Industrial Information Technology Equipment (ITE)
Generic Emissions Generic Immunity (EMI) (EMS) EN 50081-1 EN 50081-2 EN55022 EN 50082-1 EN 50082-2 EN55024
1-1 -38
Back
IEC 801-3
27 - 500 MHz, no modulation Withdrawn
IEC 801-6
150K - 230 MHz, no modulation Withdrawn
Summary
EMC will be more and more important. The kinds of regulations are complex. No one approach or design rule can result in a solution to all EMC problems. Strategies in different point of views usually are used for an EMC condition
Internal circuit level or system level concerns. In many practical situations, more than one approach is required to solve an EMC problem.
1-1 -42